2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语领航卷（一）（含答案解析）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语领航卷（一）

学校:姓名：班级:考号：

一、阅读理解

Football:DesigningtheBeautifulGame

Whetheryouareacrazyfanorsidelinesupporter,visitorstothisexhibitionwillenjoy

discoveringtheremarkabledesignstoriesbehindtheworld'sbeautifulgame.

Whattoexpect

Theexhibitionexploresthestorybehindfootball,showinghowdesignhasbeenusedto

pushthegametonewlimits.Takeajourneythroughover500objects,filmsandinterviewsin

sportingperformance,equipmentdevelopmentandstadiumdesign,andinvolveyourselfin

thestoriesofclubsandgamelegends（传奇人物）includingMessi,Pele,GeorgeBestand

DiegoMaradona.

HeldbytheDesignMuseumandtheNationalFootballMuseuminManchester,theshow

revealsthemasterplanningoftheworld'smostsignificantfootballstadiums,thedesign

innovationusedintoday'sequipment,howthegraphicdesignofteambadges（徽章）and

postersshapesaclub'sidentityandhowgrassroots9effortsarepushingthesport's

commercialization.

Ticketinformation

^Onlinebookingisadvisedbutticketswillalsobeavailableinthebookingoffice.Last

entrytotheexhibitionis90minutesbeforethemuseumcloses.

XAdukticketsarechargedfrom£16andstudentticketsfrom£12.Meanwhile,you

cansave25%onfamilyandgrouptickets.

^Presentyourexhibitionentryticketfor10%offfoodanddrinkatLondonGrade

Coffeeonthegroundfloor.

1.Whatcanvisitorsdoattheexhibition?

A.Designateambadge.B.Interviewmasterdesigners.

C.Putonfootballequipment.D.Learnaboutfamousfootballplayers.

2.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir11-year-oldsonpayatleastforadmission?

A.£33.B.£36.C.£44.D.£48.

3.Whatwillvisitorsenjoywiththeticket?

A.Aspecialdiscountongoodsatacafe.B.Aphotoofasignificantfootballstadium.

C.AfreevisittotheNationalFootballMuseum.D.Aninvitationtoaclub'ssporting

performance.

AcrowdcheeredKunieAdeyanjuasheturnedoffhismotorbikeengineaftercompleting

atiring41-daytrip.The44-year-oldleftLondononApril19andarrivedinNigeria's

commercialcenterLagosonSundayaftertravellingmorethan8,000milesacross13

countries.HestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsforRotaryInternationaltodeal

withpolio（小儿麻痹症）inhisnativeNigeria.

AccompaniedbyadozenbikersforthelaststretchofthejourneyfromtheRepublicof

Benin,AdeyanjuwaswelcomedbysupportersinIkeja,incentralLagos.Adeyanju,called

“LionHeart”byfans,wonpopularityamongthepublicbypostingdailypictureswith

commentsabouthisjourneyonsocialmedia.Ateverystopalongtheway,hewasgreetedby

enthusiasticsupporters.

Hedidfacesomechallenges,liketheoneinMaliwhereoneofhiswheelsbroke."Iwas

standinginthemiddleofthenight,aloneinabush,notknowingwhattodo,withoutspeaking

thelanguage,hesaid,explaininghehadtowalktothenearestvillage."Fortunately,the

localshelpedme."Notallofthechallengeshefacedweresolvedsmoothly."Mauritania,a

countryinnorthwestAfrica,was*'terrible',"hesaid,afterhegotrobbedofhundredsof

euros."Theworstexperience,,9headded.

TheformerShellemployeeself-fundedhistripwith$20,400insavings,hopingtoraise

upto$48millionforRotaryInternational."Ihavebeensufferingfromalackofsleeplately

becauseIsleptonlythreetofourhourspernight.ButIfeelproudbecauseIfinishedthis

challenge,Adeyanjusaidjustafterhearrived,wipingthesweatoffhisface.Adeyanju

addedthatheisnowplanningtohaveapossiblecyclingtriptoGhanaorabikeridetoIsrael

tohelpraisemorefunds.Andhehasanotherdream:toclimbMountQomolangma.

4.WhydidAdeyanjugoonthe41-daytrip?

A.Tochallengehimself.B.Tohelpfightpolio.

C.Toconnectwithmorepeople.D.ToadvertiseRotaryInternational.

5.HowdidAdeyanjubecomepopularduringthejourney?

A.Byusingthetitle“LionHeart”.B.Bycommentingonotherbikers'

journeys.

C.Bysharinghisexperiencesonline.D.Byshowinghisdeeploveforhis

试卷第2页，共10页

hometown.

6.WhathappenedtoAdeyanjuinMauritania?

A.Hegotlostinthebush.B.Hemetwithcrime.

C.Hefailedtounderstandthelocals.D.Hebrokehismotorbike.

7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAdeyanju?

A.Caringanddetermined.B.Reliableandenthusiastic.

C.Generousandsensitive.D.Adventurousandconfident.

Wehumansoftennavigate（导航）usingroadsignsandGPS.Butwhataboutelephants?

ConnieAllen,abehaviouralecologistattheUniversityofExeterintheU.K.,said“the

elephantsnavigateoverlongdistancesusingtheirunbelievablememories”,whichmakes

othersconsiderthatanelephantwillneverforget.Butit'salsobeensuggestedhereandthere

thatmaybeolfactionisextremelyimportantfortheselong-distancemovements.

AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfricanelephants9abilityto

identifyaveryspecialsmell:thesmellofpee（尿）.Yousee,anelephantpeesalot—some12

to15gallonsaday—andthatpeecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.

Butfirst,theyneededsomepee.SotheyheadedfbraspotalongBotswana'sBoteti

Riverandwaited.Theywaitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentand

collectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetupcamerasonsevenpathswhichthe

elephantsusuallywalkedalong.Afterobservingtheelephants?naturalbehaviouronthepaths,

theynoticedthatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthepaths—especially

elephantstravellingalone,whichisanindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserve

assignpostsalongthepaths.

Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.Andtheyfoundthatforatleasttwo

days,passingelephantstrainedtheirtrunksonthesamples,especiallysamplesfrommature

adults,whichisanotherindicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignal.Their

findingsappearedinthejournalAnimatBehaviour.

Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeabletouseelephantpeeasa

decoy（诱饵）.Ifwecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway,

maybewecanredirectthemawayfromwheretheyarecomingintoconflictwithhumansat

themoment.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“olfhction“inparagraph1mean?

A.Theroadsidesignpost.B.Thesenseofsmell.

C.Thelong-termmemory.D.Thesenseofdirection.

9.Howdidresearchersgettheirconclusions?

A.Bydoingfieldresearch.B.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bydoinglaboratoryexperiments.

10.Whatmightbeapotentialbenefitofthefindingsaccordingtothetext?

A.Helpingelephantstofindothercompanions.

B.Inspiringnewresearchdirectionsinelephants.

C.Raisingpublicawarenessofelephantprotection.

D.Makingelephantsandhumanscoexistpeacefully.

11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AfricanElephantsShowPersonality-basedMovements

B.ElephantsAreBornWithExcellentAbilitytoNavigate

C.AfricanElephantsMayUsePeeasaRoadSign

D.ElephantsHaveaGoodMemoryforRoads

FelixRuppertandAlexanderBadri-SprowitzattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligent

SystemsinStuttgart,Germany,designedahalf-metre-highrobotcalledMortiandgaveitthe

abilitytoteachitselfhowtowalk,ratherthantoperformapre-programmedstep.The

four-leggedrobottookonlyanhourtolearnhowtowalksteadily,roughlythesameamount

oftimeasnewbornhorsesneed.Andifsthefirsttimethatamachinelearningtechniquehas

beensosuccessfullyappliedtofour-leggedrobots.

Mortiiscontrolledbyanartificialintelligence(AI)algorithm(算法)thatdoesn'thave

muchinformationabouttherobofslegs,suchastheexactshapeofeachelement.tlTheAI,

workinglikethecentralnervoussystem,giveswalkinginstructionsforMortitofollow.It

thenadjuststhembasedonreadingsfromfootsensorsthatsignalwhentherobotfallsand

losescontactwiththeground.Initially,Mortifallsdown,butafteraboutanhourtheAIfinds

thebestwaytomakeitwalk,“saidRuppert.

BecausetheAIlearnsratherthancalculatingdetailsofeachleg'smovementinadvance,

whichcanusealotofenergy,Mortiwalksusing42percentlessenergythanwhenitfirst

startsattheendofanhour-longlearningprocess.Morti'sprocesscopiesthewaybaby

animalslearntomove,astheyalsofindthemostefficientwaytousetheirmusclesbytrying

试卷第4页，共10页

andinitiallytripping.

DhireeshaKudithipudiatTheUniversityofTexasatSanAntoniosaidthatAIrobotscan

oftenlearnaspecifictaskverywellbutcan'treadjustwhentheenvironmentchangesandthat

Morti'sdesign,whichreliesoncontinuallyadjustingtherobot'smovements,mayperform

betterinthatregard.Ruppertsaidheandtheteamareworkingonaddingmoresensorsand

rangeofmotiontoMortitomakeitamoreanimal-likerobot.

12.WhatisspecialaboutMorti?

A.Itispre-programmedtowalk.B.Itcanlearntowalkbyitself.

C.Itisthefirstfour-leggedrobot.D.Itcanhelpteachthenewborns.

13.WhichaspectofMortiisstressedinparagraph2?

A.Itsbodystructure.B.Itsdesignconcept.

C.Itslearningprocess.D.Itsworkingconditions.

14.HowdoestheAl'slearningabilitybenefitMorti?

A.BypredictingMorti'slegmovements.B.BytrainingMorti'smusclestothebest.

C.ByloweringMorti'senergyconsumption.D.BystrengtheningMorti'sbondwith

others.

15•WhatisDhireeshaKudithipudi'sattitudetowardMorti?

A.Doubtful.B.Concerned.C.Subjective.D.Favorable.

二、七选五

You'llprobablybefamiliarwiththeNorthAmericanspellingoftheword“airplane”.

However,ifyou'veeverbeenonaninternationalflightleavingtheUnitedStatesandgoingto

anotherEnglish-speakingcountryliketheUnitedKingdom,you'veprobablynoticedthat

thereareafewdifferencesbetweentheAmericanandBritishspellingsofwordswiththe

samemeaning.16.TheAmericanEnglishspellingis“airplane“whiletheBritish

Englishspellingis“aeroplane”.So,whydoesthishappen?

Let'slookattherootofthephenomenon.17.“BritishEnglishhasageneral

tendencytofavourspellingsandwordsthatremindpeopleofFrench,butAmericanEnglish,

whenithasdeviated（背离）fromwhatBritishEnglishdoes,oftenchangesintothedirectionof

seeminglessFrench,"saysLynneMurphy,authorofTheProdigalTongue:TheLove-Hate

RelationshipBetweenBritish&AmericanEnglish.

18.“Aeroplane“isnoexception."We'recomfortablewith'aero'inscientific

terms,butasplanesbecamemorecommonthingstotalkabout,the4aero9seemedtoo

fancy,^explainsMurphy.tuInScientificAmericanin1906,therewasalreadyaclaimthat

19.Tenyearslater,4airplane,wasadoptedbytheNationalAdvisoryCommitteefor

Aeronauticsastheirterm.ItwasconsideredintheUnitedKingdom,butthatsuggestion

didn'tgoanywhere.

Thereagoodreasonwhywordsthatmeanthesamethingarespelleddifferently,and

whythatwillcontinuetohappen,"20,andpeoplearegenerallyproudofit,sothey

continuetospelldifferently,^saysMurphy.

A.Everycountryhasdifferentculture

B.Yourspellingtellspeoplewhereyou'refrom

C.Theword“airplane“happenstobeanexample

D.Airplaneisamuchbetterwordthanaeroplane

E.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavesimilarhistoricalorigins

F.There'salotofhistorythatgoesbeyondwordsanddivesdeepintopolitics,government,

andscience

G.AlotofwordsintheEnglishlanguageareborrowedfromotherlanguages,likeLatin,

Greek,andFrench

三、完形填空

AftermyhusbandRandydied,decidingwhattodowithhisgardenwasonthelistof

necessarytasks.Yearsbefore,Randyhad21dozensofdaffodils（水仙）inouryard.

Forhim,theyservedassignalsofhope,showingthatlightand22wouldsoon

replacethedarkandcold.Lookingatthem,IthoughtabouthowRandyhad23

chosenplantssowe'dappreciatethemeverymonth.ThenI24theweeds.Ineeded

togettowork.

TheworkwasquietandcomfortingandIbecame25thatithelpedmefeel

closetoRandy.Asspringturnedtosummer,mylistofurgentgardentasksgot26.

Itmademefeelgood,thissenseof27.Gradually,Ifelttheseedsofhealing（治愈）

beganto28myheart.MythoughtsofRandy29lessonthesadnessofmy

lifewithouthim.InoticedI30more.

试卷第6页，共10页

Whensummerbecamefall,Iturnedmy3jto"puttingthegardentobed”.

Whileinfallandwintergardenseemsunproductive,Iknowit32plentyoflife.

Thelushgreenness(郁郁葱葱)ofspringandsummermaybe33,butdeepinthe

soilanddowntotherootsofeverylivingthing34theseedsofwhatisreadyto

35again.

21.A.spottedB.raisedC.purchasedD.removed

22.A.warmthB.beautyC.happinessD.energy

23.A.freelyB.randomlyC.carefullyD.willingly

24.A.checkedB.pulledC.rememberedD.noticed

25.A.determinedB.awareC.proudD.satisfied

26.A.clearerB・shorterC.neaterD.fuller

27.A.purposeB.responsibilityC.achievementD.security

28.A.havecontrolofB.makeroomfbrC.keeppacewithD.takerootin

29.A.focusedB.countedC.actedD.based

30.A.progressedB.workedC.consideredD.laughed

31.A.interestB.heartC.attentionD.back

32.A.changesB.presentsC.expectsD.holds

33.A.obviousB.goneC.aliveD.great

34.A.restB.spreadC.standD.survive

35.A.ariseB.existC.flowerD.mature

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

WorldTaiChi&QigongDayfallingonthelastSaturdayofAprilisanannualevent

organized36(promote)TaiChiandQigongacrosstheworld.37itstarted

in1999,themovementhaswitnessedpeopleinover80countriestakingpartinits

celebrations.

ThefirstformofTaiChiasapracticaltradition38(document)inNorthern

Chinainthe17thcentury,39themostwidelyrecognizedformwasthe“Yangstyle”

spreadbyYangLuchaninthe19thcentury.Inthe20thcentury,TaiChi'svariousmethods

werestandardized,helpingitgain40(wide)recognition.Theeventthatinspired

WorldTaiChi&QigongDaytookplaceinKansasCity,Missouriin1998,wherethelocal

TaiChiclubheldapublicexhibition41(aim)tospreadtheChinesemartialarts(武

术).Gradually,theevent42(catch)people'sinterest,beginninginotherAmerican

citiesandeventuallyspreadingworldwideby1999.

Thegoalsoftheeventtodayaretoeducatetheworldaboutthemedicalandspiritual

benefitsbothartsoffer,andthebenefitsofincluding43(tradition)Chineseideasin

health,educationetc.Thesearetaughtthrougheventsrangingfromeducationalseminars

44exhibitions.Bydoingso,themovementhelpsencourage45

(cooperate)thatgoesbeyondgeopoliticalborders.

五、建议信

46.假定你是李华，你校交换生Mike准备参加“厉害了，中国”(AmazingChina)短视频

大赛，特发邮件向你征询视频创意。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.提出建议；

2.阐明理由；

3.表达祝愿。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

DearMike,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

试卷第8页，共10页

47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Itwasthefirstweekofthesummervacation,andParisawasalreadyreadytobebackat

school.Noteveryonesheknewlikedschool,butParisalovedlearningnewthings.Evenmore

thanthat,shelovedschoolbecauseshegottobewithherfriendsalldaylong.Parisawasan

onlychild,andshethoughtitwastooquietathome.

Nowhertwobestfriendsintheneighborhoodwereoutoftownfbrtwoweeks,andto

Parisa,itseemedliketwoyears.Whatwouldshedo?Sittingonthewidefrontstepofher

house,shelookedthroughherfavoritekidsmagazine.Theword“contest”caughthereye.

“CreateYourOwnMagazine!?,theheadlineread.

Parisalovedmagazines,butithadneveroccurredtoherthatshecouldcreateoneherself.

Thearticlesaidcontestantsmustsendinaneightmagazinewithhandwrittenarticles

andhand-drawnpictures-nothingwasprintedbycomputer.

Parisareturnedtoherroomandlaydownonthefloornexttohercat.Thiswaswhatshe

didwheneversheneededtothinkofreallygoodideas.Sheclosedhereyesandimaginedall

sortsofmagazines.Sheimaginedmagazinesaboutbikes,skating,ballet,soccer,dessert...

Butaftermuchthought,sheknewwhatshewantedtofeatureinhermagazine一her

neighborhood,fbrtherewerealwaysinterestingthings.Shewouldcallit“TheTallPines

Gazette^^andfillitwithnews.

Shefoundanotebookandapenandleftherroom.Thenshefoundhergrandmotherat

thedoorandtoldheraboutthecontest.44Granny,Tmgoingtobeareporterfbrawhile,“

Parisaannounced.urmgoingtoseeifthere'sanynews."Hergrandmothersmiled,44Well,

goodluck,honey.Youdolikeaskingquestions,soIbetyouwon'thavetoomuchtrouble

findingnews."Twohourslater,Parisaranintothehouse."Granny,I'vegotsomuchnews

thatIcan'tfititintoeightpages!”

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

Parisagotdowntoworkingonhermagazine.

Afewweekslater,Parisareceivedapackagefromthekidsmagazine.

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.D2.A3.A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦设计博物馆和国家足球博物馆举办的一

场展出一“足球：设计美丽的运动”。

1.细节理解题。根据“Whattoexpect”部分中的"Takeajourneythroughover500objects,films

andinterviewsinsportingperformance,equipmentdevelopmentandstadiumdesign,andinvolve

yourselfinthestoriesofclubsandgamelegendsincludingMessi,Pele,GeorgeBestandDiego

Maradona.（通过500多件物品、电影和体育表演、设备开发和体育场设计的采访，让自己

沉浸在俱乐部和比赛传奇传奇人物的故事中，包括梅西、贝利、乔治・贝斯特和迭戈•马拉多

纳。）”可知，参观者在展览会上可以了解到包括梅西、贝利、乔治•贝斯特和迭戈・马拉多纳

在内的足坛人物的故事。故选D项。

2.细节理解题。根据“Ticketinformation”部分中的"Adultticketsarechargedfrom£16and

studentticketsfrom£12.Meanwhile,youcansave25%onfamilyandgrouptickets.（成人票16

英镑起，学生票12英镑起。同时，你可以节省25%的家庭和团体票。户可知，家庭团体票

可以享受七五折优惠。因此一对夫妻（2名成年人）和一名11岁儿子（1名学生）至少应支

付的费用为（16x2+⑵x0.75=33（英镑）。故选A项。

3.细节理解题。根据"Ticketinformation”部分中的"Presentyourexhibitionentryticketfbr10%

offfoodanddrinkatLondonGradeCoffeeonthegroundfloor.（出示参展门票，可在一楼的伦

敦高级咖啡享受9折餐饮优惠）”可知，参观者在一楼咖啡厅购买食物和饮料时凭门票可享

受折扣优惠.故选A项。

4.B5.C6.B7.A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症，

KunieAdeyanju成功完成了从伦敦到拉各斯的摩托车骑行。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Hestartedtheimpressivejourneytoraisefundsfor

RotaryInternationallodealwithpolio（小儿麻痹症）inhisnativeNigeria.（他开始了令人印象深

刻的旅程，为国际扶轮社筹集资金，以应对家乡尼日利亚的小儿麻痹症）”可知，Adeyanju进

行为期41天的旅行是为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症。故选B。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Adeyanju,called"LionHeart''byfans,wonpopularity

答案第1页，共11页

amongthepublicbypostingdailypictureswithcommentsabouthisjourneyonsocialmedia.（被

粉丝称为“狮子心”的阿德扬朱，通过在社交媒体上发布每日照片和评论，赢得了公众的喜爱）”

可知,Adeyanju每天都在社交媒体上发布旅行照片和评论，从而赢得了公众的喜爱。故选C。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“"Mauritania,acountryinnorthwestAfrica,was”

'terrible',"hesaid,afterhegotrobbedofhundredsofeuros.llTheworstexperience,^^he

added.（“毛里塔尼亚，一个位于非洲西北部的国家，在被抢劫了数百欧元后，他说，“太可怕

了。”他补充道，“这是最糟糕的经历。“）“可知，Adeyanju的钱在毛里塔尼亚被抢了，这让

他觉得在那里的经历很糟糕。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金以应对小儿麻痹症，

Adeyanju进行了为期41天的骑行，由此可知，他是一个关心他人、乐于助人的人。在骑行

中虽然遇到了一些困难，但他没有放弃。由此可推知，他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。

8.B9.A10.D11.C

【导语】本文是-一篇说明文。行为生态学家ConnieAllen认为大象凭借惊人的记忆力进行远

距离导航，但也有人提出，大象在进行远距离活动时嗅觉尤为重要。为了验证这一观点，

ConnieAllen和她的同事们开展了研究，证明确实如此。

【详解】1.词义猜测题。根据下文“AHenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfrican

elephants'abilitytoidentifyaveryspecialsmell:thesmellofpee（尿）.Yousee,anelephantpees

alot—some12to15gallonsaday—andthatpeecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.（艾伦

和她的同事通过测试非洲象识别一种非常特殊的气味的能力来验证这一想法：尿的气味。你

看，大象尿得很多——大约每天12到15加仑——这些尿可以包含一系列化学信号。）”以及

这个实验过程可知，ConnieAllen和同事们通过测试大象对路边大象尿液的感知能力来进行

研究，最终发现，大象可以利用尿液的气味进行远距离活动，由此可知，嗅觉对大象的远距

离活动尤为重要。画线词olfaction的含义应为“嗅觉”。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段的"Theywaitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,went

andcollectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetupcamerasonsevenpathswhichthe

elephantsusuallywalkedalong.（他们等大象尿尿,20分钟后去收集这些新鲜的尿样本。然后，

他们在大象通常会走的七条道路上设置了摄像机。）”和第四段的“Next,theyplacedthosepee

samplesalongthepaths.（接下来，他们将这些尿液样本沿着小路放置。）“可知，研究人员在

答案第2页，共11页

野外收集大象尿液样本，在七条大象常走的道路上安装摄像机来观察大象的行为，并把尿液

样本放在路边来了解嗅觉对大象的影响。由此可推知，研究人员是通过野外研究的方式得出

结论的。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeable

touseelephantpeeasadecoy（诱饵）.Ifwecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsare

goingthisway,maybewecanredirectthemawayfromwheretheyarecomingintoconflictwith

humansatIhemoment.（基于这些结果，他们希望环保人士可以用大象的尿液作为诱饵。如果

我们能哄骗大象，让它们以为其他大象正朝这条路走，也许我们就能引导它们离开与人类发

生冲突的地方。）“可知，如果人类可以利用大象的尿液作为诱饵骗过大象，引导大象改变行

进方向，就能避免与人类发生冲突。因此推断研究结果的潜在益处是使人类和大象能够和平

共处。故选D。

4,主旨大意题。综观全文，尤其是第三段中的“especiallyelephantstravellingalone,whichisan

indication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths.（特别是大象独

自旅行，研究人员说，这是一个迹象，气味可能是道路上的路标。）”及第四段中的“Andthey

foundthatforatleasttwodays,passingelephantstrainedtheirtrunksonIhesamples,especially

samplesfrommatureadults,whichisanotherindicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffective

navigationalsignal.（他们发现，在至少两天的时间里，经过的大象用它们的鼻子来训练样

本，特别是来自成年大象的样本，这是另一个迹象，表明气味可能是一种有效的导航信号。）“

可知，本文主要讲述的是行为生态学家ConnieAllen和同事们通过研究发现非洲象根据尿液

的气味进行远距离活动。故选C。

12.B13.C14.C15.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以像刚出生的马一样只用一小时就学会

走路的四条腿的机器人。

12.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“designedahalf-metre-highrobotcalledMortiandgaveitthe

abilitytoteachitselfhowtowalk,ratherthantoperformapre-programmedstep.（设计,了一一个半

米高叫做的Morti机器人，并让它拥有能够教它自己走路的能力，而不是执行预编程的步骤。）”

可知，Morti的特殊之处在于它可以教会自己走路，故选B。

13.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“"TheAI,workinglikethecentralnervoussystem,gives

walkinginstructionsforMortitofollow.Itthenadjuststhembasedonreadingsfromfootsensors

答案第3页，共II页

thatsignalwhentherobotfallsandlosescontactwiththeground.Initially,Mortifallsdown,but

afteraboutanhourtheAIfindsthebestwaytomakeitwalk,“saidRuppert.（Ruppert说道：'这

个人工智能像中枢神经系统一样，它会给Morti发出行走指令。然后，当Morti摔倒，（脚）

和地面失去接触时，它会根据脚传感器的读数调整指令。一开始，Morti会摔倒，但大约一

个小时后，人工智能找到了使Morti行走的最好方式。D”可知，本段强调的是Morti学习

走路的过程，故选C。

14.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“BecausetheAIleamsratherthancalculatingdetailsofeach

leg'smovementinadvance,whichcanusealotofenergy,Mortiwalksusing42percentless

energythanwhenitfirststartsattheendofanhour-longlearningprocess.（因为人工智能学习而

不是预先计算每个腿部运动的细节（这可能会消耗大量的能量），Morti在一个小时的学习过

程结束后，比刚开始走路时少用了42%的能量。）”可知，人工智能的学习能力减少了Morii

的能量消耗。故选C。

15.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DhireeshaKudithipudiatTheUniversityofTexasatSan

AntoniosaidthatAIrobotscanoftenlearnaspecifictaskverywellbutcan'treadjustwhenthe

environmentchangesandthatMorti?sdesign,whichreliesoncontinuallyadjustingtherobot

movements,mayperformbetterinthatregard.（DhireeshaKudithipudi表示，人工智能机器人通

常可以很好地学习一项特定任务，但无法在环境变化时重新调整，Morti的设计依赖于不断

调整机器人的运动，因此它在这方面可能会表现得更好。）”可知，DhireeshaKudithipudi对

Morti应是持肯定的态度的，是支持的，故选D。

16.C17.G18.F19.D20.B

【导语】本文是说明文。本文以美式英语中的airplane和英式英语中的aeroplane在拼写上

的差异为例介绍了英美语言中拼写差异的形成原因。

16.根据空前的"However,ifyou'veeverbeenonaninternationalflightleavingtheUnitedStates

andgoingtoanotherEnglish-speakingcountryliketheUnitedKingdom,you'veprobablynoticed

thatthereareafewdifferencesbetweentheAmericanandBritishspellingsofwordswiththesame

meaning（然而，如果你曾经乘坐国际航班离开美国前往另一个英语国家，如英国，你可能会

注意到，具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中有一些不同广可知，英美语言中有一些词

意思相同，但是拼写方式却不同。设空处举例说明具有相同意思的单词在美式和英式拼写中

有一些不同。C项：Thewordt6airplane,,happenstobeanexample（"飞机”这个词就是一个例子）

答案第4页，共11页

合乎题意。故选C。

17.根据上句"Let'slookattherootofthephenomenon.（让我们来看看现象的根源）”可知，本

段主要讲的是airplane和aeroplane拼写方式不同的原因。结合空后的“BritishEnglishhasa

generaltendencytofavourspellingsandwordsthatremindpeopleofFrench,butAmerican

English,whenithasdeviated（背离）fromwhatBritishEnglishdoes,oftenchangesintothe

directionofseeminglessFrench,（英式英语一般倾向于喜欢那些让人想起法语的拼写和单词，

但美式英语一旦偏离了英式英语的特点，往往会朝着看起来不那么法式的方向转变）“可知，

空处内容应涉及英式英语与美式英语和其他语言之间的关系。G项：Alotofwordsinthe

Englishlanguageareborrowedfromotherlanguages,likeLatin,Greek,andFrench（英语中有彳艮

多单词是从其他语言借来的，比如拉丁语、希腊语和法语）合乎题意。故选G。

18.空处为本段主题句。根据空后“"Aeroplane"isnoexception."We'recomfortablewith'aero'

inscientificterms,butasplanesbecamemorecommonthingstotalkabout,the'aero'seemedtoo

fancy,"explainsMurphy.（“飞机”也