高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

必修5Unit1GreatscientistsPart1.Warmingupexplain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.他解释说他是上当受骗了。Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Pleaseexplainthisruletome.请给我讲解一下这条规则。不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I'vegottoexplainaboutit.我得解释一下此事。characteristicn.特征；特性Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.adj.独特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.becharacteristicofsb./sth.是的特性Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.如此迟钝是他的特性。3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?putforward提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨Heputforwardanewplan.他提出一个新计划。MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]putdown记下；镇压 putout关掉；熄灭putaside放在一边；储存；保留 putoff推迟；延期putup建造；举起；张贴 puton穿上putaway收好选词填空（putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout）①Theplanthatyou_____atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____alongtheroad.③Firefightershavebeencalledto_____thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.⑤Don’t_____untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearchhowtoproveanewidea为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.我们还没有决定去哪里。Thequestioniswhentoleave.问题是什么时候动身。2.drawaconclusion得出结论conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2）conclude作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。toconclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(=tosumup)Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.3）JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。3.expert① n. 专家，能手anexpertinpsychology（心理学）anagriculturalexpert②adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的anexpertjob需专门知识的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.attendvt.&vi参加，注意，照料①bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾，看护Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending（on）her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto处理，注意倾听 Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。(1)exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。(2)expose①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。②揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，显露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局练习：Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。①Ineitherknewnorcaredwhathadhappenedtohim.我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。②NeitherFrancenorBritainwillattendthemeetingnextweek.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。③NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.＝NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。cure vt.治疗,治愈,改正n.治疗,治愈,治疗法Heisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人13.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。linkvt.连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽带14.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。15.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。announcevt.(1)宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itisannouncedthat...据宣布…Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.据官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。(2)(事情)显示……；预告Thebrightflowersannouncedthatspringwashere.鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。[拓展延伸]announcementn．宣布；口头通知announcern.播音员makeanannouncement下通知16.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.或keep...fromdoingsth.意为“阻止……做某事”①Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？②Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。examinev.检查；细查；诊察;审问；盘问Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwithhim.Thelawyerexaminedthewitness.examinationn.考试；检查；细查takeanexamination参加考试medicalexamination体检underexamination在检查中；在审查中17.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.“霍乱王”终于被击败了。[辨析]win,beat与defeatwin“赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Part3.LearningaboutLanguagetakein收留；包括take相关短语：takeafter相似takeapart把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散

takeaway拿走takeback承认说错了(话),收回(诺言,话语)；使回忆起；送回,还回去;退(货)

takeoff脱下,脱去(尤指衣服);解(拿)掉--puton(反义词)；(飞机等)升空,起飞takeon雇用；开始具有/呈现(某种品质、面貌等);露出；接受(工作等);承担(责任等)

takeout带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等)；正式取得,领得,获得；洗去(污迹),使褪色

takeover接手,接任;接管

takeup开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣;开始学习(某课程),选修；(事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间)；接受……的建议；继续

take…forgranted想当然认为(会是某种情况),认为……是理所当然的;认