精选04劳动力与就业问题-2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选

2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选精选04劳动力与就业问题热点介绍热点介绍1就业是最大的民生，关系到千家万户的生活。我国有14亿多的人口、9亿劳动力，解决好就业问题，始终是经济社会发展的一项重大任务。党的十八大以来，按照党中央决策部署，各地区、各部门紧紧围绕实现更加充分更高质量的就业目标，深入实施就业优先战略，丰富发展积极的就业政策，持续强化就业优先导向，在我国经济下行、外部环境复杂严峻的情况下，就业局势保持总体稳定，在14亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分的就业，成为民生改善、经济发展的重要支撑。十年来，我国城镇新增就业年均超1300万人，十年累计实现城镇新增就业1.3亿人。数据显示，2014年城镇就业人员比重首次超过乡村，我国城乡就业格局已经发生历史性改变，2021年城镇就业人员占比达到62.7%，比2012年提高了13.8个百分点。与此同时，中西部地区劳动力就近就地就业和返乡创业趋势明显，许多市县由劳务输出地变成了劳务输入地，“就业不再去远方，家乡就是好地方”成为务工新潮流，区域就业结构更趋均衡。十年来，高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员等重点群体就业平稳。重点群体稳，就业大局稳。在高校毕业生人数连年增长的情况下，实现了8000多万高校毕业生总体就业水平保持稳定。农民工总量从2012年的26261万人增至2021年的29251万人。累计促进失业人员再就业5501万人,帮扶困难人员就业1768万人。值得注意的是，党的十八大以来，就业扶贫发挥了巨大功效。在脱贫攻坚战略实施期间，90%以上建档立卡贫困人口得到了产业扶贫和就业扶贫支持，三分之二以上主要靠外出务工和产业脱贫。我国累计建设扶贫车间32688个，吸纳贫困人口家门口就业43.7万人，全国外出务工贫困劳动力将近3000万人。每一份工作的背后，都连接着一个家庭的幸福。党的十八大以来，就业在推动经济社会稳定协调发展方面发挥了积极作用，无论是城镇登记失业率，还是城镇调查失业率，都保持在较低水平。即使面临经济下行压力加大、中美贸易摩擦和新冠肺炎疫情等各种内外部因素的冲击，我国的劳动力市场依然表现出较强的韧性。（来源：光明网，2022年09月13日）题型精选题型精选2序号题型主要内容1阅读理解在家办公成为常态后的影响2阅读理解美国零售行业员工辞职去寻求新工作的利弊3阅读理解自动化在农业中的应用对农业及劳动力的影响4阅读理解人的教育经历对工作及收入的影响5阅读理解“懒惰”往往能驱动我们进行创新6阅读理解市场调节劳动力短缺问题7阅读理解NBA巨星KevinDurant的母亲的金钱观教育8七选五直播销售的现状以及对农村产业的发展的优势9完形填空一战后美国南方黑人涌入北方工业城市的原因及影响一、阅读理解1（2022·湖南·高三阶段练习）Asmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitifworkingfromhomebecomesthenorm?Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.Unlessemployeesarefullycompensated,thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasitic(变异的)capitalism,wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic-andnowpersonal-realm,ratherthanongeneratingnewvalue.Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsandofficeequipment.Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontreal.Theexerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmofmeaningfuldiscussion.Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilarvaluetothecompensationworkersshouldreceiveforsettingupofficesathome.Whatdoesthismeanforofficesincities?Oneoftwothingsmayhappen:Employerspassthesecostsontoemployees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation(侵占),withemployeesabsorbingproductioncoststhathavetraditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.Thisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeestoemployers.Whenemployeesareproperlycompensated,employers’realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatization(适应环境)ofnewemployees-willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkingfromhome?A.Itwillbecomethenormsoonerorlater.B.Itrequiresemployeestoadaptpromptly.C.Itbenefitsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.D.Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastructure.2.Whydosomepeopleopposeworkingfromhome?A.Itdiscouragesteamspirit.B.Itunderminestraditionalvalues.C.Itinvadesemployees’privacy.D.Itnegativelyimpactsproductivity.3.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMontreal?A.Toprovideconvincingdataforseriousdiscussion.B.Toillustratetheongoingchangeinworkingpatterns.C.Toshowtheimpactofremoteworkingonproductivity.D.Toexemplifyhowremoteworkingaffectstheeconomy.4.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononworkingfromhome?A.Itshouldbeavoidedifpossible.B.Itisonlyatemporarymeasure.C.Itcanreducecompanies’realestatecosts.D.Itmayaffectemployees’corporateloyalty.【答案】1.C

2.D

3.A

4.A【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是如果在家办公成为常态，谁会受益。1.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.(雇主们辩称，当员工从办公室转移到家庭工作时，他们可以在房地产方面节省相当多的资金。然而，这些节省来自于将成本转嫁给工人)”可知，在家工作以牺牲员工的利益为代价让雇主受益。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.(尽管雇主们得到了远程工作倡导者的一致支持，但也有人指出了远程工作带来的孤独感、生产力下降和效率低下)”可知，有些人反对在家工作是因为这会对生产力产生负面影响。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的“Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontreal.(这还意味着要有专门用于工作的私人空间：这些空间必须有暖气、清洁、维护和费用。这取决于很多因素，但为了说明，我对蒙特利尔进行了一些估算)”可知，作者要对蒙特利尔进行估算是为了为严肃的讨论提供有说服力的数据。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatizationofnewemployees-willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.(如果节省的成本不多，那么在办公室工作的许多优势——比如活跃的氛围、快速的沟通、团队建设和新员工的适应能力——将鼓励雇主搁置远程工作的想法，并像2013年的雅虎一样，鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公空间工作)”可知，作者对在家工作的看法是如果可能的话，应该避免这样做。故选A。2（2022·柳州高级中学模拟预测）Atfirstglance,itlookslikeasmallrevolutionishappeninginretail(零售)inAmerica.Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggestnumberinover20years.Drivenbyacombinationoflowwages,COVID-19risks,andharassment(烦扰)fromcustomers,manyareleavingtheirretailjobsbehindinsearchofsomethingdifferent.Evenbeforethepandemic,alotofretailjobsweren’tgoodjobs.In2017,thetypicalpayforfull-timeworkersinthesectorwaslessthan$33,000ayear,notenoughtoliveoninmanyplaces.Andunpredictableschedulesleftmanyworkersscramblingtoarrangechildcareortransportationatamoment’snotice,neversureifthey’dgetenoughhourseachweektopaytheirbills.Jobsintheindustrywerelargelyconsideredtemporaryjobswithlowstatusandlowpay.Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,asemployeesatgrocerystoresandbig-boxretailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothersshelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystoreworkershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeeninfectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryasawholearelikelymuchhigher.Thentherearethecustomers.Harassmentandrudenessareafactoflifeinmanyretailjobs,evenundernormalconditions.Customerswouldoftenyellatgroomersoverthingslikenotbeingabletoprovideacertaincutorserviceforadog.Retailworkerswhohaveconcernsabouttheircurrentjobsmayalsohavemorechoicesthanbefore.Withtheeconomyreopeningandmanybusinesseslookingtohire,there’sademandforlaboracrosssectors.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs—wagesacrossindustrieshaven’tmeaningfullyrisen,meaningworkerswhoquitaren’t,asawhole,makingmoremoney.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,fornow,isn’tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.Overall,it’snotclearthatthelargenumberofworkersquittingreallymeanstheyhavemorepowerintheeconomy-powertodemandnotjustanewjobbutonewithhigherpay,betterconditions,andfairertreatmentfromcustomersandmanagersalike.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Alotofretailworkersresigntheirjobs.B.TheretailindustryinAmericaispromising.C.Manyworkersquitjustbecauseoflowpay.D.ThecustomersinAmericaarereallyannoying.6.Whatmainlymadetheretailjobsmoredifficultduringthepandemic?A.Workershadfewerjobopportunities.B.Workers’lifesafetywasindanger.C.Mostoftheretailjobsweretemporary.D.Workersreceivedmoreharassmentfromcustomers.7.Whatisauthor’sopinionaboutthephenomenoninretail?A.Hethinksitrequirespublicattention.B.Hearguesithasimproved.C.Hebelievesitapositivedevelopment.D.Hesupposesitmaynotbringgoodresults.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Doyouwanttofindabetterjob?B.Doesthepandemichittheretailjobs?C.Doesanewjobmeanabetterjob?D.Weretheretailjobsgoodornot?【答案】5.A

6.B

7.D

8.C【解析】本文是说明文加议论文，文章描述了美国零售行业发生的一些变化，许多员工辞职去寻求新工作，但作者认为新的工作并不意味着是一份更好的工作。5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggestnumberinover20years.”（今年4月，该行业有近65万名员工辞职，这是20多年来的最大数字。）可知，零售行业的许多员工在4月辞职了。故选A。6.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,asemployeesatgrocerystoresandbig-boxretailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothersshelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystoreworkershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeeninfectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryasawholearelikelymuchhigher.”（然后，当疫情袭来时，这些工作也变得危险，因为杂货店和塔吉特(Target)和沃尔玛(Walmart)等大型零售商的员工不得不亲自工作，而其他人则待在家里。少有158名杂货店工作人员死于COVID-19，至少有35,100人被感染或接触过，整个行业的数字可能要高得多。）可知，员工要在新冠疫情期间外出工作，生命安全没有保障。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs—wagesacrossindustrieshaven’tmeaningfullyrisen,meaningworkerswhoquitaren’t,asawhole,makingmoremoney.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,fornow,isn’tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.”（随着经济重新开放，许多企业寻求招聘，各行各业都对劳动力有需求。但这并不一定意味着他们找到了更好的工作——各行各业的工资并没有明显提高，这意味着辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员工可能有更多的选择，但这并没有转化为更好的选择。）可知，作者认为换一份新工作不一定会有好结果。故选D。8.主旨大意题。根据文章大意，美国的零售行业发生了一些改变，很多员工辞职去找寻新的工作，但作者认为辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员工可能有更多的选择，但这并没有转化为更好的选择，所以这并不意味着是一份更好的工作。因此，选项C“一份新工作是否意味着一份更好的工作?”为最佳标题。故选C。3（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）Whenpeoplethinkoffarmingtoday,theyusuallypictureatractor(拖拉机)ratherthanhorsesinthefarmland.That’sbecausetractorsthatreliedonenginesrevolutionizedfarminginthelate1800s.Nowanewtypeoftractorcandothesameinthe21stcentury.Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepushforinnovationisfedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulation.Autonomoustractorsmaybethekeytosolvingthischallenge.Theycanbeusedtocarryoutlabor-intensivefarmingwhileallowingfarmerstodootherwork.Abigplusisthatitcanincreasecropoutputwhilereducingcostsbecausetheautonomousmachinescanworkinallweatherconditionswithoutanyrest.Partofpushforautomationisashortageoffarmworkersduetopeople’sdesiretohavehigherpayingjobswithbetterworkconditions.FarmownersarecompetingagainstcompanieslikeAmazonandrestaurantsthatareraisingwagestoattractworkers.“Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,”saidDavidSwartz,aprofessoratPennStateUniversity.Manybelievethetimeisripeforanautonomousrevolutionbecauseroboticsisalreadyinuseinagriculture.OnecompanythatisworkingtobringautonomoustractorsintomainstreamfarmingisBlueandWhiteRobotics,anIsraeliagriculturaltechnologycompany,whosemissionistomakeafullyautonomousfarm.ThecompanyreleasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcanbefixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludescameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.BlueandWhite’skitisbeingusedbyWestCoastgrowersintheUS.Itmaysooncometoafarmnearyou.9.WhatcontributestotheagriculturalrevolutionaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Theurgetofeedmorepeople.B.Theextremeweatherconditions.C.Theneedtoreducefarmingcost.D.Thedesireforautomaticfarming.10.WhatisSwartz’sattitudetoautomation?A.Critical.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBlueandWhite’skit?A.Ithasbeenwidelyused.B.Itcanbemadeinmanyfirms.C.Itcanimprovesafetyoftractors.D.Itwilldetectthewayoffarming.12.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AutomationIsTransformingAgricultureB.BigCompaniesAreMakingADifferenceC.DriverlessTractorsAreWorthInvestingD.TraditionalFarmingIsFallingoutofDate【答案】9.A

10.C

11.C

12.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业。9.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepushforinnovationisfedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulation.(在过去的几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化。为不断增长的世界人口生产更多粮食的需求推动了创新。)”可推断，因为世界人口的增长，需要生产更多的粮食来养活更多的人，这促成了农业革命。故选A。10.推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,”saidDavidSwartz,aprofessoratPennStateUniversity.(宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授DavidSwartz说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定。”)”可知，DavidSwartz认为自动化是合理的决定，所以推断DavidSwartz支持自动化。故选C。11.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ThecompanyreleasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcanbefixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludescameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.(该公司在2021年2月发布了一款自动拖拉机套件，可以安装在任何现有的拖拉机上。这套装备包括摄像头检测、速度控制以及防碰撞系统。)”可知，BlueandWhite’skit包含侦测摄像头、速度控制以及防撞系统，由此推断BlueandWhite’skit能够提高拖拉机的安全性。故选C。12.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.(在过去的几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化。)”及第三段““Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,”saidDavidSwartz,aprofessoratPennStateUniversity.(宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授DavidSwartz说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定。”)”可知，自动化正应用在农业中，并改变农业。所以文章的标题应是“AutomationIsTransformingAgriculture(自动化正在改变农业)”。故选A。4（2021·重庆巴蜀中学高三阶段练习）Doestheamountofeducationyou’vecompletedimpactthemoneyyouearnduringyourworkingyears?Theshortanswerisyes.Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,thehigheryoursalary.Butthere’smoretothestory.Let’stakeadeeperlookintohoweducationaffectsincome,jobsecurity,benefits,andretirement.TheU.S.BureauofLaborandStatisticsrecentlypublisheddataabouteducationlevelsandincome.Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannualsalary(about$31,000),andhavethegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhighschooldiploma,they’dhavethepotentialtoearncloseto$8,000moreperyear.Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourseworkisbetterthanhavingnocollegecreditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannualearningsby$5,000overhavingahighschooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,asexpected,comeswhensomeonegoesfromhavingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor’sdegree,whichisabouta$26,000increaseannually.Thereareseveralotherbenefitstoobtainingacollegedegree.TheLuminaFoundationreportsthatemployeeswithbachelor’sdegreesare47%morelikelytogethealthinsurancecoverage.Also,CBSNewsfindsthatthosewithbachelor’sdegreesaremorelikelytoworkpastthetypicalretirementageandretirelater.Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosaveforretirement,andincreasetheireventualSocialSecuritybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthemintellectuallychallenged,engagedwiththeworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.Thebottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat’sjustonepartofthestory.Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityinretirement,andevenamorefulfillinglife.13.Whatistheaverageyearlyincomeofpeoplewithbachelor’sdegrees?A.About$70,000.B.About$65,000.C.About$44,000.D.About$39,000.14.Whichlevelofeducationisanunexpectedsalarybooster?A.Nohighschooldiploma.B.Ahighschooldiploma.C.Somecollegebutnodegree.D.Abachelor’sdegree.15.Inwhatwaycanlateretirementbenefitus?A.We’llliveamorefulfillinglife.B.We’llreduceourlivingexpenses.C.We’llenjoyincreasedjobsecurity.D.We’llinvestoursavingsmorewisely.16.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tostressthebenefitsofsecurejobs.B.Topromoteawarenessofincomegaps.C.Toillustratetheimportanceofeducation.D.Tointroducetheimpactsofschoolsystems.【答案】13.B

14.C

15.A

16.C【分析】本篇是说明文。文章阐述了人的教育经历对其工作的收入、稳定程度、其他福利、退休年龄等方面的影响。13.细节理解题。根据第二段“Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannualsalary(about$31,000),andhavethegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhighschooldiploma,they’dhavethepotentialtoearncloseto$8,000moreperyear.(毫不奇怪，没有高中文凭的个人年薪最低（约31000美元），失业风险最大。但如果他们继续获得高中文凭，他们就有可能每年多赚近8000美元)”和第三段“Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,asexpected,comeswhensomeonegoesfromhavingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor’sdegree,whichisabouta$26,000increaseannually.(但正如预期的那样，年薪增长潜力最大的是，当一个人从高中毕业到获得学士学位，每年大约增加26000美元)”可知，拥有学士学位的人的平均年收入是31,000美元＋8000美元＋26000＝65000美元。因此，拥有学士学位的人的平均年收入是B项“About$65,000.(大约65000美元。)”符合题意，故选B项。14.细节理解题。根据第三段第一二句“Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourseworkisbetterthanhavingnocollegecreditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannualearningsby$5,000overhavingahighschooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.(令人惊讶的是，完成一些大学课程总比没有大学学分要好。有了大学但没有学位，一个人的年收入可以比仅仅拥有高中文凭增加5000美元，他的工作保障也会有所增加。)”可知，上过大学但未获得学位的大学教育经历对薪水的提升让人意外。因此，意外的加薪因素的教育水平是C项“Somecollegebutnodegree.(有些大学，但没有学位。)”符合题意，故选C项。15.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosaveforretirement,andincreasetheireventualSocialSecuritybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthemintellectuallychallenged,engagedwiththeworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.(65岁以上工作的人有更多的机会为退休储蓄，并增加他们最终的社会保障福利。此外，超过典型退休年龄的工作使他们在智力上受到挑战，与世界接触，与朋友和同事保持联系。)”可知，延迟退休可以让人们有更多的机会储蓄、提高人们的社保福利，还能让老年人在工作状态中保持思考、与世界相连、与朋友和同事保持联络，总的来说，延迟退休能让人的生活更加满意。因此，延迟退休对我们有什么好处是A项“We’llliveamorefulfillinglife.(我们会过上更充实的生活)”符合题意，故选A项。16.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,thehigheryoursalary.(一项又一项研究表明，受教育程度越高，你的工资就越高。但故事还有很多。)”以及最后一段“Thebottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat’sjustonepartofthestory.Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityinretirement,andevenamorefulfillinglife.(归根结底，教育确实会影响你的潜在收入。但这只是故事的一部分。更多的教育还可能带来更高的工作保障、更好的医疗保障、更高的退休保障，甚至更充实的生活)”可知，本文主要说明了受教育程度对个人收入、福利等等影响巨大。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“Toillustratetheimportanceofeducation..(说明教育的重要性)”符合题意，故选C项。5（2022·天津·高三专题练习）In1910,theLosAngelesTimesranastoryaboutaboywhowaschargedwithopeningavalve(阀门)onawaterpumppoweredbyasteamenginetoreleasethebuilt-uppressure.Hiswholejobconsistedofstaringatthesemachinesallday,whichwasincrediblyboring.The“lazy”boytheninventedareleaseforthepumptorunjustasitshouldandwonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasborn.Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy’sbehaviorreflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoftensearchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessandsavetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandriveinnovation.Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothisinsight,changingourperspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeencreditedwithaquote:“Ialwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasywaytodoit.”Ourbrainsarebornforlaziness.Comparedwithourancestorswhohadtoconserveenergytocompeteforfood,fleefrompredators,andfight,wenowdon’ttakesurvivalasadailyissue.Itseemsnaturalthatwewouldchoosetobe“lazier”,buttheoppositehasoccurred.AccordingtotheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,Americanssleeplessandworkmorethanweusedto;productivityperworkerhasgoneup400percentsince1950.Ourcultureteachesusthatourworthdependsonhowindustriousweare,soweworkevenhardertoproduceevenmore.Butthere’sonebigparadox(悖论),sadbuttrue:Theharderwework,thelessproductiveweare.Whendemandincreases,wetendtopushharder.Yetthetroubleisthat,withoutanyrefreshandrecharge,wearelessefficient,makemoremistakes,andgetlessengagedwithwhatwe’redoing.Therefore,howcanwemakeourlabormoremeaningfulandourlivesmorefulfilling?Currentresearchinpsychologyandneurosciencepointstoanewunderstandingofthevalueofthewanderingmind.Takingbreaksandallowingyourthoughtstodriftcanhelpyourbrainretaininformation,refocus,andgainfreshperspective.Here’sthecoreproblem:Whenthetimefinallycomestoputourfeetup,weoftendon’tknowhow.Wehavelittletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthewordsofpoetMaryOliver,“idleandblessed.”17.Theauthortellsthestoryinparagraph1toprove______.A.thekidneedspunishingB.boredomenhancesproductivityC.creativitycontributestolazinessD.lazinessinspiresnewideas18.Howdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninthethirdparagraph?A.Bylistingsomenumbersofbeinglazy.B.Byquotingsomegreatfigures’words.C.Bymakingacomparisonbetweentwogreatfigures.D.Bygivingexamplesofhowtobecreative.19.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Peoplenowadaysdon’thavetofacepoverty.B.Modernsocietyhonorscreativity.C.Americanslivesapoorerlifethanbefore.D.Ancestorsconsiderindustryasavalue.20.Whichofthefollowingideawilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Working24-7withatightschedule.B.Takingthreepart-timejobstofillweekends.C.Watchingastand-upcomedyafterabusyweekday.D.Attendingaformaldinnerwithbusinesspurpose.21.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.A.comparethepreviousunderstandingofidlenesstothenewB.persuadepeopletogiveupthevalueofhardworkC.criticizetheirresponsibleattitudetowardslifeD.encouragepeopletokeeprefreshedforbetterworkandlife【答案】17.D

18.B

19.D

20.C

21.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了一个新颖的观点：“懒惰”往往能驱动我们进行创新。17.推理判断题。根据第一段的“The“lazy”boytheninventedareleaseforthepumptorunjustasitshouldandwonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasborn.(这个‘懒惰’的男孩发明了一种能让水泵正常运转的装置，赢得了自由。第一台自动蒸汽机诞生了)”和第二段“Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy’sbehaviorreflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoftensearchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessandsavetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandriveinnovation.(这个故事可能是虚构的，但这个男孩的行为反映了一个更深层次的事实。当我们感到懒惰时，我们经常寻找更简单的方法，试图更新流程，节省时间和精力。换句话说，懒惰可以推动创新)”推知，第一段提到这个男孩的故事是为了证明懒惰激发新想法，即懒惰可以推动创新。故选D。18.推理判断题。根据第三段“Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothisinsight,changingourperspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeencreditedwithaquote:“Ialwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasywaytodoit.”(近年来，一些心理学家和商界领袖认识到了这一点，改变了我们对懒惰真正含义的看法。BillGates和WalterChrysler都曾说过一句话：‘我总是选择懒惰的人去做困难的工作，因为懒惰的人会找到一种简单的方法。’)”推知，作者通过引用一些伟大人物的话来支持他的观点。故选B。19.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Ourcultureteachesusthatourworthdependsonhowindustriousweare,soweworkevenhardertoproduceevenmore.(我们的文化告诉我们，我们的价值取决于我们有多勤奋，所以我们更加努力地工作以生产更多的东西)”可知，我们的文化告诉我们，我们的价值取决于我们有多努力、生产了多少东西。由此推知，祖先们认为勤劳是一种价值。故选D。20.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Takingbreaksandallowingyourthoughtstodriftcanhelpyourbrainretaininformation,refocus,andgainfreshperspective.(休息一下，让你的思想游离一下，可以帮助你的大脑记住信息，重新集中注意力，获得新的视角)”和最后一段的“Wehavelittletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthewordsofpoetMaryOliver,“idleandblessed.”(我们几乎没有受过如何闲着的训练。但至少试一试。也许这周，注意到你一天中的一些休息时间，日历上的一些空白。不要用更多的工作填满空间，只要坐在沙发上，用诗人MaryOliver的话来说，‘悠闲而幸福’)”可知，作者认为我们应该适当休息，不要让工作把日程填满，偶尔让思想游离，这样有助于记忆和重新集中精力。由此推知，作者可能会同意C项“在繁忙的工作日后看单口喜剧”。故选C。21.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了一个新颖的观点：“懒惰”往往能驱动我们进行创新。结合最后一段的“Wehavelittletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthewordsofpoetMaryOliver,“idleandblessed.”(我们几乎没有受过如何闲着的训练。但至少试一试。也许这周，注意到你一天中的一些休息时间，日历上的一些空白。不要用更多的工作填满空间，只要坐在沙发上，用诗人MaryOliver的话来说，‘悠闲而幸福’)”推知，作者写作本文的目的是鼓励人们为了更好的工作和生活适当休息，以保持精力充沛。故选D。6（2022·北京·高三专题练习）Theterm"laborshortage"wasGoogledmoreinMay.Headlineafterheadlinehascitedwagerisesandbonusesthatseemtomakeitajobhunter'smarket.Theconceptsoundssimple—Americancompaniesmustbestrugglingtofindtheemployeestheyneed.Yetsomelaboreconomistswouldarguethepictureisn'tcomplete.Employersareunabletofindtheworkerstheywantatthewagesthey'rewillingtopay.Failingtoappreciatethisdistinctioncouldleadtopolicyerrorsdowntheroad.Thelawsofsupplyanddemandshouldmakespottinglaborshortagesrelativelystraightforward.Whentherearen'tenoughworkers,employerspaymoretogetthemandwagesgoup.Yetquickeningwagegrowthisn'ttheonlymarkofashortage.Thesignisseeingthistrendalongsidestalling（停滞）jobgrowth.Justlookatwhat'sbeenhappeningintheleisureandhotelindustry,amongthemostbruisedbytheCOVID-19shutdown.Afterjobsalmostdisappearedduringthepandemic,we'restartingtoseearebound:InMay,theindustrycreated292,000jobs,faroutpacingothercornersoftheeconomy.Meanwhile,averageweeklyear