专题16有成就之人-备战2022高考英语单元话题语法填空阅读理解读后续写专项突破（人教版2019）

专题16有成就之人Part1语法填空（一）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AheartwarmingletterwrittenbyYuanLongpinghascaughtinternationalattentionastheworldismourning（哀悼）overhispassingaway.In2010,attheageof80,Yuanwrotetheletter1．memoryofhislatemother,HuaJing.Intheletter,2．(name)“TheRiceisRipe,Mom”,YuanlookedbacktotheolddayswithhismotherinAnjiangtownincentralChina'sHunanprovince,3．hismotherwasburiedin1989.“Mom,thericeisripe.Canyousmellit?ItseemsasifyourlaughisstillringinginAnjiang.Icanstillseemysonholding4．(you)handstohelpyouwalkthroughthericefield.”hewrote.Bornina5．(wealth)familyinYangzhou,easternChina'sJiangsuprovince,Huawaswelleducatedandopenminded.ShetaughtYuanEnglishandthe6．(thought)ofNietzsche（尼采）whenhewasveryyoung.Havingneverworkedinthefields,HuamovedtoAnjiangtowntosupporther7．(son)research.“Mom,thericeisripeandIcomebacktoAnjiang8．(see)you.EverytimewhenI9．(be)abletodeliveraspeechtotheaudiencefromaroundtheworldortakeaprizeinmystudy,Ialwaysthoughtofyou.YoumademewhoIam.PeoplesayI'vechangedthewordwithotinyriceseed,butIknowyouhadplantedtheseedinmewhenIwassill10．littleboy,mom.”（二）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesefemalescientistTuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforthe11．(discover)ofartemisinin,whichhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria.Itisbelievedthatitsaves100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.BorninNingbo,Chinain1930,TuYouyouisa12．(commit)andpatientscientist.In1967,somescientistswerechosentoformateam13．theobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,oneof14．wasTuYouyou.Tofindanewtreatment,TuandherteamlookedthroughmanyancientChinesemedicaltextsandevaluated280,000plantsbefore15．(obtain)thepuresubstanceartemisinin.Inspiredbyatextfromthefourthcentury,Tu'steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesandusedtheliquidbyboilingfreshwormwood,16．theydidn'twork.TuYouyourealizedthatthehightemperaturemighthavedestroyed17．(it)medicalproperties.Shetriedusingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteam18．（final)succeededinfindingasubstancethatworked.Afterthedrugshowedpromisingresults,Tuandherteammembersinsistedthatthedrugshould19．（test)onthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.AwardedtheNobelPrize,Tusaid,thehonorwasnotjusthersbuttheteam'sandallthepeopleofhercountry's.Thissuccessisindeed20．honorforChina'sscientificresearchandChinesemedicine.（三）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InApril,Zhejiang’selementaryschoolsmadethesetofTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)textbooksavailabletothepublic,whichwere21．firstoftheirkindinChina,makingtheprovinceapioneerinteachingthesubjectto22．(pupil)inthecountry.With36lessonsforfifth-gradestudentssofar,thetextbooksincludefundamentalknowledgeofTCM.TCM,whichhasmadegreatcontributionstotheprosperityofChina,23．(be)anintegralpartofChineseculture.TCM,withitsuniquediagnosticmethods,longhistoryandremarkableeffects,hasbeenused24．(treat)cancerandotherseriousdiseases.ItiswidelyusedinChinaandisbecoming25．(increasing)popularandrecognizedworldwide.Today26．ofTCMandwesternmedicinearebeingusedinprovidingmedicalandhealthservicesinChina.TCMhasachievedanewlevelinthepreventionandtreatmentofcommondiseases.SincetheCOVID-19pandemic,TCM27．(play)avitalrole.ZhongNanshan,28．hasbeendevotinghislifetomedicine,saidthatTCM29．(combine)withwesternmedicinemadegreatcontributionstothecureforCOVID-19.Accordingtothestatistics,therateofrecoverywasupto90%.30．,it’sthoughtthatthespringofTCMisnotfaraway.Part2阅读理解（一）Whatkindofpeoplecanbecomescientists?Whenagroupofresearchersposedthatquestiontoninth-and10th-graders,almosteverystudentgavesuchresponsesas“Peoplewhoworkhard”or“Anyonewhoseemsinterestedinthefieldofscience.”Manyofthesesamestudentsstruggledtoimaginethemselvesasscientists,citingconcernssuchas“I’mnotgoodatscience”and“EvenifIworkhard,Iwillnotdowell.”It’seasyforthemtoseeascientist’sworkasarisingfromaninborntalent.Butforhighschoolstudents,learningmoreaboutsomestrugglesofscientistscanhelpstudentsfeelmoremotivatedtolearnscience.ResearchersatTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtondesignedaninterventiontochangestudents’beliefsthatscientificachievementreflectsabilityratherthaneffortbyexposingstudentstostoriesofhowaccomplishedscientistsstruggledandovercamechallengesintheirscientificefforts.Duringthestudy,thestudentsreadoneofthreetypesofstoriesaboutAlbertEinstein,MarieCurieandMichaelFaraday.Intellectualstrugglestories:storiesabouthowscientists“struggledintellectually,”suchasmakingmistakeswhiletacklingascientificproblemandlearningfromthem.Lifestrugglestories:storiesabouthowscientistsstruggledintheirpersonallives,suchasnotgivingupinthefaceofpovertyorlackoffamilysupport.Achievementstories:storiesabouthowscientistsmadegreatdiscoveries,withoutanydiscussionofcoexistingchallenges.Researchersfoundthatstudentswhoheardeithertypeof“strugglestories”improvedtheirscienceperformancepost-intervention,relativetostudentsinthecontrolgroup.Theeffectwasespeciallypronouncedforlowerperformingstudents,forwhomexposuretostrugglingstoriesledtosignificantlybetterscience-classperformancethanlow-performingstudentswhoreadachievementstories.Inaddition,studentswhoreadstrugglestoriesreportedfeelingmorepersonallyconnectedtothescientists.Byidentifyingascientist’sstrugglesandintroducingthegrowthmindsetheorsheappliedtoaccomplishgreatworks,thestudentswereabletoempathize(共情)withthescientistsduringtheirownstruggles.31．Whydostudentsfailtoimaginethemselvesasscientists?A．Theylackinterestinscience. B．Theydon’tpossessinborntalent,C．Theyareshortofconfidence. D．Theyhavenoabilitytostudyscience32．What’sthepurposeoftheintervention?A．Tointroducesomeinspirationalstoriestostudents.B．Toexposestudentstoscientists’greatachievements.C．Toensurestudentswillbecomescientistsinthefuture.D．Toclearstudents’misunderstandingsofscientificwork.33．Theunderlinedword“pronounced”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent34．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Scienceabilityhasnothingtodowithefforts.B．Studentsaremoremotivatedbyachievementstories.C．Scientists’strugglestoriescaninfluencereaders’beliefs.D．Low-performingstudentstendtofeelconnectedtoscientists.（二）DonnaStricklandisaprofessorintheDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy.ProfessorStricklandisoneoftherecipients(接受者)oftheNobelPrizeinPhysics2018withGérardMourou,herPhDteacheratthetime.TheypublishedthisNobel-winningresearchin1985whenStricklandwasaPhDstudentattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYorkstate.Togethertheypavedthewaytowardthemostintenselaserpulsesevercreated.ProfessorDonnaStricklandisonlythethirdwomanevertohavewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.SheandherfellowwinnerswerehonoredforwhattheNobelCommitteecalledgroundbreakinginventionsinlaserphysics.ProfessorStricklandfoundawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools.Millionsofeyeoperationsareperformedeveryyearwiththesesharpestlaserbeams."Howsurprisingdoyouthinkitisthatyou'rethethirdwomantowinthisprize?""Well,thatissurprising,isn'tit?Ithinkthat'sthestoryofMariathatpeoplewanttotalkabout—thatwhyshouldittake60years?Therearesomanywomenouttheredoingfantasticresearch,sowhydoesittakesolongtogetrecognized?"Physicsstillhasoneofthelargestgender(性别)gapsinscience.Onerecentstudyconcludedthatatthecurrentrateitwouldbemorethantwocenturiesuntiltherewereequalnumbersofseniormaleandfemaleresearchersinthefield.ThelastwomantowintheNobelPrizeinPhysicswasGerman-bornMariaGoeppertMayerforherdiscoveriesaboutthenucleiofatoms.BeforethatitwasMarieCurie,whosharedthe1903prizewithherhusband,Pierre.Thisyear'swinnershopethatbreakingthishalfcenturyhiatus(间断)willmeanthefocusinthefuturewillbeontheresearch,ratherthanthegenderoftheresearcher.35．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inParagraph2?A．Active. B．Amazing.C．Creative. D．Interesting.36．WhatdoweknowaboutProfessorStrickland'sachievement?A．Shecreatedthemostintenselaserpulsesbyherself.B．Shesupportedequalitybetweenmanandwomen.C．Shediscoveredthenucleiofatomswithherhusband.D．Sheinventedawayofusinglasersascuttingtools.37．WhendidthesecondwomanwinningtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswinthehonor?A．In1903. B．In1958.C．In1963. D．In1985.38．WhatcanbeinferredfromthestatementsinParagraph4?A．Women'sachievementsinphysicsareasgreatasmen's.B．Women'sachievementsinphysicsaremoreandmorefantastic.C．Maria'sdiscoveriesresultedfromherlongtimeresearch.D．Genderinequalitystillexistsinthefieldofscienceresearch.（三）Istartedoutinlifewithfewadvantages.Ididn'tgraduatefromhighschool.Iworkedatmenial(不体面的)jobs.Ihadlimitededucation,limitedskillsandalimitedfuture.AndthenIbeganasking,"Whyaresomepeoplemoresuccessfulthanothers?"Thisquestionchangedmylife.Overtheyears,Ihavereadthousandsofbooksandarticlesonthesubjectsofsuccessandachievement(成就).Itseemsthatthereasonshavebeendiscussedandwrittenaboutformorethantwothousandyears,ineverypossibleway.Onequalitythatmostphilosophers,teachersandexpertsagreeonistheimportanceofself-discipline(自律).AsAlTomsiksummarizedityearsago,"Successistonsofdiscipline."Someyearsago,IattendedaconferenceinWashington.ItwasthelunchbreakandIwaseatingatanearbyfoodfair.TheareawascrowdedandIsatdownatthelastopentablebymyself,eventhoughitwasatableforfour.Afewminuteslater,anoldergentlemanandayoungerwomanwhowashisassistantcamealongcarryingtraysoffood,obviouslylookingforaplacetosit.Withplentyofroomatmytable,Iimmediatelyinvitedtheoldergentlemantojoinme.Hewashesitant(犹豫),butIinsisted.Finally,thankingmeashesatdown,webegantochatoverlunch.ItturnedoutthathisnamewasKopKopmeyer.Asithappened,Iimmediatelyknewwhohewas.Hewasalegendinthefieldofsuccessandachievement.KopKopmeyerhadwrittenfourlargebooks,eachofwhichcontained250successprinciplesthathehadobtainedfrommorethanfiftyyearsofresearchandstudy.Ihadreadallfourbooksfromcovertocover,morethanonce.Afterwehadchattedforawhile,Iaskedhimthequestionthatmanypeopleinthissituationwouldask,"Ofalltheonethousandsuccessprinciplesthatyouhavediscovered,whichdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?”Hesmiledatme,asifhehadbeenaskedthisquestionmanytimes,andreplied,withouthesitating,"ThemostimportantsuccessprincipleofallwasstatedbyThomasHuxleymanyyearsago.Hesaid,'Dowhatyoushoulddo,whenyoushoulddoit,whetheryoufeellikeitornot.'"Hewentontosay,"Thereare999othersuccessprinciplesthatIhavefoundinmyreadingandexperience,butwithoutself-discipline,noneofthemwork."39．WhydidthewriteraskthequestioninParagraph2?A．Becausehewasn'tsatisfiedwithhimself.B．Becausehewasapersonofself-discipline.C．Becausehedislikethosesuccessfulpeople.D．Becausehewantedtosharehisideaonsuccess.40．Whatmadethewriterinvitetheoldergentlemantojoinhim?A．Hisgreatkindness. B．Thegentleman'sfame.C．Hiseagernessforsuccess. D．Thegentleman'shabit.41．Whatarethefourlargebooksabout?A．Personalchanges B．ThesecretofsuccessC．Sayingsofwisdom D．Thegentleman'smanners.42．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheMagicofReading B．AnUnexpectedConversationC．AQuestionthatChangedMyLife D．ThePowerofSelf-disciplinePart3读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Yearsago,inasmallfishingvillageinHolland,ayoungboytaughttheworldabouttherewardsofunselfishservice．Becausetheentirevillagelivedonfishing,avolunteerrescueteamwasneededincaseofemergency.Onenight,thewindsscreaming,afishingboatwasturnedoverbyastrongstormatsea．Thecrew(全体船员)introublesentouttheS.O.Ssignals．Thecaptainoftherescuerowboatteamsoundedthealarm(警报)andthevillagersgatheredinthetownsquareoverlookingthesea．Whentheteamgotontheirrescueboatandfoughttheirwaythroughthewildwaves,thevillagerswaitednervouslyonthebeach,holdinglamps(灯)tolightthewayback．Anhourlater,therescueboatreappearedthroughthefog(雾)andthecheeringvillagersrantogreetthem．Fallingexhausted(精疲力竭的)onthesand,thevolunteersreportedthattherescueboatcouldnotholdanymorepassengersandtheyhadtoleaveonemanbehind．Evenonemorepassengerwouldhavesurelyoverturnedtherescueboatandallthepeopleonboardwouldhavebeenlost．Anxiously,thecaptaincalledforanothervolunteerteamtolookforthesurvivor．Sixteen-year-oldHanssteppedforward．Hismotherheldhisarm,crying,“pleasedon'tgo．Yourfatherdiedinashipwreck(船只失事)10yearsagoandyourelderbrother,Paul,hasbeenlostatseaforthreeweeks．Hans,youareallIhaveleft．”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hansreplied,“Mother,Ihavetogo．________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Afterwhatseemedacentury,therescueboatfinallybrokethroughthethickfog,withHansstandinginthebow(船头),wavingtothewaitingcrowds.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案Part1语法填空（一）1．in2．named3．where4．your5．wealthy6．thoughts7．son’s8．tosee9．was10．a【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了袁隆平写给母亲的信，信中表明了他的母亲对他的影响，以及他表达了对母亲的思念之情。1．考查介词。句意：在2010年，80岁的袁隆平写下一封信来纪念他的母亲，华静。inmemoryof为固定搭配，表示“纪念”，故填in。2．考查过去分词。句意：在这封叫做“妈妈，稻子熟了”的信中，袁回想起在中国湖南省中部的安江镇和母亲在一起的日子，他的母亲于1989年埋葬在安江镇。分析句子结构可知，空处做非谓语动词用来修饰前面的letter，做定语，letter和name是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填named。3．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：在这封叫做“妈妈，稻子熟了”的信中，袁回想起在中国湖南省中部的安江镇和母亲在一起的日子，他的母亲于1989年埋葬在安江镇。分析句子结构可知，“________hismotherwasburiedin1989.”是定语从句，先行词是Anjiangtown，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词，故填where。4．考查物主代词。句意：他写到，“我仍然记得我的儿子牵着你的手来帮你走过稻田”。根据后面的hands可知，空处填形容词性物主代词，用来修饰hands，故填your。5．考查形容词。句意：华静出生在中国江苏省东部的扬州一个富有的家庭，她受到很好的教育并且思想开放。根据后面的family可知，空处用形容词来修饰名词family，故填wealthy。6．考查名词单复数。句意：她在袁很小的时候，教袁英语和尼采的思想。根据句意可知，空处应用名词形式做teach的宾语，thought表示“思想”是可数名词，应用复数形式，故填thoughts。7．考查名词所有格。句意：华静从没下过田，她搬到安江镇来支持她的儿子的研究。根据句意可知，空处表示“儿子的”，应用名词所有格，故填son’s。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：妈妈，大米熟了，我回安江来看你了。根据句意可知，空处是非谓语动词，表示目的，应用动词不定式形式，故填tosee。9．考查系动词和时态。句意：每回当我能对世界各地的观众发表演讲时或者在我的研究中获奖时，我总会想起你。根据句意和主句“Ialwaysthoughtofyou”可知，句子表达的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填was。10．考查冠词。句意：人们说我用小小的大米种子改变了世界，但是我知道当我很小时你就在我内心种下了这颗种子，妈妈。根据下文“littleboy,”可知，此处表示泛指，且little不是以元音音素开头的单词，应用a，故填a。（二）11．discovery12．committed13．with14．whom15．obtaining16．but17．its18．finally19．betested20．an【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国女科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事。【详解】1.考查名词。句意：中国女性科学家屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖，是由于她发现了抗疟新药青蒿素，这种药已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分。根据前面的定冠词the可知，空处是名词，做介词for的宾语，且此处表示特指发现抗疟新药青蒿素，应用单数，故填discovery。

2.考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦于1930出生在中国宁波。她是一个坚定地和有耐心的科学家。根据句意可知，空处是形容词做定语，表示“坚定的”，修饰名词scientist(科学家)，故填committed。3.考查介词。句意：在1967年，一些科学家被选中组成一个团队，目的是发现一种新的治疗疟疾的方法，其中一个科学家就是屠呦呦。根据句意可知，withtheobjectiveof是固定搭配，表示“目的是......”，故填with。4.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在1967年，一些科学家被选中组成一个团队，目的是发现一种新的治疗疟疾的方法，其中一个科学家就是屠呦呦。分析句子结构可知，“oneof__________wasTuYouyou.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是scientists(科学家)，指人，且空处是做介词of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who，故填whom。5.考查动名词。句意：为了找到一种新的治疗方法，屠呦呦和她的团队浏览了许多中国古代医学文献，在获得纯青蒿素之前评估了280000颗植物。空处是做介词before(在......之前)的宾语，介词后面的动词应用动名词形式，所以obtain(得到；获得)应用动名词形式做宾语，故填obtaining。6.考查连词。句意：屠呦呦的团队受到四世纪的一个文献的启发，测试了一堆干艾草叶子，使用煮沸的新鲜艾草液体，但是这些东西没有效果。根据句意可知，前后两句是折关系，应用连词but(但是)，故填but。7.考查代词。句意：屠呦呦意识到高温或许能摧毁药性。由后面的名词properties(特性)可知，空处用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，修饰properties，故填its。8.考查副词。句意：在失败了190次后，这个团队最终成功发现有效果的一种物质。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词形式，finally表示“最终”，故填finally。9.考查被动语态。句意：在这个药显示出有希望的结果后，屠呦呦和她的团队坚持让药物在他们自己身上测试，以确保药是安全的。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词，test(测试)和drug(药)是被动关系，且情态动词should后面应用动词原形，故填betested。10.考查冠词。句意：这次成功确实是中国科学研究何中医的一项荣誉。根据句意可知，honour(荣誉)是可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且honour的发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。（三）21．the22．pupils23．is24．totreat25．increasingly26．both27．hasplayed28．who29．combined30．Therefore/So【分析】本文是新闻报道。今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生中医的先驱。文章介绍了中医的作用和重要贡献。21．考查冠词。句意：今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生这一学科的先驱。序数词first前用定冠词限定，故填the。22．考查名词复数。句意：今年4月，浙江的小学向公众开放了一套中国传统中医(TCM)教材，这是中国的第一个此类教材，使浙江省成为全国教育学生这一学科的先驱。根据句意可知，此处指浙江省的所有小学生，pupil是可数名词，用复数形式，故填pupils。23．考查主谓一致。句意：中医药为中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了巨大贡献，是中华文化的重要组成部分。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时。句中主语TCM是单数，故填is。24．考查不定式。句意：中医以其独特的诊断方法、悠久的历史和显著的疗效，被用于治疗癌症和其他重大疾病。“被用于做某事”是beusedtodo，故填totreat。25．考查副词。句意：它在中国被广泛使用，并在世界范围内越来越受欢迎和认可。修饰形容词popular用副词，故填increasingly。26．考查代词。句意：今天，中医和西医在中国的医疗卫生服务中并举。此处指TCM和westernmedicine两者，“两者都”是both，故填both。27．考查动词时态。句意：新冠肺炎大流行以来，中医药发挥了重要作用。时间状语SincetheCOVID-19pandemic和现在完成时连用，主语TCM是单数，故填hasplayed。28．考查定语从句。句意：钟南山毕生从事医学研究，他说，中西医结合为新型冠状病毒肺炎的治疗做出了巨大贡献。句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是ZhongNanshan，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。29．考查过去分词。句意：钟南山毕生从事医学研究，他说，中西医结合为新型冠状病毒肺炎的治疗做出了巨大贡献。宾语从句中已有谓语动词made，此处用非谓语动词。从句主语TCM和动词combine是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填combined。30．考查副词。句意：因此，人们认为中医的春天已经不远了。上句介绍中医在治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎中起的重要作用，与下句是因果关系，故填Therefore/So。Part2阅读理解（一）31．C32．D33．D34．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即，了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Manyofthesesamestudentsstruggledtoimaginethemselvesasscientists,citingconcernssuchas‘I’mnotgoodatscience’and‘EvenifIworkhard,Iwillnotdowell.’It’seasyforthemtoseeascientist’sworkasarisingfromaninborntalent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C项。32．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“ResearchersatTeachersCollege,ColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversityofWashingtondesignedaninterventiontochangestudents’beliefsthatscientificachievementreflectsabilityratherthaneffortbyexposingstudentstostoriesofhowaccomplishedscientistsstruggledandovercamechallengesintheirscientificefforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D项。33．词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“forwhomexposuretostrugglingstoriesledtosignificantlybetterscience-classperformancethanlow-performingstudentswhoreadachievementstories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lowerperformingstudents(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“Theeffectwasespeciallypronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“显著的；明星的”含义，与选项D“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选D项。34．推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“Byidentifyingascientist’sstrugglesandintroducingthegrowthmindsetheorsheappliedtoaccomplishgreatworks,thestudentswereabletoempathizewiththescientistsduringtheirownstruggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。（二）35．C36．D37．B38．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。【详解】1.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“SheandherfellowwinnerswerehonoredforwhattheNobelCommitteecalledground-breakinginventionsinlaserphysics.”（她和其他获奖者因诺贝尔委员会所称的激光物理学的突破性发明而获奖。）可知，能获得诺贝尔奖一定是创造性的发明。A.Active积极的；B.Amazing令人惊奇的；C.Creative具有创造力的；D.Interesting有趣的。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“ProfessorStricklanddevisedawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools.”（斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法。）可知，她发明了一种利用激光作为精确切割工具的方法。选项D与文意相符，故选D。3.细节理解题。根据第一段中“ProfessorStricklandisoneoftherecipients(接受者)oftheNobelPrizeinPhysics2018withGérardMourou,herPhDsupervisoratthetime.”（斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，当时她的博士导师杰拉德·穆鲁(GerardMourou)也在该奖之列。)可知，斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；第四段中“thatwhyshouldittake60years?”（那为什么要花60年?）和最后一段中“ThelastwomantowinaphysicsNobelwasGerman-bornMariaGoeppert-Mayerforherdiscoveriesaboutthenucleiofatoms.BeforethatitwasMarieCurie,whosharedthe1903prizewithherhusband,Pierre.”（上一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是出生于德国的玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶尔(MariaGoeppert-Mayer)，她因发现原子核而获奖。在此之前，玛丽居里(MarieCurie)和丈夫皮埃尔(Pierre)共同获得1903年诺贝尔和平奖。）由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。选项B与文意相符，故选B。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physicsstillhasoneofthelargestgendergapsinscience.Onerecentstudyconcludedthatatthecurrentratesitwouldbemorethantwocenturiesuntiltherewereequalnumbersofseniormaleandfemaleresearchersinthefield.”（物理学仍然是科学界性别差距最大的领域之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，这一领域的高级男女研究人员人数相等将需要两个多世纪。）可知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。选项D与文意相符，故选D。（三）39．A40．A41．B42．D【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，通过描写作者与一位年长绅士的对话，表达了作者认为自律对于成功有着非常关键的作用的观点。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Istartedoutinlifewithfewadvantages.Ididn'tgraduatefromhighschool.I