说明robot framework学习笔记

简 RobotFrameworkvs.Fitnessevs. 安 使用指 指南（Python 标准测试 nettestlibrary（net库 RobotFramework+ RobotFramework+ 安装 Installation安 Preconditions必备条 Runningthe RobotFramework+ RobotFramework+ RobotFramework与 简 安 Whenusing Whenusing Otheroperating Gettingandrunningthe RobotFramework分布式测 Allcommandline Commandlineoptionsfortest Commandlineoptionsforpost-processing 参考资 easy-to-usetabulartestdatasyntaxandutilizesthekeyword-driventestingapproach.ItstestingcapabilitiescanbeextendedbytestlibrariesimplementedeitherwithPythonorJava,anduserscancreatenew fromexistingonesusingthesamesyntaxthatisusedforcreatingtestcases. IstformandapplicationProvidesacommandlineinterfaceandXMLbasedoutputsforintegrationintoexistingbuildinfrastructure(continuousintegration net,SSH,andso /svn/wiki/publications/QualityMattersQ12009RecentlyIresearchedmanytestingframeworksinordertochooseonetouseatwork.IspentfewdayspracticallytestingthefollowingIchoseRobotFramework.Itisnotperfect,butpromising,extensible,andactivelydevelopedbytheopensourcecommunity.Thefollowingfeaturesmademechoosethisframeworkoverothers:Abilitytousere-Largecollectionofbuilt-Testcasesandsuitesare RobotIDEtestcaseExtendableinPythonandReportingusingHTMLandXMLAllthisgivesasolidbasetoextendandwraparoundinordertocreatestate-of-thearttestingframework.Robotframeworkiseasilyinstallable.Examplesandatonaremorethanenoughtogetautomationengineersandtestersstarted.Itrequiressomelearningandgettingusedto(especiallyRobotIDE)butoncegrasped,creatingtestcasesiseasy.Additionally,new canbesimplyprogrammedinPythonorJython,orcreatedwithexisting (macros).Testsarestartedwithacommandlinetoolandcanbeverysimplyscheduledusingcron.FitNesseframeworkiswidelyusedandpopular,butisnotasextendableasrobotframework.It’satestingwiki.Testcasesarecreatedastablesinwikisandarestartedbyclickingabuttononapage.Theresultsshowupimmediay,butthereisnowaytostorethem.EachtesttablemusthaveacodefixturewritteninJava.OtherlanguagescanbeusedwithahelpofaddtonalFtservers.Beingawiki,FitNessecaotbeusedfoautoaticadoiteactivetestig.AutomationcanbeachievedbyusingcommandlinerunnerorantCucumberisatestingenvironmentthatallowstesterstowrtetestsinaa-specificlanguagebasedonaspokenIt’sbehavior-driven,butallusedsentencesmustbemappedinunderlyingprogramminglanguage(Rubybydefault).It’seasytotranscribeusersstoriesintotestcases,butitrequiresautomatonengineertoworkwithtesterswrtingeverytestcase.Ontheotherhand,it’saveryinterestingandamazingwaytowrteunittests. XML(newinRFThisisalistofpubliclyavailabletestlibrariesthatcanbeusedwithRobotFrameworkbutneedtobeinstalledseparay.Pleaserefertotheindividualprojectpagesforinformationaboutinstallingandusingthem. waretoolasaDatabaseLibrary(Java)-Atestlibrarythatprovidescommonfunctionalityfortestingdatabasecontents.ImplementedusingJavasoworksonlywithJython.How-To:SikuliandRobotFrameworkIntegration-ThisisnotreallyalibrarybuttheseinstructionsexinhowtointegrateSikulitoolwithRobotFrameworkFoundthesealso,mightbeusefultoaddthemaswell(totheexternalIOS Sikuliintegrationlibrarieshereandhere(Thehow-toishelpful,butnotexactlyalibrary.Checkouthereforcodebasedonthehow-to Windows下的一键安装： /p/robotframework/wiki/Installation#OneClick在[PythonDir]\Lib\site-packages\robot\utilsencoding.py文件中，找到def_get_output_encoding():原来的编码是’cp437’将其改成’cp936’(简体中文,gbk)。/hg/doc/userguide/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html?r= D:\AgileTesting\RobotFramework\quickstart /hg/doc/libraries/OperatingSystem.html?r=2.7.7OperatingSystemisRobotFramework'sstandardlibrarythatenablesvariousoperatingsystemrelatedtaskstobeperformedinthesystemwhereRobotFrameworkisrunning.Itcan,amongotherthings,executecommands(eg.Run),createandremovefilesanddirectories(e.g.CreateFile,RemoveDirectory),checkwhetherfilesordirectoriesexistsorcontainsomething(eg.FileShouldExist,DirectoryShouldBeEmpty)andmanipulateenvironmentvariables(eg.SetEnvironmentVariable).

/svn/wiki/publications/testingexperience0109 netisRobotFramework'sstandardlibrarythatmakesitpossibletoconnectto serversandexecutecommandsontheopenedconnections.Thefulllibraryationbyreleaseisfoundbelow.Theationofthelatestminorversion(e.g.2.0.4)isalwaysapplicablewithearlierminorversions.RobotFramework+ AutoItLibraryisaPythonkeywordlibrarythatextendsRobotFrameworkbyproviding basedontheCOMinterfacetoAutoIt,awaretoolforautomatingtheWindowsGUI.IfyouarenotusingActivePython,whichcomeswiththePythonforWindowsextensionssuchas ,thenyou'llneedtoinstallMarkHammond'sPythonforWindowsExtensions.AutoItLibraryinstallsitsownfilesandtherequiredpartsofAutoIt.Toinstall,unzipthedownloadedsourcereleasefileintoatemporarydirectoryonyourPC,openacommandwindowinthatdirectoryandtype:NOTEInWindowsVistaandWindows7youmustdothisinstallationasAutoItLibraryrequires .See需要 RobotFramework+ UsingtestlibrariesimplementedwithJavaorusingJavatoolsinternallyrequiresrunningRobotFrameworkonJython,whichinturnrequiresJavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE).StartingfromRobotFramework25,theminimumsupportedJythonversionis2.5whichrequiresJava1.5(a.k.a.Java5)ornewer.EarlierRobotFrameworkversionssupportalsoJython2.2.InstallingJythonisafairlyeasyprocedure,andthefirststepisgettinganinstallerfromtheJythonhomepage.TheinstallerisanexecutableJARpackage,whichyoucanrunfromthecommandlinelikejava-jarjython_installer-<version>.jar.Dependingonthesystemconfiguration,itmayalsobepossibletojustdouble-clicktheinstaller.RunningRobotFrameworkonJythonusingthejybotstart-upscriptrequiresjythontobeexecutabledirectlyinthesystem.ThismeansthatyouneedtomakesureitisinPATH. JDave‐BDDframeworkforJava InstallationPreconditionsInstallNETFrameworkWehaveonlytestedwiththe4.0seriesbutearlierandnewerversionsshouldworktooassumingyoucaninstallIronPythononthem.（安装,NETFramework4.0）InstallIronPythonWehavetestedwith26.2and2.7releasesbutpossiblenewer2.6.xand2.7.xreleasesoughttoworktoo.(安装IronPython2.7)Installthesourcedistributionofelementtreemodule.Wehaveonlytestedwiththe1.2.7previewrelease,whichshouldhavebetterIronPythonsupportthan1.2.6.SeeInstallingPythonmodulessectionbelowforinstallationinstructions.IfyouareusingIronPython2.6.xwithRobotFramework2.6.3ornewer,installIronPython.Zlibmodule.ThismoduleisincludedintoIronPython2.7soseparateinstallationisnotneededwiththatrelease.InstallingPythonGetandextractthesourcedistributionpackageofthemoduleyouwanttoinstallAlternativelyyoumaybeabletocheckoutthesourcecodedirectlyfromtheproject'sversioncontrol.(elementtree1.2.7previewrelease、robotframework-2.7.7.tar.gz)GototheextractedorcheckedoutdirectoryfromthecommandInstallthemodulewithcommandipysetup.pyinstall.IfyoudonothaveipyinPATH,youneedtouseafullpathtoit.WithIronPython2.6.xyoualsoneedtoadd pileoptionlikeinipysetup.pyinstall RunningtheCreateafileipybot.batasfollows.Makesuretorece[IRONPYTHON_INSTALL_FOLDER]withtheinstallationpathofIronPythononyour::::IronPythonexecutabletoset::Pathto::RunRobotonIronPython%ironpython%%runner%Thisfileemulatesthepybot.batthatcomeswiththeinstallationoftheRobotframeworkonPython.Oncealltheotherfileshavebeencreatedandcopiedtothesamedirectory,runthecommand:ThedemoapplicationisaverysimpleC#classwhosetwomethodssimplyaddtwonumbersandconcatenatetwostrings,spacenamespace{publicclass{publicintAddNumbers(intnumber1,int{returnnumber1+}}publicstringAddStrings(stringstring1,string{returnstring1+""+}}}Asimpletestlibrarythatcaninctwiththeaboveusingthe.NetCLR.Themethods’namesinthatlibrarywillactas fortheRobotimportimportclr.AddReferenceToFileAndPath('Combine.dll')#includefullpathtoDllifrequiredfromTestimportCombineintNum1=int(num1)intNum2=raiseException("Valuesmustbeintegernumbers!")cmb=Combine()total=cmb.AddNumbers(intNum1,intNum2)returnstr(total)cmb=Combine()***Settings***TestCases oShouldBeShouldBeRobotFramework+ SeleniumLibraryisaRobotFrameworktestlibrarythatusesthepopularSeleniumwebtestingtoolinternally.Itprovidesapowerfulcombinationofsimpletestdatasyntaxandsupportfordifferentbrowsers.Inadditiontostandardwebtesting,thelibraryalsosupportstestingAdobeFlex/Flashapplications.SeetheSeleniumLibrarydemoforexecutableexampletestcasesandreports,lookatthelibrary ationforinformationabouttheprovided ,andconsulttheinstallationinstructionsifyouwanttousethelibrarySelenium1vs.SeleniumSeleniumLibraryinternallyusesSeleniumRemoteControllerAPIthatispartofSelenium1.IfyouwanttousethenewSelenium2WebDriverAPI,youshouldlookatSelenium2Librarythatis,formostparts,adrop-in-recementforSeleniumLibrary.Accordingto,theoldRemoteControllerAPIisofficiallydeprecatedinfavorofthenewWebDriverAPI.AsaresultalsoSeleniumLibraryisdeprecatedandnonewreleasesareexpected.NewusersshouldusethealreadymentionedSelenium2Libraryandexistingusersshouldstarttonmigratingtoit. ***SettingsSuiteSetup StartSeleniumServerSuiteTeardownStopSeleniumServer ***TestCases***open 按F8执Pybot SudsLibraryisalibraryforfunctionaltesingofSOAP-basedwebservices.SudsLibraryisbasedonSuds,adynamicSOAP1.1 Thislibraryisinabetadevelopmentstage.SeetheKeywordationformoreinformationaboutusingthepipinstallpipinstall***Settings ***TestCases***CreateSoap${dblarray}= CreateWsdlObject AppendToList ${dblarray.double} ${dbl CallSoapMethod ShouldBeEqualAsNumbers robotframework-httplibraryisaRobotFrameworktestlibraryforallyourHTTPneeds.Ituseslivetest(which,inturnusesthefamouswebtestlibraryunderneath).pippipinstall‐‐upgradeAPIationcanbefoundat /robotframework-httplibrary/,hereisanexampleonhowtouseFollowsaYoucanviewareportandalogofthistestexecutedthatlookslikeRequestsLibraryisaRobotFrameworktestlibrarythatusestheRequestsHTTPYouneedtohaverequestsNOTE:Onlysupportrequests0.9.0orpippipinstall‐Upipinstall‐Um/= Youcaninstallthelatesttrunkby$$sudo$$sudopythonsetup.pyRobotFrameworkPython实现的文档太少了，搞通它得费一番周折。在折腾了一段时间后我终于把它调通顺了，做个记录，也希望能帮助别人迅速解决问题。需要说明的是：我是用的oracle数据库。 .cn/s/blog1 。任何一个RobotFrameworkLibrary基本上都是一个双层结构：外层的皮，实现标准接口供RobotFramework调用；里面的瓤，实现具体的功能，提供API供外层的皮进行封装。 cx_oracle并安装。我选择的是Windowsx86Installer(Oracle10gPython2 2 ，执行setuppy在RideSettinVaLibrTestCaActiArgumentConnectTeConnectToUsingCustom select*fromtable1Log 这样我们就完成了第一个选择table1ConnectToDatabaseUsingCostomParamscx_Oracle这个库，所以第一个参数指定它；第二个参数是连接串用户名，，和要连接的Oracle数据库的本地服务命名（与你oracle\network\admin\tnsnamesora文件中的描述相对应）。cx_Oracle依赖Oracle的客户端环境，这点需要注意。Logcx_OracleUtf-8。需要人工转换一下。DataBaseLibraryDataBaseLibrary进行扩展了。打开安装下的querypy文件，def都做一下decode。例如不能ContentForRowIdentifiedByWhere

‐dblibrary/DatabaseLibrary dblibrary-10jar这个库文件在Oracle的主页的download中找到JDBC的驱动程序 的jdbc子 TestConnecttofor%%jin(*jar)do(call:set_cp%%j)setCLASSPATH=%CP%jybot--outputdir�%--suitestatlevel1gotogoto:eof这个codeSVN SSHLibraryisatestlibraryforRobotFramework.ItenablesexecutionofcommandsonaremotemachineoveranSSHconnection.Italsoofferspossibilitytotransferfilesfromandtoaremotemachine.SSHLibraryworkswithbothPythonandJythoninterpreters,butitrequiresSSHmodulestobeinstalledseparay.WithPythonyouneedParamiko(whichinturnrequiresPyCrypto),andwithJythonTrileadSSHisrequired.Formoreinformationseeinstallationinstructions.WhenusingPythonApreconditionforusingSSHLibrarywithPythonishavingSSHnamedparamikoinstalled.Paramikoitselfhassomeotherrequirementslistedininstallationinstructions(mainlyPyCrypto)andthesemustnaturallybeinstalledtoo.PyCryptobinariesforWindowsareavailableherefor32bitWindowsandherefor64bitWindows.InWindows,paramikohastobeinstalledfromthesourcedistribution,byunzipthedownload,andthenrunningpythonsetup.pyinstallintheunzippeddirectory.WhenusingParamikodoesn'tworkwithJython,butTrileadSSHforJavacanbeusedinstead.TheJARpackagecontainingTrileadSSHtoolmustbefoundfromtheCLASSPATHduringthetestSeeRobotFrameworkuserguideformoreinformationaboutsettingtheenvironmentfortestInstallingSSHSSHLibraryisinstalleddifferentlyonWindowsandonotheroperatingInstallingusingWindowsbinaryinstallerisreallystraightforward,justdoubleclicktheprovidedWindowsinstallerandfollowtheinstructions.OnotheroperatingsystemsSSHLibrarymustbeinstalledusingasourcedistribution.Theprocedureisfollowing:ExtractthesourcedistributionOpenconsoleandgotheresultingRuncommandpythonsetup.pyRootprivilegesmayberequiredforthe ThissimpleexampledemonstrateshowtouseClanguagefromRobotFrameworktestlibraries.TheexampleusesPython'sstandardctypesmodule,whichrequiresthattheCcodeiscompiledintoasharedlibrary.ThisversionisimplementedandtestedonLinux,butadaptingittootheroperatingsystemswouldrequireonlychangingcompilationandnameoftheproducedsharedlibrary.GettingandrunningtheTheexampleisavailableonthedownloadpageasrobotframework-c-example-<date>.zip.Afterdownloadingandunzipthepackage,youshouldhaveallthefilesinadirectoryrobotframework-c-example.Totryouttheexamplefirstrunmakeinthedirectorythatwascreatedwhenyouunzippedthepackage.Thiswillcreatelibraryliblogin.so,asharedlibrarythatisneededtousectypesmodule.TheexampletestscanbeexecutedusingcommandpybotLoginTests.tsv.Allthetestshouldpass.Thedemoapplicationisaverysimpleloginsystem,implementedusingC,thatvalidatesthegivenusernameandpasswordandreturnsthestatus.Therearetwovalidusernamepasswordcombinations:demo/modeandjohn/long.#defineNR_USERS2structUserconstchar*name;conststructUserVALID_USERS[NR_USERS]={"john","long","demo","mode"intvalidate_user(constchar*name,constchar*{intfor(i=0;i<NR_USERS;i++)if(0==strncmp(VALID_USERS[i].name,name,if(0==strncmp(VALID_USERS[i].password,password,strlen(VALID_USERS[i].password)))return1;}return}fromfromctypesimportCDLL,LIBRARY=CDLL('./liblogin.so')#OnWindowswe'dusedefdefcheck_user(username,"""ValidatesusernameandpasswordusingimportedsharedClibrary."""ifnotLIBRARY.validate_user(c_char_p(username),c_char_p(password)):ifname=='main':importsysexceptTypeError:print'Usage:%susernamepassword'%sys.argv[0]exceptAssertionError,err:print'ValidTheifname=='main'blockaboveisnotusedbytheexecutedtests,butitallowsusingthelibrarycodeasatoolformanualtesting.thecommandline.***Settings***TestCaseValidateCheckValidCheckValidLoginWithInvalidUserShouldCheckInvalidCheckInvalidCheckInvalidCheckInvalid***KeywordCheckValidCheckCheckInvalidRunKeywordAndExpectCheck WehavebeenusingRobotFrameworkatmyceofworkforseveraloverayearnowwithmoderatesuccess.Liketheposter,wealsodoC++work.WetooksometimetoevaluateRobotagainstFitnesse/Slimand,atthetime,bothsolutionsweregood,butthedecidingfactorswere(asof~2009):ItwasclearerhowRobotanditsreportswouldscaletolargeItwasn'tobvioushowtoversioncontrolFitnesseFromatechnical,wehavebeenusingSWIGtobridgebetweenRobotandC++.WewrapourtestfixturesinSWIGandlinkitwiththeproductioncodeundertest-givingusapythonmodulethatcanbeimportedbyRobot.Weusethe.txtformatforRobotinputalmostexclusively-we'vefoundthatthisversioncontrolsbetter,it'seasiertoread,andwesimplyweren'tusingtheadvancedfeaturesofHTML(whichiswherewestarted).Inaddition,weareusingthe"BDDStyle"Robotsyntaxaswell.WeuseMockwithsomewrapperstohelpussetexpectationswhicharecheckedduringtheteardownofeachRobottest.Asfarasorganizingthetests,wehavesettledonthefollowingapproach(withinspirationfromDaleEmery'sapproachgivenhere):MajorfunctionalhierarchyisrepresentedbyafolderAfeature-ishsizedthingisdescribedinaRobottestfileAdescriptionofeachpartofthatfeatureisusedattheRobottestcaseAnexampleisgivenasthestepsinthetestTheexampletextisbrokendownintostepsusingRobot ThetestfixturedrivestheproductionForexample,aphonemighthavesomethinglike////***TestCaseAusercandialaUSnumberwithanareacode,upto10GivenGivenaphonewithoutanynumbersExpecttheattemptedphonenumbertobeWhenauserentersthe//Aseparate***Keyword.txtorsomethingGivenaphonewithoutanynumbers Expecttheattemptedphonenumbertobe${phoneNumber}Whenauserentersthenumbers //MakingCallsFixture.cpp(whichgetswrappedby{...Driveproductioncode}//CreateNewDialer,ExpectDialedNumberalsogoWewouldthenpairthisupwithunitteststhatcoverthecornerconditions(e.g.ensurenomorethan10digitsareallowed)-ormaybethatwouldbeanotheracceptancetest(executablespec)dependingonwhoisreadingthetestsandtheirfamiliaritywiththe.Wecreateadraftofthesespecsandreviewwithexpertsandtheteampriortobeginningwork.Thishashelpedflushoutanumberofmisunderstandingsearlyon.参考：RobotFramework /hg/doc/userguide/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html?r=Itisalsopossibletowritetestcasesasrequirementsthatalsonon-technicalprojectstakeholdersmustunderstand.TheseExecutableRequirementsareacornerstoneofaprocesscommonlycalledAcceptanceTestDrivenDevelopment(ATDD).Onewaytowritetheserequirements/testsisGiven-When-ThenstylepopularizedbyBehaviorDrivenDevelopment(BDD).Whenwritingtestcasesinthisstyle,theinitialstateisusuallyexpressedwithakeywordstartingwithwordGiven,theactionsaredescribedwithkeywordstartingwithWhenandtheexpectationswithakeywordstartingwithThen.KeywordstartingwithAndmaybeusedifastephasmorethanoneGivenloginpageisWhenvalidusernameandpasswordareandcredentialsare epageshouldbeIgnoringGiven/When/Then/AndPrefixesGiven,When,ThenandAndaredroppedwhenaresearched,ifnomatchwiththefullnameisfound.Thisworksforboth andlibrary .Forexample,GivenloginpageisopenintheaboveexamplecanbeimplementedasuserkeywordeitherwithorwithoutthewordGiven.Ignoringprefixesalsoallowsusingthesamekeywordwithdifferentprefixes.Forexample epageshouldbeopencouldalsousedasAnd epageshouldbeopen.EmbeddingdataWhenwritingconcreteexamplesitisusefultobeablepassactualdatatokeywordimplementations.User supportthisbyallowingembeddingargumentsintokeywordRobotFramework+JDave‐BDDframeworkforGiven/When/ThenAndExampleTablesUsingtheRobotpybot|jybot|ipybot[options]data_sourcespython|jython|ipypybot|jybot|ipybot[options]data_sourcespython|jython|ipy-mrobot.run[options]data_sourcespython|jython|ipypath/to/robot/run.py[options]data_sourcesjava-jarrobotframework.jar[options]data_sources AllcommandlineThisappendixlistsallthecommandlineoptionsthatareavailablewhenexecutingtestcaseswithpybotorjybot,andwhenpost-processingoutputswith Commandlineoptionsfortest Commandlineoptionsforpost-processingCommandlineoptionsfortestSetsthenameofthetop‐leveltest‐D,‐‐doc<Setstheationofthetop‐leveltestSetsmetadataforthetopleveltest‐G,‐‐settagSetsthetag(s)toallexecutedtest‐t,‐‐testSelectsSelectsthetestcasesbySelectsthetestsuitesbySelectsthetestcasesbySelectsthetestcasesbyTeststhathavethegiventagareconsideredTeststhathavethegiventagarenotSetsindividualSetsvariablesusingvariableDefineswheretocreateoutputSetsthepathtothegeneratedoutput‐l,‐‐logSetsthepathtothegeneratedlogSetsthepathtothegeneratedreportSetsthepathtothegeneratedXUnitcompatibleresultAdebugfilethatiswrittenduringAddsatimestamptoalloutput SplitlogfileintosmallerpiecesthatopeninbrowserSetsatitleforthegeneratedtestSetsatitleforthegeneratedtestS