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【中考阅读】

中考英语阅读主要题型:

2—、阅读理解

绍兴中考细节理解题词义猜测题推理判断题主旨大意题文章标题题(体裁)作者观点排序题

20185171100

20176141210

20163172200

20154171200

从历年中考阅读理解题型中,我们可以看出“细节理解题”和“推理判断题”还是占了绝对的数量,所以我们需要

在解题的时候学会如何定位关键词,找出答案的依据。

题型一,细节理解题

文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。

此类题型多数针对文章的细节涉及而成,其主要的提问方式有:

1.Whichofthefollowingis(not)right?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingare(not)true?/(not)mentionedexcept

4.Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

5.Fromthispassageweknow/canlearn.

因为就议论文和说明文而言,作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后,通常会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它

们。这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字,也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。

阅读理解细节题的套路在哪里呢?

一,强转折和强对比处常考,unlike,but,however,although

攻略:这些词之前不是重点,之后所表述的内容才是重点

二,列举处或举例处常考

歹!J举:first,second,third,finally,firstofall,then,further,furthermore,besides,moreover

Which题型Except题型一文章里面列举的点在阅读的过程中做好标示

举例:fbrexample,forinstance,suchas,as,like,take...asanexample

攻略一一般来说forexample前面的那句话是中心句

三,数字和年代常考

阅读的过程中把事件和年代圈出来

四,最高级和绝对含义常考

never,all,only,no,none,always,must

most,adj.+est,adv.+est

攻略:在阅读的时候把含有绝对化或最高级的那句话标上小红旗,还有要注意一些表达特殊感情的词

细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大,阅读时要特别注意以下几点:

首先,阅读时利用这类关键词和词组thatistosay,aboveall,especially,mainly等,把握文章的思路和脉络。另外,在

问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词least(最不),always(总是),never(永不),all(所有),none(一个也不),any(任何)

和表示唯一性的词汇only(只有),just(仅仅),往往是命题的陷阱,因此要多加注意。

其次,必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据,切忌把臼己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为

一谈。

最后,文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点,此类题目很少是文章中直接列出的数字或日期,通常需要做简

单的计算。

令细节理解题专项训练

Passage1

Teatreeoilcomesfromtheteatree.ThetreeonlygrowsinNorthernNewSouthWalesinAustralia.Wecanfindthiskind

ofoilinthecellsoftheleaves.Peopletherehaveusedtheoilforthousandsofyears.Andtherearestoriesofa“magical

lagoon(神奇的环礁湖)Peoplecanfindteatreeleavesthere.Nowadays,everyfamilyinAustraliahasteatreeoil.Itcan

helpwitheverythingfrombadbreathtoallkindsofskindisease.

1.Teatreecangrowin.

A.AmericaB.AustriaC.Australia

2.WhendidpeopleinNorthernSouthWalesbegintouseteatreeoil?

A.Hundredsofyearsago.B.Thousandsofyearsago.C.Millionsofyearsago.

1.C。从in及选项中三个单词可以看出,要选种植茶树的地方。从本段文字第2句ThetreeonlygrowsinNorthernNew

SouthWalesinAustralia.可以看出,地点是在Australia(澳大利亚),因此对照选项可知选C。应该特别注意的细节是:

B选项Austria拼写相似,但却表示奥地利,是完全不同的两个国家。

2.Bo考查when的细节理解题。查看原文第4句Peopletherehaveusedtheoilforthousandsofyears可知,是在数千

年以前,因此选B。hundred,thousand,million虽一词之差,失之毫厘,谬以千里。

Passage2

Americanboysandgirlslovetowatchtelevision.Somechildrenspendsixhoursadayinschoolandfourtosixhoursaday

infrontofthetelevisionset.SomeevenwatchtelevisionforeighthoursormoreonSunday.

3.SomechildrenspendeighthoursormoreonSunday.

A.studyingB.playingC.watchingTVD.helpingtheirparents

Passage3

Youcancollectstampsfromletters,askyourfriendstoletyouhavetheiroldstamps,oryoucanbuyusedstamps.When

yougetaletterwithastamponit,carefullycutoutthestamp.Leavelotsofspacearoundthestampsothatyouwillnot

damageit.Putthestampinwaterandwaituntilyoucansafelyremovethestamp.Carefullyremovethestampofftheletter.

Placethewetstampbetweentwocleanpiecesofpaper.Astampcangetwrinkled(褶皱的)whenitdries,soputsomebooks

ontop.

4.What'sthecorrectorderwhenwetrytogetastamponaletter?

①Removethestampofftheletter.②Placethewetstampbetweentwopiecesofpaper.

③Cutoutthestamp.@Putthestampinwater.⑤Putsomebooksontop.

A.①一②一⑤一③一④B.③一④一①一②一⑤

C.④一①一②一⑤一③D.③1①一④一②一⑤

4.Bo本题是一个排序题,看似复杂,其实用排除法做,可以省略很多步骤。从文中Whenyougetaletterwilhastamp

onit,carefullycutoutthestamp可知I,首先是把邮票小心地剪切下来,正是③所描述的,所以排除A和C选项。接

下来是Putthestampinwaterandwaituntilyoucansafelyremovethestamp放入水中,正是④所描述的,因此排除D

选项。可以不考虑后面的步骤直接选择B。

Passage4

Ihadthemeanest(最刻薄的)motherinthewholeworld.Whileotherkidsatecandyforbreakfast,Ihadtohaveporridge,

eggsortoast.WhenothershadCokesandcandyforlunch,Ihadtoeatasandwich.ButatleastIwasn'talonewhenIwas

sad.MysisterandtwobrothershadthesamemeanmotherasIdid.

5.Howmanychildrendoesthewriter'smotherhave?

A.Four.B.Two.C.Three.D.Six.

5.Ao题干的特殊疑问词是howmany,文章没有直接点明有几个孩子,但是锁定文章第一段的最后一句Mysisterand

twobrothershadthesamemeanmotherasIdid,便可得知作者有一个姐妹和两个兄弟,最后还要记得把作者计算在内,

这也是很多学生解题时容易忽略的地方,故答案为A。

Passage5

Whenwecutdowntherainforests,wedestroytheseforestpeople,too.In1900,therewere1,000,000forestpeopleinthe

Amazonforest.In1980,therewereonly200,000.

6.ThenumberofthepeoplelivingintheAmazonforestin1980wasofthatin1900.

A.halfB.one-thirdC.two-fifthsD.one-fifth

6.Do由文章可知,1900年时住在亚马逊森林的人的数量是1,000,000,而1980年人数仅为200,000,200,000是

1,000,000的1/5,所以答案为D。

Passage6

Jackisaclerkofabookstore.Hereisthenotefromhisboss,Ben.Jackhastodecidewhatbookstoorderaccordingtothe

followingnoteandthedescriptionsofthebooks.

HiJack,

Youmusthandintheorderlistofbookstomebythefirstworkingdayofeverymonth...

7.Jackmusthandintheorderlisttohisbossby.

A.thefirstdayoflastAugustB.thelastworkingdayofthismonth

C.thelastdayofnextAugustD.thefirstworkingdayofeachmonth

10.Do本题是对具体事实中的时间概念进行设问,但是并不是直接引用文中的句子,而是通过人称、角色的转换而

变相设置考点。句子Youmusthandintheorderlistofbookstomebythefirstworkingdayofeverymonth是老板写给

Jack必须要做的事情,而题干直接询问Jack必须做的事情,因此D是正确答案,提示:不论是题干中的by还是原

文句子中的by都提供了直接获取信息的要素。

题型二,猜测词义题

猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:

1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。

2)运用语法知识进行语法分析。

3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:

1.Theunderlinedword/phrase”…"refersto/means...

2.Theword/phrase"...”isclosestto.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean(inChinese)?

4.Theword/sentence(....)suggests

5.Accordingtopassage,whatis"....''?

6.Whenthewritersaysthat.......,hemeans.

1.复述推测法

根据复述内容来猜测生词的大致意义范围,复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。在复述中两部分之间常用逗号连接,

有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等,也常用or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords等。

Finally,theyalltakeflightandthemigrationreallybegins.Whataspectacularsightitmustbe-thousandsofflamingtaking

offintotheskyatonce!

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spectacular“inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Frustrating.B.Surprising.C.Terrible.D.Fantastic.

【解析】Dothousandsofflamingtakingoffintothesky是对aspectacularsight的解释,很显然,“成千上万的发光发

亮的物体飞上天空”是很壮观的、惊人的,所以正确答案是D。

2.替代、说明、举例推测法

文章的前后文有时会对生词、短语、句子进行解释说明,或用其它词汇替代,或举例进行阐述说明,由此可推断出

其所指含义。

TheteachersalsosaythatiPadsallowstudentstolearnattheirownpace.Somestudentsmightlistentoadialogueonly

onceandunderstandit,sotheycansavetimefordoingotherthings.Otherstudents,however,mightneedtolistentothe

samedialogueagainandagaintounderstandit.UsingiPadsisespeciallyhelpfultostudentswhoarelearningalanguageat

differentpaces.

Whatdoes“attheirownpace”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Accordingtotheirowntimetable.B.Withouttheirteachers9help.

C.Becauseoftheirwonderfulgoals.D.Againsttheirparents9hope.

【解析】Ao后文some...onlyonce,otherstudents...againandagain是对划线短语attheirownpace的举例说明,所

以理解了所举例子的含义,即理解了划线短语的意思。事例说明不同的人理解一段对话需要听不同的次数,可知at

theirownpace是根据自己的timetable决定的,故选A。

3.因果关系法

在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词的词义。常见的标志

词有:because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等。

Morethanjustworkingtolive,Ienjoymakingadifferenceandtryingmybestforthewholeprogress.Iwouldalsoliketo

bewellremuneratedformyhardwork,soIcanleadacomfortablelifewiththishard-wonmoney.ThenIcanprovidethe

bestformyfamily.

Theunderlinedword“remunerated“inthepassagemeans"

A.trainedB.praisedC.acceptedD.paid

【解析】D。由下文so可知,划线单词所在的句子是原因。句意为:因为我也希望努力工作,所以我可以用辛苦赚

来的钱过舒服的生活。故可推断出划线单词意思是“赚钱”、"获得报酬”之意,所以答案选D。

4.代词替代法

代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上,看一看这句话是否合理,与

前后的内容是否一致,然后再判定它是否为正确答案。

【例7:2015年山东滨州卷】

...Ma,aformerEnglishteacher,hasbecometherichestmaninChina.

Bornin1964inHangzhou,Zhejiang,Magrewupasahappykid.Whenhewasateenager,hewantedtoleamEnglish.

Everymorning,hegotupat5am,rodehisbikefor40minutestoahotelneartheWestLakeandtalkedwithforeigntourists

inEnglish.Hediditfornineyears,rainorshine.

Theunderlinedword"it"inthesecondparagraphrefersto.

A.ridingabikeB.teachingEnglish

C.playingoncomputersD.practicingEnglishwithforeigntourists

【解析】D。联系下文rainorshine可知it指一种比较难坚持的活动,联系上文可推断出it指“和外国游客练习英语”

这件事,故选D。此外A选项ridingabike是上一段的内容,多数情况下,代词所指的是前文刚刚提到或紧跟其后

的内容。

5.根据反义词和对比关系猜测词义

有时文中会用一些互为对应、互为反义的词语,来表现事物之间的差异和观点的不同。这时往往会出现转折词but,yet,

while,inspiteof,onthecontrary,insteadof等。

【例9:2015年安徽卷】

Inourdailylife,atypical(典型的)lieforamanis**Ididnotdrinkthatmuch"andforawomanis"Nothingiswrong.I'm

fine/'Itisfoundthatnursesarethemosthonestpeople,whilesalespeopleandpoliticians(政客)arethebiggestliars.

Theunderlinedword"liars“probablymeans"

A.获利者B.说谎者C.影响者D.领导者

【解析】B。联系上文可知,liars是和上文honestpeople相对的一类人,即“不诚实的人”,故选B。此处根据构词

法也可推断出答案,liar是lie的派生名词,即“撒谎的人”。

6.根据构词法判断

英语构词可分为三类:合成、转化和派生词。

(1)合成词通常是把两个或三个词组合在一起构成一个具有不同含义的新词。有些合成了的新词连写,如:basketball;

有些词合成之后,词与词之间要用连字符连接起来,如:well-known»

(2)转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。如:

Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy,(ad.)

Theycleantheirroomeveryday.(v.)

(3)派生是通过在一个词根(root)的前面加前缀(prefix)或在其后加后缀(suffix)构成一个新单词即派生词,如:visit一

visitoro

【例11:浙江湖州卷】

Howdoyoupracticelistening?Herearesomebasicrules:

Turnoffyourcomputer.Thecomputerwilldistractyoufromyourjobathand-listening.

Theunderlinedword“distract“inthe6thparagraphmeans

A.使担忧B.使放松C.使分心D.使冷静

【解析】C。联系上文可知,Turnoffyourcomputer.是练习听力的一条规定。在练习听力时要关了电脑,说明电脑影

响你练习听力,故distract表达不利的“影响”之意,故选C。我们也可根据构词法来判断,dis-是否定前缀,实际上

distract是attract(吸引)的否定词。

题型三,推理判断题

常见命题模式如下:

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetext/thelastparagraph/thefirstsentencethat?

2.Wecaninferthat?

3.Theauthorsuggestsinthepassagethat?

4.Fromthepassage/sentence/theexample,wecandrawtheconclusionthat?

5.Itcanbeinferred(推断)fromthestory.

6.Wecanconclude/learnfromthestorythat.

7.Thepassageiswrittenfor.

8.Thepassagemaybetakenfrom.

9.Howdoestheauthorseemtofeelaboutthisissue?

10.Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?

11.Whatdoesthewriter/sb.thinkofsth?

12.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

此类题型的套路呢?

1.正确选项的特点:

(1)正确选项一般含义比较丰富,具有一定的综合性和概括性;

(2)正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对,而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,

can,could,possibly,probably等;

(3)正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反,要特别注意。

2.干如选项的特点:

(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出的结论;

(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符;

(3)根据常识判断是正确的,然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点;

(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据,但可能推理过头、概括过度;

(5)部分选项的内容纯属编造。

解决此类题要注意:一是与原文相同的细节不能选;二是不能跳出文章做推断。

From:WendyandJackBrown

Date:September22,2014

To:8thand9thgradersatR.L.S.JuniorSchool

Subject:Bonjour!

Bonjour!(ThatmeanshelloinFrench.)

Wehopeyouallhadagreatsummer.Ourswasalotoffun.Wehaveseensomanynewthingsandmetsomany

wonderfulpeople.TheFrenchgaveusawarmwelcomeandhelpedusgetusedtolivingheresoon.Wehavesomany

thingstosharewithallofyou.Wearegoingtosendyoumoree-mails...

Wemissallofyoualot.Writebacktousandletusknowwhatisnewathome.

Aurevoir!(CanyouguesswhatthatmeansinFrench?)

WendyandJackBrown

29.WhatdotheBrownsthinkofFrenchpeople?

A.Friendly.B.Funny.C.Welcome.D.Popular.

【解析】从文章的格式可以看出,这是一封电子邮件,是WendyandJackBrown写给8thand9thgradersatR.L.S.Junior

School的一封信,主要讲述了他们在法国的所见所闻。第29题问到WendyandJackBrown对法国人民的看法,这

就没有固定的答案了,只能从作者叙述的事情以及语气中去判断他们的态度。从第一段Wehaveseensomanynew

thingsandmetsomanywonderfulpeople.TheFrenchgaveusawarmwelcomeandhelpedusgetusedtolivingheresoon.

这两个句子可以看出,他们得到了法国人民的帮助,认为法国人民wonderful,所以可以推测出他们认为法国人民

很友好。C选项具有极强的干扰性,虽然在文中出现了,但是welcome意为“受欢迎的”,用来描述游客是合适的,

而不能用来形容本地人。故选A。

Imagineoneday,thewatertaps(水龙头)inyourhousestoprunning...

Probablynot.Butthat'swhatkidsinYemenareexperiencing...

Becauseoftheshortage,thegovernmentoftencutsthewatersupply(供应).Hannan,an18-year-oldfromLahej,told

Times:"Inagoodweekwe'Hhaveawatersupplyallweek.Butthenthefollowingweektherewillbewateronlyforaday

ortwo.”

Hannansaidonlyrichpeoplehaveenoughwatertouse.Theycanbuywaterfromtheshopsorfromthewatertrucks.

Privatecompaniesownthetrucks.Theytravelaroundthecityeverydaytosellwater-atveryhighprices.t4Alotofpeople

can'taffordit,“shesaid.

Theaverage(平均)personinYemenuses100to200cubic(立方)metersofwaterperyear...

Thegovernmentisthinkingofmakinguseofseawater...

59.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.thepoordon'thavetoworryaboutthewatersupply

B.the18-year-oldboyisfromapoorfamily

C.privatecompaniesmakealotofmoney

D.Lahejisabeautifulplace

【解析】本题可以结合自己对生活的认识进行初步的判断。A选项指出“穷人不需要担心水的缺乏”,从常识来判断,

一但整个社会缺乏水资源,穷人也面临同样的问题,而且穷人相对来讲没有购买力,出路更少,所以可初步推断为

错误的。事实上,文中第四段提到Hannansaidonlyrichpeoplehaveenoughwatertouse,也就是说富人相对不用担

心。B选项是对Hannan的身份的推断,在第三段他说:“Inagoodweekwe'Hhaveawatersupplyallweek.Butthenthe

followingweektherewillbewateronlyforadayortwo.”并且下文中他对富人的指代词用的是they,因此可以判断

Hannan应该是来自一个不太富裕的家庭。本文主要探讨了这个地区缺水的状况,并未涉及到C和D的内容,所以

无法推断出这两项,因此选B。

题型四,主旨大意

这类题往往针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、mainidea(中心思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)来命题。

这类题的解题关键是采用快速阅读法浏览全文,寻找文章的关键词或中心句。关键词即在文中频繁出现的词;中心

句通常出现在文章的开头、结尾部分和各个段落的首尾。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主旨,解答此类题时,

不妨把它作为最后一道来做。主旨大意题常见的提问方式有下列几种:

1.What'sthetopicofthearticle?

2.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

3.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitle/headlineforthispassage?

6.Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.

7.Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell.

大意类:

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Themainideaofthepassageis.

3.Thefirst/second/last...paragraphismainlyabout.

标题类:

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe.

3.Thebestheadlineforthispassagecouldbe.

目的型:

1.Theauthor'smainpurposeisto.

2.Thepassageismeantto.

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.

1.段落大意类

【例1:】

Forjust$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380,10peoplecansee;$1,300helpstrainadoctornewskills;andfor

$13,000youcanprovideatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorswhocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Your

lovecanhelpthemopentheireyestotheworld.

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout.

A.howmuchatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorscosts

B.whyORBISneedsyourhelptocontinuetheirwork

C.whocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain

D.whatyoucandotohelpblindpeopleopentheireyes

【解析】Do段落举出几个例子,说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。A和C选项分别是其中某一•例子,

不能概括全段。B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助,借此呼吁读者,故B选项不正确。

【解题方法】提取关键词。关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现,甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。段落中重复

出现的词语有you,can,help(以及provide,在此表达意义相近)。找到关键词,我们就会发现,该段落的每一句话都

站在读者“你”的角度,以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心,呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。然后再综合四个选项,

只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。

【例2:】

ThomasEdisonlituptheworldwithhisinventionoftheelectriclight.Withouthim,theworldmightstillbeinthedark.

However,theelectriclightwasnothisonlyinvention.Healsoinventedthemotionpicturecameraandover1,200other

things.Abouteverytwoweekshecreatedsomethingnew.

ThomasEdisonwasbornin1847.Heattendedschoolforonlythreemonths.Hismothertaughthimathome,but

Thomaswasmostlyself-educated.Hestartedexperimentingatayoungage.

Whenhewas12yearsold,hegothisfirstjob.Hebecameanewsboyonatrain.Hedidexperimentsonthetraininhis

sparetime.Unluckily,hisfirstworkexperiencedidnotendwell.Theyfiredhimwhenheaccidentallysetfiretothefloorof

thetrain.ThenEdisonworkedforfiveyearsasatelegraphoperator,buthecontinuedtospendmuchofhistimein

experimentinghisfirstpatentin1868foravoterecorderrunbyelectricity.

ThomasEdisonwastotallydeafinoneearandhardofhearingintheother,buthethoughtofhisdeafnessasablessing

inmanyways.Itkeptconversationsshort,sothathecouldhavemoretimeforwork.Healwaysworked16outofevery24

hours.Sometimeshiswifehadtoremindhimtosleepandeat.

ThomasEdisondiedattheageof84.Heleftagreatmanyinventionsthatgreatlyimprovedthequalityoflifeallover

theworld.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Thefunctionoftheelectriclight.B.Edisonandhisexperiments.

C.Theimportanceofinventions.D.ThewholelifeofEdison.

【解析】D。此题考查文章的大意。综观文章结构,它不属于上面所说的任何一种。但细读文章能发现,每一段都

有明确的时间:第2段ThomasEdisonwasbornin1847;第3段Whenhewas12yearsold,hegothisfirstjob;第5

段ThomasEdisondiedattheageof84。由此可以看出本文讲的是爱迪生的人生经历,所以答案选D。其他三个选

项都是片面的,犯了以偏概全的错误。A和C只在第一段中提到,而且没有指明是爱迪生的发明;B选项,只提出

爱迪生和他的实验,没有包括文章的主要内容一爱迪生的人生经历。

2.文章标题类

【例3:】

Greenisanimportantcolorinnature.Itisthecolorofgrassandtheleavesontrees.Itisalsothecolorofmostgrowing

plants.

Sometimes,thewordgreenmeansyoung,freshandgrowing.Sometimes,itdescribessomethingthatisnotyetripeor

finished.Forexample,agreenhornissomeonewhohasnoexperience,whoisnewtoasituation.Inthefifteenthcentury,a

greenhornreferredtoayoungcoworoxwhosehorns(角)hadnotyetdeveloped.Acenturyorsolater,agreenhornwas

forasoldierwhohadnotyethadanyexperienceinbattle.Bytheeighteenthcentury,agreenhornhadthemeaningithas

today-apersonwhoisnewinajob.

Someonewhohastheabilitytogrowplantswellissaidtohaveagreenthumb.Theexpressioncomesfromtheearly

nineteenhundreds.Apersonwithagreenthumbseemstohaveamagictouchthatmakesplantsgrowquicklyandwell.You

mightsaythatthewomannextdoorhasagreenthumbifhergardencontinuestogrowlongafteryourplantshavedied.

TheGreenRevolutionisthenamegivensomeyearsagotothedevelopmentofnewkindsofriceandothergrains.The

newplantsproducedmuchlargercrops.TheGreenRevolutionwastheresultofhardworkbyagriculturalscientistswho

hadgreenthumbs.

Greenisalsothecolorusedtodescribethepowerfulfeeling-jealousy(嫉妒).Thegreen-eyedmonster,怪物)isnota

frighteningcreaturefromouterspace.ItisanexpressionusedaboutfourhundredyearsagobyBritishwriterWilliam

Shakespeareinhisplay“Othello".Itdescribestheunpleasantfeelingapersonhaswhensomeonehassomethingthathe

wantstoget.Ayoungmanmaysufferfromthegreen-eyedmonsterifhisgirlfriendbeginsgoingoutwithsomeoneelse.Or,

thatgreen-eyedmonstermayaffectyourfriendifyougetapayriseandhedoesnot.

Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Green,thecolorofgrassandtreesB.Thestoriesaboutthecolor“green”

C.Green,asignofapprovalD.Differentmeaningsof“green”

【解析】D。这篇文章讲述了绿色的许多意义。第一段开头引出绿色的重要性,第二段到第四段分别说明绿色在不

同语境不同环境的使用。A选项只说了绿色在自然界的意义;文章没有讲述绿色的故事,只提到了不同地方绿色代

表的不同含义,B选项错误:C选项是最后一段的概括,以偏概全。

【解题方法】跳读。跳读方法之一:看句子主语。在第一段中有三个主语,两个主语都是代词It,很容易判断两个

代词It指的是前文提到的Green,是进一步解释说明Green,属于细节内容。第三段第二句的主语Theexpression,

用了定冠词,实际上也是指前文提到的内容。跳读方法之二:忽略举例词。第二段中forexample是举例说明的标志

词,也就是说,后面的内容举例,用来解释补充前面的观点。在把握主旨大意时,可以适当忽略。以此类推,我们

通过跳读,分析出每个段落的主题句。例如这篇文章中,段落的主题句是首句。综合段落大意,每段讲了绿色的不

同意义,从而总结出文章的最佳题目。

【例4:)

Teenswantstructureintheirlives,whichmeanstheywanttheirliveswell-planned.Tobeginbuildingstructure,teens

needloveandtrust.Theyneedtoknowtheirparentsaretheretogivethemneededloveandsupport(支持).Teenswantto

besurethatnothingcanpreventparentsfromshoulderingtheirresponsibilityforthem—nottheirgrowingmaturity(成

熟),misbehavior,norangeratsomethingtheyhavedone.Teenswantparentstokeepcontrolwhileallowingthemtomake

somedecisions.

Therearesomewaysyoucanhelpyourteenscreatereasonablestructureandremainclose.Onewayistospendtime

together.Parentsoftenmistaketheirteens?increasedinterestinfriendsforadisinterestinthefamily.

Teenswouldliketospendmoretimedoingthingswiththeirparents,butwatchingTVisnotcountedasspendingtime

together.Asyourteensmature,itisimportantforyouandyourteensspendtimealonetogether,onetoone.Yourteensneed

timetotalktoyoualonewithoutanyotherfamilymemberpresent.

Talkwithyourteensabouttheirinterestsandconcerns.Makesureyoureallyshowinterestinwhatishappening.When

talkingwithyourteens,givefullattentionanddonotstopthem.

Thewaytohelpyourteensbecomeadultsistoletyourteensintoyourworld.Sharingyouremotionsandconcerns

withyourteensisimportant.Avoidcausingneedlessworry.

Trustyourteens.Don'texpecttheworst.Hopeforthebest.Tellingyourteensyoudon'tliketheirfriendswillcausethe

teensnottobringtheirfriendshome.Ifsomethingshouldgowrong,believethatyourteensdidn'tdoitonpurpose.

Itisveryimportantthatyoutreatyourteenswithrespect.Teensneedthesamerespectadultsshowfortotalstrangers.Don't

talkdowntoyourteens.

Youneedtobesupportiveofyourteens.Whatmaybeasmallproblemtoyoumaybetroublingtoyourteens.Teens

don'thavetheexperiencesthatadultshavehad.Lettheteensknowthatyouunderstandhowmuchithurtswhensomething

happensthatisupsettingorhurtfultothem.Astheymature,theycanlookbackatsomeproblemstheyhadandlaughat

havingbeenupsetbysomethingthatnowseemsunimportant.

Themostimportantthingstorememberare:talkwithyourteens,listentotheirworriesandoffersuggestionswhen

needed.Thiswillhelpyourteenstoliveawell-organizedlife.

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TrainingTeenstoBecomeResponsibleAdults.

B.HelpingTeenstoBuildReasonableStructure.

C.ImprovingtheRelationshipwithYourTeens.

D.SteppingintoYourTeens'SecretWorld.

【解析】Bo观察文章结构,根据第一段中的Teenswantstructureintheirlives,whichmeanstheywanttheirlives

well-planned可知,文章话题是关于well-plannedlife。根据第2段中的Therearesomewaysyoucanhelpyourteens

createreasonablestructureandremainclose可知,下面讲的是一些方法;根据最后一段中的Thiswillhelpyourteensto

liveawell-organizedlife可知,这句话是对以上内容的总结,所以,不难看出,这两句话是文章的主题句,所以答案

选B。选项A的错误在于主观臆测,并非作者所表达的观点;C选项,范围过大,过于笼统;D选项,走进青少年

的秘密世界,文中未提及。

3.中心思想类

【例5:】

Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic."People

whoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeopleoftencannottell

thedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyareveryfarapartonthe

musicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetalhitting

eachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultfor

otherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Just

goingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystay

awayfromplaceswherethereis

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