中考英语阅读理解解题技巧福建

知识要点：

1、了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁

2、中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧

1.了解中考阅读理解的文章体裁

中考阅读理解文章的体裁主要有四类：记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文。

1）、记叙文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其

中，或顺序或倒序。

2）、说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。

3）、应用文

所谓应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作中为处理实际事物而写作，有着实用性特点，并

形成惯用格式的文章。

4）、议论文

议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和

主张的一种文体。

2.中考阅读理解题型分析与解题技巧

一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下儿种题型：

A.主旨大意型；B.细节理解型；C.词义猜测型；D.推理判断型

A.主旨大意题

主旨大意题的常见的提问形式：

Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe•••

Thisisapassageabout…

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Thepassagemainlytellsusabout

Thewriterwrotethepassageinorderto

技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往

是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文

章的中心思想。

寻找主题句的方法：

1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。

2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题

词。

Example:

（2010,龙岩）

TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestand

mostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewayto

Paris.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodem,and

theseatsarecomfortable.

YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship........

AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane........

80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.

A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParis

B.internationalflightsfromLondontoParis

C.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover

主题句出现在段首：

在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。

（2008,厦门）

Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthat

theycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.

ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.

Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Hereare

sometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.

1.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide（躲藏）underadesk.Stayawayfrom

windowsandanythingthatcouldfallonyou.

69.Thebesttitleofthispassageisn

A.Howdangeroustheearthquakeis

B.Howtobesafeduringanearthquake

C.Don*tbeafraidoftheearthquake

主题句也可能出现在段尾：

作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详

述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开。

（2011,泉州）

We'vetalkedaboutsnails（蜗牛）andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon'tmove

atall.Theyareintheirshells（壳）一sleeping.

Hotsunwilldryoutasnail'sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyinto

hisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnail

cansleepfbraslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.

Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.

Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers（触角），areveryweak.

Butitssense（J感觉）ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.

AsnaiPsmouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin（大头针）.Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteeth

areverysmall,andyoucan'tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!

Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.

文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。2011年泉州中考卷中并没有出现明确的主题句，

但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率

最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题。

[Practice]

A

Ineverylittlegirl'stoybox,theremightbeaBarbieDoILBarbieis50yearsoldthisyear.It

wasdesignedin1959byanAmericanbusinesswomannamedRuthHandler.Sheandherhusband

ElliottstartedthetoycompanyMattel.ShenamedthenewdollaftertheirdaughterBarbara.The

firstBarbieDollappearedatthetoyfair（交易会）NewYorkonMarch9th,1959.Thisdateis

usedasBarbie'sbirthday.

MattelsoldthreehundredthousandBarbieDollsinthefirstyearatapriceofthreedollars.

Today,afifty-year-oldBarbieingoodconditionmightcostmorethantwenty-seventhousand

dollars.Mattelsays90%ofthegirlsintheUnitedStatesagedfromthreetotenownatleastone

BarbieDoll.Andgirlsagedthreetosixownanaverage（平均）ofabouttwelve.

WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollshalfacenturyago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwould

becomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousallovertheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundred

andfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.

65.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Barbie'sbirthdayB.BarbieDolls

C.AlovelygirlnamedBarbieD.WhyareBarbiespopular

B

Schoollifeshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiestdaysofourlives.Weshouldn'twastethis

wonderfultime.Don'tsaythingsaredifficultandboring.Don'tbetoodisappointedifthings

sometimesgobadly.Don'tletsmallproblemsseemverybig.Beconfident,goandplaysports,

workonaproject,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Therearealwaysalotofthingstodotorelax

yourselfandmakeyouhappy.

60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Howtogethighscores.B.Howtoberelaxedandhappy.

C.Howtomakefriendswithforeigners.

B.细节理解题

细节理解题常用的设问方式：

Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?

技巧解析:

细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息进行提问的。这类题目一般可以直接或者间接在文

中找到答案。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，即关键词或

关键句，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。特别要注意年代和数字、大写的人名和

地名、比较级与最高级、以及表示因果的词汇等。是非判断的题目一般出现在同一段落或相

邻段落中，做题时需要仔细阅读某些段落。

Example：

（2011,莆田）

Tea,coffeeandcocoaarethreemajordrinksallovertheworld.Teaisdrunkbythe

largestnumberofpeopleintheworld.Tea,aswellassilkandporcelain,begantobeknown

bytheworldoverathousandyearsagoandhasbeenanimportantChineseexportsincethen.

Teahasahistoryofover4,000yearsandChinaisthehomeoftea.InancientChina,tea

wasusedasakindofmedicine,whilenowadayspeopledrinkteadaily.

（）66.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tea,cocoaandsilkareimportantChineseexports.

B.Teahasmorethan1,000yearsofhistory.

C.Japanisthehomeoftea.

D.InancientChina,peopleusedteaasakindofmedicine.

（2010,三明）

IntheUK,aseven-year-oldboyhasraised£800,00forpeopleoftheHaiti（海

地）earthquakebyridinghisbikearoundhislocalpark.

47.TheboyhasalreadyraisesforpeopleinHaiti.

A.£500B.£600C.£800,000

（2009,南平）

AtSunshineGymSportsClub

Loseweight!Joinusinplayingbasketballin

GreenParkonSun.July19th.

Membershipfee（会员费）：¥80

MeetatSpringSquareat9:00a.m.

Openthreedaysaweek:Wed.,Fri.

&Sun.CallBruceat6932468formore

information

Call:3327589

BookSaleForRent

TheRedandtheBlack-byLongRiverApartment.3-bedroom.

StendhalNewpaint.Nopets.

Anambitious（有雄心的）young300yz/an/month.CallPeterat

manJulien'sstory8788765formoreinformation.

Lastweek:¥48Now:¥36

71.WhatdopeoplewanttodoatSunshineGym?

A.Loseweight.B.Playbasketball.C.Buybooks.

75.IfyouwanttobuythebookTheRedandtheBlacknow,youneedtopay.

A.¥80B.¥48C.¥36

（2011,

中考模拟试题）

....Asasinger,sheoftenhastotravelabroad.But,onherfirsttrip,shecouldn'tevenopen

hermouthtosay“thankyou”!Sheismuchboldernow!

3.WhenNiracefirsttraveledabroad,.

A.shecouldspeakEnglishverywell

B.shecouldalmostsaynothinginEnglish

C.shespokeEnglishbetterthannow

D.shehadneverlearnedEnglishbefore

[Practicel

Ifsomeonesays“givemefive"，donotsearchyourpockettogetfiveyuan!Itwillmakeothers

laugh!Thepersonisnotaskingforyourmoney,butforyourfingers.

IntheUS,“givemefive"or"givemethehighfive“isapopulargesture.Youcanseeitoften

infilmsoronTV.Itmeanstheslapping（拍）ofraisingrighthandstogether.

Peopledoitwhentheymeetforthefirsttimeorsomethinghappyhappens.Forexample,a

studenthasgoodmarksinexamsorwinsalotteryticket（彩票）.Ifafootballteamwinsagame,

theplayerswillgivehighfivestoeveryonearoundtocelebrate.

61.Thegesture“givemefive“istheslappingof.

A.legsB.handsC.arms

62.“Givemefive”isagestureto.

A.celebratesuccessB.askformoneyC.searchone'spocket

c.词义猜测题

常见的设问形式：

Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans…

Theword"…“inthefirstparagraphrefersto***

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans…

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthe

first/second/lastparagraph?

技巧解析：要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种

表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。词义的猜测方法有：

1）上下文间意义的联系；

2）同义关系，反义关系；

3）对词的解释和举例

Example：

（2011,三明）

Abloghasgoodpoints,ofcourse.Peoplechoosetowriteinblogs,theyknowthattheir

friendswillreadwhattheywrite.Ifyoufeelsadonedayandwriteinyourdiary,noone

willknowaboutit.Ifyouwritethesamewordsinyourblog,yourfriendsmayquickly

writebacktocomfortyouandoffertheirhelp.Blogshelppeopleknowwhattheirfriends

aredoing.

48.Theunderlinedword“comfort“meansinChinese.

A.责怪B.安慰C.嘲笑

（

2011,厦门）

“Fmsorry,butdon*tstopme,pleasethesmallboysaid,“Itveryhottodayandthere

isn'tanyothershadeinthestreet!”

54.Theunderlinedword“shade“referstoaplacewhichis.

A.wetterB.coolerC.hotter

（2009,北京）

Doctorsandotherscientistswhostudythehumanmindandtrytoexplainwhypeople

behaveinthewaythattheydo,calledpsychologists,arestartingtobelieveit.

55.Apsychologistisapersonwhomayhelpyouwithyour.

A.illnessandabilitiesB.thoughtsandbehaviour

C.mindandnervoussystemD.physicalactivityanddailyexercise

[Practice]

Patriotismisalsosomethingweshouldneverforget.Patriotismmeansaloveforone's

country.Everyoneshouldlovehiscountry.Agoodyouthwilldothethingshiscountryaskshimto

do.

Ithinkagoodyouthoftodayshouldalsohavesometraininginart.Ifeveryonecanenjoyart,they

willenjoytheirlife.

68.Theword^Patriotism"means.

A.爱国主义B.责任感C.事业心

Mostteenagerswearbrand-nameclothestobeinfashionandtofitinwiththeirfriends.

However,notalltheGen-Zyouth（青年）likethestyle.SomepreferbluejeansandT-shirts.They

don'tfeelanypressurefromtheirfriends.Theyjustwanttobethemselves.Theygivetheirown

opinionsbynotfittinginwiththecrowd.

52.Theunderlinedword“brand-name“heremeans""inChinese.

A.商标B.品牌C.标签

D.推理判断题

常见的设问形式：

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

Fromthetextweknowthat

Thestoryimpliesthat

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe

Thewriter'sattitudetoward,,”s…

Theauthorimplied/suggestedthat…

技巧解析：这类题目有一定难度。做题时要到文章中去找线索，抓住关键词、短语、句子或

段落，理解文章层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，作出准确的判

断和推理。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音加以推理，才能获得正确答案。

推理时一定要以文章提供的事实为依据，不可以凭空想象，或加入个人的想法、观点。

Example：

（

2010,三明）

Irememberwhatmademeunhappybackinmyschooldays.Icaredtoomuch

aboutwhatotherpeoplethoughtofme.WhenIwasinschool,Iwasveryshy.Ihadgood

grades。戈绩），butwhenIspokeinclass,myfacewentredbecauseIknewmyclassmates

werealllookingatme.Itwasreallyterrible.NowIamgoingtograduatefromschool

andIknowwhatmyproblemis.Inolongerworryaboutwhatpeoplethinkofme.My

lifeisalotmorerelaxed,especiallyinBeijing,wherepeoplelaughatmewhenIspeak

Chinese!YouknowChineseisnotmynativelanguage.

57.Thewriterisprobably.

A.astudentwhowasbominBeijingB.aforeignerwhoisstudyinginBeijing

C.avisitorwhoisvisitingChina

（2011,莆田）

（2009,厦门）

“Whyareyoulate?^^theteacherasked."Youmissthetest.”“Ourtaxihadaflattire,“

oneofthegirlssaid.

Theteacherthoughtforamoment,thenhesaid,“Sitdown,oneofyouineachcorner

oftheroom.^^Thefourgirlsdidthis.Thentheteachersaid,“Writetheanswertothis

questiononapieceofpaper:Whichtirewasflat?”

54.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheteacher.

A.thoughttheyweregoodstudents

B.didn'tbelievewhattheysaid

C.gavehisstudentstoomanytests

[Practice]

Severalyearsago,cellphoneswereveryexpensive.Onlyimportantpeopleandpeoplewitha

lotofmoneyhadthem.Thesedays,thepriceshavebeengreatlyfalling,andtheycomeinsmall

sizesanddifferentcolors.Somoreandmorepeople,evenhighschoolstudents,haveoneinthe

hands.

Itistruethatit'saneasywaytokeepintouchwithfriendsatanytimeandinanyplace.But

inplaceslikeclassrooms,movietheatres,andmuseums,whereeveryoneshouldbequietortalkin

alowvoice,wecanalsoheartheringing.Somedrivershaveaccidentsforusingcellphoneswhen

driving.Worstofall,somestudentswhocan'tpaytheirphonebillsdosomethingillegaltoget

money.So,arecellphonesreallyahelp?

()3.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutcellphones?

A.Theyarereallyahelp.

B.Theyharmpeople'shealth.

C.Hewantsverymuchtoknowiftheydopeoplegood.

D.It'sallrighttousethemintheatre.

[中考真题演练]

Part1

Sallywasabeautifulyounggirl.Sheneededaphotoforherdrivingtest,soshewentto

haveherpicturetaken.

"Iwouldlikeaphotoofmyself^please/'shesaid."Howmuchdoesitcost?"

"20dollarsforthefirstone,nthemansaid.MThen2dollarsforeachcopy(复制品)

MOK.Ineedtwocopies."Sallypassedhimthemoneyandasked,"Canyoutakemyphoto

now?”

"Yes，comethisway,please.'*

ThemantookSallyintoaroomandaskedhertositdown.Thenheturnedonsomebright

lightsandtookherphoto.Themansaid,"Comebacktomorrowandthephotowillbeready.'*

Thenextday,Sallywentbacktopickupherphoto.

"Yourphotoisready/*themansaid,andgaveSallyanenvelope.

Sallylookedatthephoto.Shewasratherunhappy."Thisphotomakesmelookvery

old/'shetoldtheman.

Themansmiled,"Iwantedtosavemoneyforyou",hesaid."Withthisphoto,youdon't

needtohaveyourphototakenagainformanyyears.n

根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂(A),错的涂(B)。(10分)

61.Sallywantedtotakeaphotoforhernewjob.

62.Sallypaidtheman4dollarsinall.

63.ThemanaskedSallytopickupherphotothenextday.

64.ThephotomadeSallylookbeautifulandyoung.

65.Infactthemantriedtofindanexcuse（借口）forhimself.

Part2

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.TakeNewYearforexample,at12o'clockin

Spain,youmusteat12grapes,oneforeachchime（钟声）oftheclock.Thiswillbringyougood

luckfortheyear.Below,let'shavealookatsomeinterestingthingsinthreedifferentcountries:

Greece

☆ifyougivesomeoneapresent,youmusttrytoputsomecoinsinit.Thatmeansmoremoney

willcome.

☆Youmustn'tpasssomeoneaknife.Youshouldputitdownandlettheotherpersonpickitup.If

youpassittosomebody,youwillgetintoafightwiththatperson.

TheUK

☆ifyouseeablackcat,thenyou'llgetgoodluck.Youcanoftenseeblackcatsonbirthdaycards

and'GoodLuck?cards.

☆ifyouseealeaffallinginautumn,youmusttrytocatchit.Youwillhavealuckyyearfor

everyleafyoucatch.

☆Youmustn'topenyourumbrellainsidethehouseorputnewshoesonatable.

Thailand

☆it'sgoodlucktodreamaboutasnakeholdingyou.

☆Kidscan'teatchicken'sfeet.Iftheydo,itmaygivethembadhandwriting!

☆Duringameal,youshouldneverstarteatingbeforepeoplewhoareolderthanyou.

66.Peopleineat12grapesforgoodluckinthenewyear.

A.theUKB.GreeceC.Spain

67.WhatshouldyouputinthepresentthatisgiventoothersinGreece?

A.Somecandles.B.Somecoins.C.Sometoys.

68.IfyoupasssomeoneaknifeinGreece,youmaywiththatperson.

A.haveafightB.makefriendsC.makepeace

69.WhichoneisthebestchoiceifyouwanttosendacardtoyourEnglishfriend?

70.Accordingtothepassageyoushouldn't.

A.openyourumbrellaoutsidethehouseintheUK

B.catchthefallingleavesinautumnintheUK