英语专八练习

试卷一(95min)

PartIListeningComprehension(40min)

InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswer

thequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.

SECTIONATALK

Questions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven75seconds

toanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentothetalk.

l.Theparallelbetweenwaltzingandlanguageuseliesin.

A.thecoordinationbasedonindividualactions

B.thenumberofindividualparticipants

C.thenecessityofindividualactions

D.therequirementsforparticipants

2.1nthetalkthespeakerthinksthatlanguageuseisa(n)process.

A.individual

B.combined

C.distinct

D.social

3.Themaindifferencebetweenpersonalandnonpersonalsettingsisin.

A.themanneroflanguageuse

B.thetopicandcontentofspeech

C.theinteractionsbetweenspeakerandaudience

D.therelationshipbetweenspeakerandaudience

4.1nfictionalsettings,speakers.

A.hidetheirrealintentions

B.voiceothers'intentions

C.playdoublerolesonandoffstage

D.onlyimitateotherpeopleinlife

5.Comparedwithothertypesofsettings,themainfeatureofprivatesettingis.

A.theabsenceofspontaneity

B.thepresenceofindividualactions

C.thelackofrealintentions

D.theabsenceofaudience

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

Questions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven75

secondstoanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentotheinterview.

6.WhatwaseducationlikeinProfessorWang'sdays?

A.Studentsworkedveryhard.

B.Studentsfelttheyneededaseconddegree.

C.Educationwasnotcareeroriented.

D.Thereweremanyspecializedsubjects.

7.AccordingtoProfessorWang,whatisthepurposeofthepresentdayeducation?

A.Toturnoutanadequatenumberofeliteforthesociety.

B.lopreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareer.

C.Toofferpracticalandutilitariancoursesineachprogramme.

D.Tosetupasmanytechnicalinstitutionsaspossible.

8.InProfessorWang'sopinion,technicalskills.

A.requiregoodeducation

B.aresecondarytoeducation

C.don'lcallforgoodeducation

D.don'tconflictwitheducation

9.WhatdoesProfessorWangsuggesttocopewiththesituationcausedbyincreasingnumbersof

feepayingstudents?

A.Shiftingfromoneprogrammetoanother.

B.Workingoutwaystoreducestudentnumber.

C.Emphasizingbetterqualityofeducation.

D.Settingupstricterexaminationstandards.

lO.FutureeducationneedstoproducegraduatesofallthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT.

A.thosewhocanadapttodifferentprofessions

B.thosewhohaveahighflexibilityofmind

C.thosewhoarethinkers,historiansandphilosophers

D.thosewhopossessonlyhighlyspecializedskills

SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,

youwillbegiven45secondstoanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentothenews.

11.Whichofthefollowingregionsintheworldwillwitnessthesharpestdropinlifeexpectancy?

A.LatinAmerica.

B.SubSaharanAfrica.

C.Asia.

D.TheCaribbean.

12.Accordingtothenews,whichcountrywillexperiencesmalllifeexpectancydrop?

A.Burma.

B.Botswana.

C.Cambodia.

D.Thailand.

13.Thecountriesthatarepredictedtoexperiencenegativepopulationgrowtharemainlyin

A.Asia.

B.Africa.

C.LatinAmerica.

D.TheCaribbean.

Questions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbe

given30secondstoanswerthequestions.

Nowlistentothenews.

14.ThetradedisputebetweentheEuropeanUnionandtheUSwascausedby.

A.USrefusaltoacceptarbitrationbyWTO

B.USimposingtariffsonEuropeansteel

C.USrefusaltopaycompensationtoEU

D.USrefusaltolowerimportdutiesonEUproducts

15.WhowillbeconsultedfirstbeforetheEUlistissubmittedtoWTO?

A.EUmemberstates.

B.TheUnitedStates.

C.WTO.

D.Thesteelcorporations.

SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING

Inthissectionyouwillhearaminilecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.While

listeningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyou

willneedthemtocompletea15minutegapfillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEafterthe

minilecture.Usetheblanksheetfornotetaking.

ConversationSkills

Peoplewhousuallymakeusfeelcomfortableinconversationsaregoodtalkers.Andtheyhave

somethingincommon,i.e.skillstoputpeopleatease.

1.Skilltoaskquestion

1)beawareofthehumannature:readinesstoanswerother'squestionsregardlessof(1)

2)startaconversationwithsomepersonalbutunharmfull

questionsaboutone's(2)job

questionsaboutone'sactivitiesinthe(3)

3)beabletospotsignalsforfurthertalk

2.Skillto⑷foranswers

1)don'tshiftfromsubjecttosubject

—stickingtothesamesubject:signsof(5)inconversation

2)listento(6)ofvoice

-Ifpeoplesoundunenthusiastic,thenchangesubject.

3)useeyesandears

—steadyyourgazewhilelistening

3.Skilltolaugh

Effectsoflaughter:

—easepeople,s(7)

—helpstart(8)

4.Skilltopart

1)importance:openuppossibilitiesforfuturefriendshipor

contact

2)ways:

—men:asmile,a(9)

—women:sameas(10)now

—howtoexpresspleasureinmeetingsomeone.

PartIIProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min)

ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineach

case,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowing

way:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedatthe

endoftheline.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha""signandwritetheword

youbelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslashandputthewordinthe

blankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Example

WhenAartmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)an

itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)never

themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseum

wantsan[ZZ(Z]exhibition[ZZ)],itmustoftenbuildit.(3)exhibit

ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTWOasinstructed.

Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.SCongress

isthepowertoinvestigate.Thispowerisusuallydelegatedtocommittees-either

standingcommittees,specialcommitteessetforaspecific(1)

purpose,orjointcommitteesconsistedofmembersofbothhouses.(2)____

Investigationsareheldtogatherinformationontheneedfor

futurelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed,

toinquireintothequalificationsandperformanceofmembersand

officialsoftheotherbranches,andinrareoccasions,tolaythe(3)

groundworkforimpeachmentproceedings.Frequently,committees

relyoutsideexpertstoassistinconductinginvestigativehearings(4)

andtomakeoutdetailedstudiesofissues.(5)____

Thereareimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepower.One

isthepowertopublicizeinvestigationsanditsresults.Most(6)

committeehearingsareopentopublicandarereported(7)

widelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigations

neverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakers(8)

toinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues.

⑼—

Congressionalcommitteesalsohavethepowertocompel

testimonyfromunwillingwitnesses,andtociteforcontempt

ofCongresswitnesseswhorefusetotestifyandforperjury

thesewhogivefalsetestimony.(10)

PartIIIReadingComprehension(30min)

Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiplechoice

questions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.

TEXTA

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmost

ofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theU.S.and

Japanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesor

directhandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmerican

farmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledto

get,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwas

necessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.It

isalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember'smidterm

elections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly

3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesand

theirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsor

competingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeand

Developmentconcludedthatforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto

$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It*snotasif

thedevelopingworldwantsanyfavours,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda,sMinisterofFinance.

“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlabourare

cheap,andasfarmingmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie

intheskyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenya'seconomyoverthepastdecadehas

beentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,

whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyfortheuleastdevelopedcountry,,statusthat

allowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagricultural

products.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyas

adiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducing

tradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AmericasAfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,which

cutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica's

manufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush'sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.

Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgesradeliberalizationonlysoitcan

wangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdown

threeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha,

Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureand

textiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountries,thattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.

Bush'shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmericaTscommitmenttothosetalksandhispersonal

devotiontofreetrade.

16.Bycomparison,farmersreceivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanothers.

A.inthedevelopingworld

B.inJapan

C.inEurope

D.inAmerica

17.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisamotivebehindBush,ssigningof

thenewfarmbill.

A.partisan

B.social

C.financial

D.cultural

18.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat.

A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintrade

B.utheleastdevelopedcountrynstatusbenefitsagriculturalcountries

C.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalization

□.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies

19.Thewriter'sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is.

A.favourable

B.ambiguous

C.critical

0.reserved

TEXTB

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americans

arenowamongtheworld,ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworking

longerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalfcentury.Americaonceledtherichworldincutting

theaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemed

naturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextraearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe

1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisen,toanaverageof42this

yearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansare

spendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80

hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthe

bestsunloungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany's

engineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyear.Most

Germansgetsixweeks'paidannualholiday;eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americans

stillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontowork

isdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeacting

sensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursof

work.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzle

withsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildren,whomaybeleftalone

athomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?Someexplanations

forAmericarstimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleave

workersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycostcuttingfirmstotoilharderjust

tokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,

suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,

incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?Onereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmany

Americanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerely

tomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbig

increasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthof

wageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargument

began.Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaare

allowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.Fallsinmarginal

taxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.None

oftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecenturylongdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneinto

reverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowssignsoffollowingAmerica,slead).

Perhapsculturaldifferences一thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomist—areatplay.Economists

usedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowfora

fewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumans

aremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basic

needs“一forashowerwithbuiltinTV,forarocketpropelledcar-expandcontinuously.

ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmericaJsmostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney一hencemore

workandlessleisure.Ortrythis:thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeep

beingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

2O.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis____.

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

□.favouredbytheeconomists

21.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglonger

hours?

A.Riseinemployees,workingefficiency.

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders.

C.Riseinpeople'slivingstandards.

D.Riseincompetitiveness.

22.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedby

thewriter?

A.Expansionofbasicneeds.

B.Culturaldifferences.

C.Increaseinrealearnings.

□.Advertising.

TEXTC

Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.Assoonastheyhadletthefowlsout,intheearlysummer

mornings,theyhadtotaketheirgunsandkeepguard;andthenagainassoonaseveningbeganto

mellow,theymustgooncemore.Andhewassosly.Heslidalonginthedeepgrass;hewas

difficultasaserpenttosee.Andheseemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately.Onceortwice

Marchhadcaughtsightofthewhitetipofhisbrush,ortheruddyshadowofhiminthedeepgrass,

andshehadletfireathim.Buthemadenoaccountofthis.Thetreesonthewoodedgewere

adarkish,brownishgreeninthefulllight—foritwastheendofAugust.Beyond,thenaked,

copperlikeshaftsandlimbsofthepinetreesshoneintheair.Nearertheroughgrass,withits

long,brownishstalksallagleam,wasfulloflight.Thefowlswereroundabout—theduckswere

stillswimmingonthepondunderthepinetrees.Marchlookedatitall,sawitall,anddidnotsee

it.SheheardBanfordspeakingtothefowlsinthedistance—andshedidnothear.Whatwasshe

thinkingabout?Heavenknows.Herconsciousnesswas,asitwere,heldback.Sheloweredher

eyes,andsuddenlysawthefox.Hewaslookingupather.Hischinwaspresseddown,andhis

eyeswerelookingup.Theymethereyes.Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound-sheknewhe

knewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.

Shestruggled,confusedlyshecametoherself,andsawhimmakingoff,withslowleapsover

somefallenboughs,slow,impudentjumps.Thenheglancedoverhisshoulder,andransmoothly

away.Shesawhisbrushheldsmoothlikeafeather,shesawhiswhitebuttockstwinkle.Andhe

wasgone,softly,softasthewind.

Sheputherguntohershoulder,buteventhenpursedhermouth,knowingitwasnonsenseto

pretendtofire.Soshebegantowalkslowlyafterhim,inthedirectionhehadgone,slowly,

pertinaciously.Sheexpectedtofindhim.Inherheartshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Whatshe

woulddowhenshesawhimagainshedidnotconsider.Butshewasdeterminedtofindhim.So

shewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaint

flushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither...

Assoonassupperwasover,sheroseagaintogoout,withoutsayingwhy.Shetookhergunagain

andwenttolookforthefox.Forhehadliftedhiseyesuponher,andhisknowinglookseemedto

haveenteredherbrain.Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim.Shesawhis

dark,shrewd,unabashedeyelookingintoher,knowingher.Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.

Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,

andthegreyishwhite.Andagainshesawhimglanceoverhisshoulderather,halfinviting,half

contemptuousandcunning.Soshewent,withhergreatstartledeyesglowing,hergununderher

arm,alongthewoodedge.Meanwhilethenightfell,andagreatmoonroseabovethepinetrees.

23.Atthebeginningofthestory,thefoxseemstotheallEXCEPT.

A.cunning

B.fierce

C.defiant

D.annoying

24.Asthestoryproceeds,Marchbeginstofeelunderthespellof.

A.thelight

B.thetrees

C.thenight

D.thefox

25.GraduallyMarchseemstobeinastateof.

A.blankness

B.imagination

C.sadness

D.excitement

26.Attheendofthestory,thereseemstobeasenseofbetweenMarchandthefox.

A.detachment

B.anger

C.intimacy

D.conilict

27.Thepassagecreatesanoverallimpressionof.

A.mystery

B.hoiTor

C.liveliness

D.contempt

TEXTD

Thebannersarepacked,theticketsbooked.Theglitterandwhiteoverallshavebeenbought,the

gasmasksjustfitandthemobilephonesareready.Allthatremainsistogettotheparties.This

weekwillseeafeastofpanEuropeanprotests.ItstartedonBastilleDay,lastSaturday,withthe

FrenchunionsandimmigrantsonthestreetsandthefirstdemonstrationsinBritainandGermany

aboutclimatechange.ItwillcontinuetomorrowandThursdaywithenvironmentalandpeace

ralliesagainstPresidentBush.ButthebigoneisinGenoa,onFridayandSaturday,wheretheG8

leaderswillmeetbehindthelinesof18,000heavilyarmedpolice.

UnlikePrague,Gothenburg,CologneorNice,GenoaisexpectedtobeEurope'sSeattle,the

comingtogetherofthedisparatestrandsofresistancetocorporateglobalisation.Neitherthe

protestersnortheauthoritiesknowwhatwillhappen,butsomethingsarepredictable.Yes,there

willbeviolenceandyes,themassmediawillfocusonit.WhatshouldseriouslyconcerntheG8is

notsomuchtheviolence,thenumbersinthestreetsoreventhattheythemselveslooklikeidiots

hidingbehindthebarricades,butthatthedeeprootsofagenuinenewversionofinternationalism

aregrowing.

Forthefirsttimeinageneration,theinternationalpoliticalandeconomicconditionisinthedock.

Moreover,theprotestersareunlikelytogoaway,theirconfidenceisgrowingratherthanwaning,

theiragendasaremerging,theprotestsarespreadinganddrawinginallagesandconcerns.No

singleanalysishasdrawnallthestrandsofthedebatetogether.Inthemeantime,theglobalprotest

“movement”isdevelopingitsownlanguage,texts,agendas,myths,heroesandvillains.Justasthe

G8leaders,worldbodiesandbusinessestalkincreasinglyfromthesamescript,sotheprotesters,

oncedisparatepoliticalandsocialanalysesareconverging.Thelongtermprojectof

governmentsandworldbodiestoglobalisecapitalanddevelopmentisbeingmirroredbythe

globalisationofprotest.

Butwhathappensnext?Governmentsandworldbodiesareunsurewhichwaytoturn.However

welltheyarepoliced,majorprotestsreinforcetheimpressionofindifferentelites,repressionof

debate,overreactiontodissent,injusticeandunaccountablepower.

Theiroptions—apartfromactuallyembracingthebroadagendabeingputtothem-aretoretreat

behindevenhigherbarricades,repressdissentfurther,abandonglobalmeetingsaltogetheror,

morelikely,meetonlyinplacesabletophysicallyresistthemasses.

Brusselsisconsideringbuildingasuperfortressforinternationalmeetings.Genoamaybethelast

oftheEuropeansuperprotests.

28.Accordingtothecontext,theword“parties“attheendofthefirstparagraphrefersto.

A.themeetingoftheG8leaders

B.theprotestsonBastilleDay

C.thecomingpanEuropeanprotests

D.thebigprotesttobeheldinGenoa

29.Accordingtothepassage,economicglobalisationisparalleledby.

A.theemergingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

B.thedisappearingdifferencesintheglobalprotestmovement

C.thegrowingEuropeanconcernaboutglobalisation

D.theincreaseinthenumberofprotesters

30.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisBrusselsconsideringdoing?

A.Meetinginplacesdifficulttoreach.

B.Furtherrepressingdissent.

C.Acceptingtheprotesters,agenda.

□.Abandoningglobalmeetings.

SECTIONBSKIMMINGANDSCANNING(10MIN)

Inthissectiontherearesevenpassageswithtenmultiplechoicequestions.Skimorscanthem

asrequiredandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.

Firstreadthequestion.

3l.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.demonstratehowtopreventcrime

B.showtheseriousnessofcrime

C.lookintothecausesofcrime

D.callformoregovernmentefforts

NowgothroughTEXTEquicklytoanswerquestion31.

Forthreeweeks,everynightat11p.m.,correspondents,officersandjudgesfromjusticecourts,

policedepartmentsandprisons,psychiatrists,criminologists,victimsandevencriminalsinprisons

madetheirappearanceonTVtodebateonatopic“CrimeintheUnitedStates.

Indeed,crimehasbeendisturbingtheAmericanpeopleandhasbecomeaserioussocialproblem

justnexttotheunemploymentproblem.Somefiguresareterrifying:1of4Americanshasbeena

victimofsomekindofcrimes;nearly22millioncrimecasesoccurredlastyearthroughoutthe

country.Asimplearithmeticcalculationindicatesthatonaverage,acrimeisbeingcommittedin

every2seconds.NowtheAmericansarelivinginahorribleenvironment.Theirsafetyand

propertyarethreatenedbyvariouscrimes:robbery,theft,rape,kidnapping,murder,arson,

vandalismandviolence.

Themostworrisomeproblemcomesfromthefactthataboutonethirdofcrimecaseswere

committedbythejuvenileand53%ofcriminalsinjailsareyoungstersbelow25.Apollindicates

thatabout73%ofcitizenssaidtheyavoidedteenagersinstreets,especiallyatnight.

Toprotectthemselvesfromcrime,accordingtoareleasedfigure,52%ofAmericanskeepgunsat

home.Butsomegunownersturnouttobepotentialcriminals.Somepeopledemandthatstrictlaw

forguncontrolbeenforced;butothersopposethebanofgun.Nodecisionisinsight.

Someexpertssaidpoverty,unemploymentandracialdiscriminationarethecauseofcrime.They

citedfigurestoshowthat47%ofcrimecaseswerecommittedbytheblack,thoughtheyaccount

foronlyabout12%ofthepopulationofthenation.Othersarguedthatabout54%ofconvicted

criminalscamefromfamiliesassociatedwiththeseevils.

TheAmericanstategovernmentandfederalgovernmentspendbillionsofdollarseachyearin

maintainingthepolicedepartmentsandjails.Butpoliceauthoritiescomplainthattheyhavenot

sufficientwelltrainedhandsandadvancedequipmenttodetectandstopcrimes.Severalcases

ofcriminalinsurgencewerereportedasaresultofresentmentatovercrowdedprisons.Taxpayers

complainthattheypaymoreandmoretaxbutreceivelessandlessprotectionfromcrimefortheir

livesandproperty.

ThoughthehostoftheliveTVprogrammemadegreateffortstosearchforasolution,sofarno

participantcouldputforwardameasurethatwasapprovedbymostoftheattendants.

TEXTF

Firstreadthequestion.

32.Whatisthemaintopicofthefollowingpassage?

A.Differencesbetweenmodesoflearning.

B.Deficienciesofformallearning.

C.Advantagesofinformallearning.

D.Socialcontextandlearningsystems.

NowgothroughTEXTFquicklyto