C++大学教程第三版答案解析

.

/

Instructor’sManual

for

C++HowtoProgram,3/e

Deitel,Deitel&Nieto

.2000.Deitel&Associates,Inc.andPrenticeHall.AllRightsReserved.

C++HowtoProgram:ThirdEdition

Instructor’sManualContents

Prefaceiii

Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++Programming:Solutions1

Chapter2ControlStructures:Solutions15

Chapter3Functions:Solutions66

Chapter4ArraysSolutions:120

Chapter5PointersandStrings:Solutions170

Chapter6ClassesandDataAbstraction:Solutions235

Chapter7Classes:PartII:Solutions264

Chapter8OperatorOverloading:Solutions276

Chapter9Inheritance:Solutions299

Chapter10VirtualFunctionsandPolymorphism:Solutions318

Chapter11C++StreamInput/Output:Solutions333

Chapter12Templates:Solutions348

Chapter13ExceptionHandling:Solutions359

Chapter14FileProcessing:Solutions370

Chapter15DataStructures:Solutions390

Chapter16Bits,Characters,StringsandStructures:Solutions498

Chapter17ThePreprocessor:Solutions524

Chapter18CLegacyCodeTopics:Solutions531

Chapter19ClassstringandStringStreamProcessing:Solutions541

Chapter20StandardTemplateLibrary<STL>:Solutions559

Chapter21StandardC++LanguageAdditions:Solutions565

AppendixC++MultimediaCyberClassroomSolutionsProvidedonCD573

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Preface

Thankyouforconsideringand/oradoptingourtextC++HowtoProgram:ThirdEdition.Ifyouhavenotread

theprefacetoC++HowtoProgram:ThirdEdition,pleasedoso.Theprefacecontainsacarefulwalkthroughof

thebook’skeyfeatures,includingournewUnifiedModelingLanguage.<UML.>casestudy,whichcarefully

introducesthereadertotheUMLandobject-orienteddesign<OOD>.Studentsarepresentedwithadetailedproblem

statementandguidedthroughasimplified,UML-basedobject-orienteddesignprocess.Thecomplete1000line

C++programsolutionforthecasestudyispresentedinthebookandprovidedontheCD-ROMintheback

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HarveyM.Deitel

PaulJ.Deitel

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1

IntroductiontoComputersand

C++Programming

Solutions

SOLUTIONS

1.10

Categorizeeachofthefollowingitemsaseitherhardwareorsoftware:

a>CPU

ANS:hardware.

b>C++compiler

ANS:software.

c>ALU

ANS:hardware.

d>C++preprocessor

ANS:software.

e>inputunit

ANS:hardware.

f>aneditorprogram

ANS:software.

1.11

Whymightyouwanttowriteaprograminamachine-independentlanguageinsteadofamachine-dependentlanguage?

Whymightamachine-dependentlanguagebemoreappropriateforwritingcertaintypesofprograms?

ANS:Machineindependentlanguagesareusefulforwritingprogramstobeexecutedonmultiplecomputerplatforms.

Machinedependentlanguagesareappropriateforwritingprogramstobeexecutedonasingleplatform.Machinedependent

languagestendtoexploittheefficienciesofaparticularmachine.

1.12

Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatements:

a>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputerreceivesinformationfromoutsidethecomputerforusebythecomputer?

.

ANS:inputunit.

b>Theprocessofinstructingthecomputertosolvespecificproblemsiscalled.

ANS:computerprogramming.

c>WhattypeofcomputerlanguageusesEnglish-likeabbreviationsformachinelanguageinstructions?.

ANS:high-levellanguage.

d>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputersendsinformationthathasalreadybeenprocessedbythecomputertovariousde

vicessothattheinformationmaybeusedoutsidethecomputer?.

ANS:outputunit.

e>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputerretainsinformation?.

ANS:memoryunitandsecondarystorageunit.

f>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputerperformscalculations?.

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2IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions

Chapter1

ANS:arithmeticandlogicalunit.

g>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputermakeslogicaldecisions?.

ANS:arithmeticandlogicalunit.

h>Thelevelofcomputerlanguagemostconvenienttotheprogrammerforwritingprogramsquicklyandeasilyis

.

ANS:high-levellanguage.

i>Theonlylanguagethatacomputercandirectlyunderstandiscalledthatcomputer's.

ANS:machinelanguage.

j>Whichlogicalunitofthecomputercoordinatestheactivitiesofalltheotherlogical

units?.

ANS:centralprocessingunit.

1.13

Discussthemeaningofeachofthefollowingobjects:

a>cin

ANS:Thisobjectreferstothestandardinputdevicethatisnormallyconnectedtothekeyboard.

b>cout

ANS:Thisobjectreferstothestandardoutputdevicethatisnormallyconnectedtothecomputerscreen.

c>cerr

ANS:Thisobjectreferstothestandarderrordevicethatisnormallyconnectedtothecomputerscreen.

1.14

Whyissomuchattentiontodayfocusedonobject-orientedprogrammingingeneralandC++inparticular?

ANS:Object-orientedprogrammingenablestheprogrammertobuildreusablesoftwarecomponentsthatmodelitemsin

therealworld.Buildingsoftwarequickly,correctly,andeconomicallyhasbeenanelusivegoalinthesoftwareindustry.

Themodular,object-orienteddesignandimplementationapproachhasbeenfoundtoincreaseproductivity10to100times

overconventionalprogramminglanguageswhilereducingdevelopmenttime,errors,andcost.C++isextremelypopular

becauseitisasupersetofthewidelyusedCprogramminglanguage.ProgrammersalreadyfamiliarwithChaveaneasier

timelearingC++.

1.15

Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowing:

a>areusedtodocumentaprogramandimproveitsreadability.

ANS:comments

b>Theobjectusedtoprintinformationonthescreenis.

ANS:cout

c>AC++statementthatmakesadecisionis.

ANS:if

d>Calculationsarenormallyperformedbystatements.

ANS:assignment

e>Theobjectinputsvaluesfromthekeyboard.

ANS:cin

1.16

WriteasingleC++statementorlinethataccomplisheseachofthefollowing:

a>Printthemessage"Entertwonumbers".

ANS:cout<<"Entertwonumbers";

b>Assigntheproductofvariablesbandctovariablea.

ANS:a=b*c;

c>Statethataprogramperformsasamplepayrollcalculation<i.e.,usetextthathelpstodocumentaprogram>.

ANS://SamplePayrollCalculationProgram

d>Inputthreeintegervaluesfromthekeyboardandintointegervariablesa,bandc.

ANS:cin>>a>>b>>c;

1.17

Statewhichofthefollowingaretrueandwhicharefalse.Iffalse,explainyouranswers.

a>C++operatorsareevaluatedfromlefttoright.

ANS:False.Someoperatorsareevaluatedfromlefttoright,whileotheroperatorsareevaluatedrighttoleft.

b>Thefollowingareallvalidvariablenames:_under_bar_,m928134,t5,j7,her_sales,

his_account_total,a,b,c,z,z2.

ANS:True.Allvariablesbeginwithanunderscoreorletter.

c>Thestatementcout<<"a=5;";isatypicalexampleofanassignmentstatement.

ANS:False.Thestatementisanoutputstatement.a=5;isoutputtothescreen.

d>AvalidC++arithmeticexpressionwithnoparenthesesisevaluatedfromlefttoright.

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Chapter1

IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions3

ANS:False.Arithmeticoperatorscanappearinanyorderinanexpression.Sincemultiplication,division,andmodulus

havehigherprecendencethanadditionandsubtractionthestatementcannotbetrue.

e>Thefollowingareallinvalidvariablenames:3g,87,67h2,h22,2h.

ANS:False.h22isavalidvariablename.

1.18

Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowing:

a>Whatarithmeticoperationsareonthesamelevelofprecedenceasmultiplication?.

ANS:divisionandmodulus.

b>Whenparenthesesarenested,whichsetofparenthesesisevaluatedfirstinanarithmeticexpression?.

ANS:innermost.

c>Alocationinthecomputer'smemorythatmaycontaindifferentvaluesatvarioustimesthroughouttheexecutionofa

programiscalleda.

ANS:variable.

1.19

What,ifanything,printswheneachofthefollowingC++statementsisperformed?Ifnothingprints,thenanswer"nothing."

Assumex=2andy=3.

a>cout<<x;

ANS:2

b>cout<<x+x;

ANS:4

c>cout<<"x=";

ANS:x=

d>cout<<"x="<<x;

ANS:

x=2

e>cout<<x+y<<"="<<y+x;

ANS:5=5

f>z=x+y;

ANS:nothing.

g>cin>>x>>y;

ANS:23.

h>//cout<<"x+y="<<x+y;

ANS:nothing.

i>cout<<"\n";

ANS:Anewlineisoutputwhichpositionsthecursoratthebeginningofthenextlineonthescreen.

1.20

WhichofthefollowingC++statementscontainvariableswhosevaluesarereplaced?

a>cin>>b>>c>>d>>e>>f;

b>p=i+j+k+7;

c>cout<<"variableswhosevaluesaredestroyed";

d>cout<<"a=5";

ANS:Parts<a>and<b>.

1.21

Giventhealgebraicequationy=ax3+7,whichofthefollowing,ifany,arecorrectC++statementsforthisequation?

a>y=a*x*x*x+7;

b>y=a*x*x*<x+7>;

c>y=<a*x>*x*<x+7>;

d>y=<a*x>*x*x+7;

e>y=a*<x*x*x>+7;

f>y=a*x*<x*x+7>;

ANS:Parts<a>,<d>and<e>.

1.22

StatetheorderofevaluationoftheoperatorsineachofthefollowingC++statementsandshowthevalueofxaftereach

statementisperformed.

a>x=7+3*6/2-1;

ANS:*,/,+,-,=,15

b>x=2%2+2*2-2/2;

ANS:%,*,/,+,-,=,3

c>x=<3*9*<3+<9*3/<3>>>>;

ANS:*,/,+,*,*,324

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4IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutionsChapter1

1.23Writeaprogramthataskstheusertoentertwonumbers,obtainsthetwonumbersfromtheuserandprintsthesum,product,

difference,andquotientofthetwonumbers.

1//Exercise1.23Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum1,num2;//declarevariables

11

12cout<<"Entertwointegers:";//promptuser

13cin>>num1>>num2;//readvaluesfromkeyboard

14

15//outputtheresults

16cout<<"Thesumis"<<num1+num2

17<<"\nTheproductis"<<num1*num2

18<<"\nThedifferenceis"<<num1-num2

19<<"\nThequotientis"<<num1/num2<<endl;

20

21return0;//indicatesuccessfultermination

22}

Entertwointegers:822

Thesumis30

Theproductis176

Thedifferenceis-14

Thequotientis0

1.24Writeaprogramthatprintsthenumbers1to4onthesamelinewitheachpairofadjacentnumbersseparatedbyonespace.

Writetheprogramusingthefollowingmethods:

a>Usingoneoutputstatementwithonestreaminsertionoperator.

b>Usingoneoutputstatementwithfourstreaminsertionoperators.

c>Usingfouroutputstatements.

1//Exercise1.24Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6

7intmain<>

8{

9//PartA

10cout<<"1234\n";

11

12//PartB

13cout<<"1"<<"2"<<"3"<<"4\n";

14

15//PartC

16cout<<"1";

17cout<<"2";

18cout<<"3";

19cout<<"4"<<endl;

20

21return0;

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Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions5

22}

1234

1234

1234

1.25Writeaprogramthataskstheusertoentertwointegers,obtainsthenumbersfromtheuser,thenprintsthelargernumber

followedbythewords"islarger."Ifthenumbersareequal,printthemessage"Thesenumbersareequal."

1//Exercise1.25Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum1,num2;//declaration

11

12cout<<"Entertwointegers:";//prompt

13cin>>num1>>num2;//inputtonumbers

14

15if<num1==num2>

16cout<<"Thesenumbersareequal."<<endl;

17

18if<num1>num2>

19cout<<num1<<"islarger."<<endl;

20

21if<num2>num1>

22cout<<num2<<"islarger."<<endl;

23

24return0;

25}

Entertwointegers:228

22islarger.

1.26Writeaprogramthatinputsthreeintegersfromthekeyboardandprintsthesum,average,product,smallestandlargestof

thesenumbers.Thescreendialogueshouldappearasfollows:

Inputthreedifferentintegers:132714

Sumis54

Averageis18

Productis4914

Smallestis13

Largestis27

1//Exercise1.26Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

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6IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutionsChapter1

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum1,num2,num3,smallest,largest;//declaration

11

12cout<<"Inputthreedifferentintegers:";//prompt

13cin>>num1>>num2>>num3;//input

14

15largest=num1;//assumefirstnumberislargest

16

17if<num2>largest>//isnum2larger?

18largest=num2;

19

20if<num3>largest>//isnum3larger?

21largest=num3;

22

23smallest=num1;//assumefirstnumberissmallest

24

25if<num2<smallest>

26smallest=num2;

27

28if<num3<smallest>

29smallest=num3;

30

31cout<<"Sumis"<<num1+num2+num3

32<<"\nAverageis"<<<num1+num2+num3>/3

33<<"\nProductis"<<num1*num2*num3

34<<"\nSmallestis"<<smallest

35<<"\nLargestis"<<largest<<endl;

36

37return0;

38}

Inputthreedifferentintegers:132714

Sumis54

Averageis18

Productis4914

Smallestis13

Largestis27

1.27Writeaprogramthatreadsintheradiusofacircleandprintsthecircle’sdiameter,circumferenceandarea.Usetheconstant

value3.14159forp.Dothesecalculationsinoutputstatements.<Note:Inthischapter,wehavediscussedonlyintegerconstants

andvariables.InChapter3wewilldiscussfloating-pointnumbers,i.e.,valuesthatcanhavedecimalpoints.>

1//Exercise1.27Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intradius;//declaration

11

12cout<<"Enterthecircleradius:";//prompt

13cin>>radius;//input

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Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions7

14

15cout<<"Diameteris"<<radius*2.0

16<<"\nCircumferenceis"<<2*3.14159*radius

17<<"\nAreais"<<3.14159*radius*radius<<endl;

18

19return0;

20}

Enterthecircleradius:8

Diameteris16

Circumferenceis50.2654

Areais201.062

1.28Writeaprogramthatprintsabox,anoval,anarrowandadiamondasfollows:

**************

*********

***********

*******

*******

*******

*******

*******

**************

1//Exercise1.28Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6

7main<>

8{

9cout<<"**************\n"

10<<"*********\n"

11<<"***********\n"

12<<"*******\n"

13<<"*******\n"

14<<"*******\n"

15<<"*******\n"

16<<"*******\n"

17<<"**************"<<endl;

18

19return0;

20}

1.29Whatdoesthefollowingcodeprint?

cout<<"*\n**\n***\n****\n*****\n";

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8IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutionsChapter1

ANS:

*

**

***

****

*****

1.30Writeaprogramthatreadsinfiveintegersanddeterminesandprintsthelargestandthesmallestintegersinthegroup.Use

onlytheprogrammingtechniquesyoulearnedinthischapter.

1//Exercise1.30Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum1,num2,num3,num4,num5,largest,smallest;

11

12cout<<"Enterfiveintegers:";

13cin>>num1>>num2>>num3>>num4>>num5;

14

15largest=num1;

16smallest=num1;

17

18if<num1>largest>

19largest=num1;

20

21if<num2>largest>

22largest=num2;

23

24if<num3>largest>

25largest=num3;

26

27if<num4>largest>

28largest=num4;

29

30if<num5>largest>

31largest=num5;

32

33if<num1<smallest>

34smallest=num1;

35

36if<num2<smallest>

37smallest=num2;

38

39if<num3<smallest>

40smallest=num3;

41

42if<num4<smallest>

43smallest=num4;

44

45if<num5<smallest>

46smallest=num5;

47

48cout<<"Largestis"<<largest

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Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions9

49<<"\nSmallestis"<<smallest<<endl;

50

51return0;

52}

Enterfiveintegers:882287821

Largestis88

Smallestis8

1.31Writeaprogramthatreadsanintegeranddeterminesandprintswhetheritisoddoreven.<Hint:Usethemodulusoperator.

Anevennumberisamultipleoftwo.Anymultipleoftwoleavesaremainderofzerowhendividedby2.>

1//Exercise1.31Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum;

11

12cout<<"Enteranumber:";

13cin>>num;

14

15if<num%2==0>

16cout<<"Thenumber"<<num<<"iseven."<<endl;

17

18if<num%2!=0>

19cout<<"Thenumber"<<num<<"isodd."<<endl;

20

21return0;

22}

Enteranumber:73

Thenumber73isodd.

1.32Writeaprogramthatreadsintwointegersanddeterminesandprintsifthefirstisamultipleofthesecond.<Hint:Usethe

modulusoperator.>

1//Exercise1.32Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum1,num2;

11

12cout<<"Entertwointegers:";

13cin>>num1>>num2;

14

15if<num1%num2==0>

16cout<<num1<<"isamultipleof"<<num2<<endl;

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10IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutionsChapter1

17

18if<num1%num2!=0>

19cout<<num1<<"isnotamultipleof"<<num2<<endl;

20

21return0;

22}

Entertwointegers:228

22isnotamultipleof8

1.33Displayacheckerboardpatternwitheightoutputstatements,thendisplaythesamepatternwithasfewoutputstatements

aspossible.

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

1//Exercise1.33Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6

7intmain<>

8{

9//Eightoutputstatements

10cout<<"********\n";

11cout<<"********\n";

12cout<<"********\n";

13cout<<"********\n";

14cout<<"********\n";

15cout<<"********\n";

16cout<<"********\n";

17cout<<"********\n\n";

18

19//Oneoutputstatement;3parts

20cout<<"********\n********\n********\n"

21<<"********\n********\n********\n"

22<<"********\n********\n";

23

24cout<<endl;//ensureeverythingisdisplayed

25

26return0;

27}

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Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions11

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

********

1.34Distinguishbetweenthetermsfatalerrorandnon–fatalerror.Whymightyouprefertoexperienceafatalerrorratherthan

anon–fatalerror?

ANS:Afatalerrorcausesaprogramtoterminateprematurely.Anonfatalerroroccurswhenthelogicoftheprogramis

incorrect,andtheprogramdoesnotworkproperly.Afatalerrorispreferredfordebuggingpurposes.Afatalerrorimmediately

letsyouknowthereisaproblemwiththeprogram,whereasanonfatalerrorcanbesubtleandpossiblygoundetected.

1.35Hereisapeekahead.Inthischapteryoulearnedaboutintegersandthetypeint.C++canalsorepresentuppercaseletters,

lowercaselettersandaconsiderablevarietyofspecialsymbols.C++usessmallintegersinternallytorepresenteachdifferentcharacter.

Thesetofcharactersacomputerusesandthecorrespondingintegerrepresentationsforthosecharactersiscalledthatcomputer’s

characterset.Youcanprintacharacterbysimplyenclosingthatcharacterinsinglequotesaswith

cout<<'A';

Youcanprinttheintegerequivalentofacharacterusingstatic_castasfollows:

cout<<static_cast<int><'A'>;

Thisiscalledacastoperation<weformallyintroducecastsinChapter2>.Whentheprecedingstatementexecutes,itprintsthe

value65<onsystemsthatusetheASCIIcharacterset>.Writeaprogramthatprintstheintegerequivalentsofsomeuppercaseletters,

lowercaseletters,digitsandspecialsymbols.Ataminimum,determinetheintegerequivalentsofthefollowing:ABCab

c012$*+/andtheblankcharacter.

1//Exercise1.35Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10charsymbol;

11

12cout<<"Enteracharacter:";

13cin>>symbol;

14

15cout<<symbol<<"'sintegerequivalentis"

16<<static_cast<int><symbol><<endl;

17

18return0;

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12IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutionsChapter1

19}

Enteracharacter:A

A'sintegerequivalentis65

1.36Writeaprogramthatinputsafive-digitnumber,separatesthenumberintoitsindividualdigitsandprintsthedigitsseparated

fromoneanotherbythreespaceseach.<Hint:Usetheintegerdivisionandmodulusoperators.>Forexample,iftheusertypes

in42339theprogramshouldprint

42339

1//Exercise1.36Solution

2#include<iostream>

3

4usingstd::cout;

5usingstd::endl;

6usingstd::cin;

7

8intmain<>

9{

10intnum;

11

12cout<<"Enterafive-digitnumber:";

13cin>>num;

14

15cout<<num/10000<<"";

16num=num%10000;

17cout<<num/1000<<"";

18num=num%1000;

19cout<<num/100<<"";

20num=num%100;

21cout<<num/10<<"";

22num=num%10;

23cout<<num<<endl;

24

25return0;

26}

Enterafive-digitnumber:42339

42339

.2000.Deitel&Associates,Inc.andPrenticeHall.AllRightsReserved.

Chapter1IntroductiontoComputersandC++ProgrammingSolutions13

1.37Usingonlythetechniquesyoulearnedinthischapter,writeaprogramthatcalculatesthesquaresandcubesofthenumbers

from0to10andusestabstoprintthefollowingtableofvalues:

numbersquarecube

000

111

248

3927

41664

525125

636216

749