高中英语北师大版必修四教学案UNIT11SECTION2

Ⅰ.依据词性及汉语意思写出单词1．blamevt.责备，归咎于2．attemptvt.&n.尝试，试图3．attituden.态度，看法4．pretendvt.假装5．approachn.方法，方式6．hirevt.租用，雇用→fire(反义词)开除，解雇7．respectvt.敬重，敬重→respectableadj.值得敬重的→respectfuladj.可敬的→respectiveadj.各自的，分别的8．analysevt.分析→analysisn．分析→analyses(pl.)9．arisevi.发生，消失→arose(过去式)→arisen(过去分词)10．employvt.雇用→employmentn．雇用→employern．雇主→employeen．雇工，雇员11．legaladj.合法的，与法律有关的→illegal(反义词)非法的12．defendvt.保卫，防备；辩白→defensen．防备，保卫→defendern．防备者13．argumentn．争辩，理由→arguev．争辩，争吵14．processn．过程，进程→proceedv．开头进行；行进15．encouragementn．鼓舞→encouragevt.鼓舞Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空16．Advertisementscanreallypromotesales.I'lladvertiseformyproducts.(advertise)17．Whenyouarenotcertainaboutsomething,you'lltrytomakesureofitcertainly.(certain)18．Thetimeforthecinemadoesn'tsuitmefine.Canyouarrangeanothersuitabletime？(suit)19．Hecontributedhimselftohumanpeaceandmadegreatcontributions.(contribute)Ⅲ.补全短语1．infavorof支持；赞成；有利于2．inpublic公开地，当众3．eout出来；出版4．inpetitionwith与……竞争5．consistof由……组成，由……构成6．standout突出，惹眼7．belinkedto/with与……相关联8．makecontributionsto为……做出奉献9．participatein参与，参与10．overthelastdecade在过去的十年中1.Whatdoyouthinkoftheargumentthattakingphotographsoffamouspeopleispartofnewsreporting?对于给名人拍照是新闻报道的一局部这一争辩你怎么看？[句式分析]Whatdoyouthinkof...？意为“你认为……怎么样？〞[佳句赏析]你认为?阿凡达?这部电影怎么样？WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmAvatar?2.Itislikelytobejustthenameofapany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.它很可能仅是一个公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的也许位置。[句式分析]sb./sth.belikelytodosth.＝It'slikelythatsb./sth....“某人或某物很可能……〞。[佳句赏析]这款很可能会受到欢送。Thiscellphoneismostlikelytobepopular.1．Whatdoyouknowaboutthepaparazzi?2．Thinksomeadvertisementsyouhaveseenandwherecanyouseeorhearthem.1．The_paparazzi_are_also_called_“puppy_team〞_in__refers_to_those_journalists_who_are_hunting_the_news_of__like_to_take_photographs_of_famous_people's_private_lives.2．onTV,inthenewspaper,ontheInternet,ontheradio,inthestreet,atbus/train/subwaystation,onthebus,inthemagazine,ontheboard,etc.Ⅰ.Fast­reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextandthenmatchtheparagraphswiththeirtopics.Paragraph1a．Thebinationofdesignandnewideas.Paragraph2b．Thenewandgeneralneedofmodernads.Paragraph3c．Aboutclassicads.Paragraph4d．Thereasonofmakingpeopleforgettheexistenceofads.Paragraph5e．Aboutthepublicads.答案：Paragraph1～5cbade(Ⅱ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Accordingtothewriter,advertisementslike“ShanghaiSewingMachine〞or“TsingTaoBeerCorporation〞are________.A．attractiveB．suitableC．petitiveD．classic2．Nowadays,advertisementswith________aremoreattractivetopeople.A．highstandardsofdesignB．ideaslinkedtotheproductsC．highstandardsofdesignandideaslinkedtotheproductsD．conceptsoffreedom,happiness,wealthandsuccess3．Thetopadvertisersusehumouraswellasnewandunusualideas________.A．tocreatesomethingnewB．topersuadepeopletobuytheirproductsC．tomakepeoplenoticetheirproductsD．alloftheabove4．Publicadvertisementsaremadetoencouragepeopleto________.A．makecontributionstosocietyB．protecttheenvironmentC．improvetheirneighborhoodD．helpotherpeople5．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Howtomakeanattractiveadvertisement.B．Howtosellproductswithadvertisements.C．Whatagoodadvertisementislike.D．Notalladvertisementsaimtomakeaprofit.答案：1～5DCDABⅡ.Careful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandthenfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.ThemainideaofeachpartpurposescontentsPara.1theclassicadsgiveinformationaboutfindingcertain(1)productsa.thenameofapanyb.whatthepanies(2)sellc.wheretheyarelocatedandthe(3)brandnamesPara.2theadsinthemarketattractandholdthe(4)attentionofthepublica.(5)consist_ofpicturesorthewordsofexpertsb.advertisementsthatpeopleenjoylookingatPara.3modernadshighstandardsof(6)visualdesign(7)binethehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive(8)createsomethingthathasneverbeenseenbeforeandisfascinatingforpeopletolookat(9)humour,_newandhavingunusualideasmakecontributionstosocietyencouragecitizenstoparticipateinimprovingtheirneighbourhood，protectingthe(10)environment,_andhelpingotherpeople考点1arisevi.发生，消失[经典例句]Anewdifficultyhasarisen.消失了新的困难。Iaroseearlyinthemorning.我早晨起得很早。arisefrom/outof＝resultfrom产生于，起因于Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.事故常起因于马虎。[辨析比拟]原形过去式过去分词释义arisevi.arosearisen消失；起身risevi.roserisen升起，上升；站起，起床raisevt.raisedraised举起，抬起；哺育arousevt.arousedaroused唤起1．选词填空arise,raise,rise,arouse①Thatquestionthatwewereworriedaboutarose.②Hefellintoasoundsleep,don'tarousehim.③Itishardtoraisefivechildrenforthefamily.④Theyrosefromthetable.2．句型转换⑤Illnessoftenarisesfromfood.→Illnessoftenresults_fromfood.考点2blamevt.责备；归咎于n．责任；指责[经典例句]Abadworkmanblameshistools.拙匠埋怨工具差。Ioftengettheblameforyourmistakes.我常常为你代过。blamesb.forsth.因某事指责某人betoblame(forsth.)对(某事)负有责任taketheblamefor...承当……的责任blamesth.onsb.把某事归罪于某人lay/puttheblameonsb.把某事归咎于某人OurputerisbrokenandFatherisblamingitonme.我们的电脑坏了，父亲正怪罪我。Sheblamedhimforthefailureoftheirmarriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他。Someclimatescientistssaidthatmankindistoblameforglobalwarming.一些气候学家说，人类应当为全球变暖负责任。Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.我们愿对所发生的事负责。[名师点津]blame有一个用法比拟特别的搭配，即betoblameforsth.，其中blame用主动形式表示被动含义。[语境串记]Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfaretoblameforit.不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该怪你自己。完成句子①警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的马虎驾驶。Thepoliceblamed_the_traffic_accident_onJack'scarelessdriving.②那次事故不能怪孩子们。Thechildrenwere_not_to_blame_fortheaccident.③你们必需对这次飞机失事负责。Youhavetotake_the_blame_fortheaircrash.考点3employvt.雇用，聘请；使用[经典例句]Hehasnoworkexperience,soatleastatthismomentwecan'temployhim.他没有工作阅历，所以至少目前我们还不能雇用他。(1)employsb.todosth.雇用某人做某事employsb.as...雇用某人作为……employsth.todosth.利用某物做某事employoneselfin...＝beemployedin...从事……，忙于(2)employern.雇主employeen.雇员(un)employmentn.就业/失业outofemploy(ment)失业She'semployedasataxidriver.她受雇当出租车司机。Theyemployedhertolookafterthebaby.他们雇用她照料那个婴儿。Youshouldemployyourmoneymorewiselytobuythingsbadlyneeded.你应当更明智地用你的钱来买最需要的东西。Hewasbusilyemployedincleaninghisshoes.他正忙着擦他的鞋子。Howlonghasshebeeninyouremployment?她被你雇用多长时间了？1．单句语法填空①Thepanyhas200employees(employ)．②Thesecretaryworkedforthesameemployer(employ)for20years.③Theemployment(employ)ratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocalgovernment.2．句型转换④Shehasbeenoutofworkforsixmonths.→Shehasn'tbeenemployedforsixmonths.→Shehasbeenoutofemploy_(ment)forsixmonths.⑤HewasbusyinlearningEnglish.→HeemployedhimselfinlearningEnglish.→HewasemployedinlearningEnglish.⑥Ihiredfivepeopletohelpmeraiseducks.→Iemployedfivepeopletohelpmeraiseducks.考点4attemptvt.&n．尝试，试图[经典例句]Heattemptedtopasstheexambutfailed.他试图通过考试，但失败了。Hedidn'tsucceed,butitwasagoodattempt.他虽然没有胜利，但那是一次很棒的尝试。(1)attempttodosth.＝makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.试图做某事inanattempttodosth.试图做某事at/onthefirstattempt第一次尝试(2)attemptedadj.未遂的，意图的anattemptedsuicide/murder自杀/谋杀未遂Theyareattemptingtoclimbthesteepestpartofthemountain.他们正尝试攀登那座山最陡峭的局部。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape.囚犯妄图逃跑。Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.为了削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。Ipassedmydrivingtestat/onthefirstattempt.我考驾驶执照时，一次就通过了。完成句子①第一次考试不及格的同学可参与补考。Thestudentswhoarenotsuccessfulat/on_the_first_attemptmaytaketheexamagain.②我没有准备和她做伴侣。Imade_no_attempttomakefriendswithher.③时间这么短，别想干这么多的事。Don'tattempt_to_do/make_any_attempt_at_doingsomuchinsuchashorttime.考点5defendvt.防备；保卫；辩白；爱护；为……辩护[经典例句]Wemustdefendourcountry.我们必需保卫我们的国家。Youhavearighttodefendyourselfifyouarebeingattacked.假设你正患病攻击，你有权进行防卫。(1)defend...from/against...爱护……免于……(2)defence/defensen.防护；防备；国防；防备物；防备工事；辩论；抗辩indefenseof为了保卫；辩护……；拥护Hedefendedmefrom/againstanyanimal'sattack.他爱护我免受动物的攻击。Offenceisthebestdefense.进攻是最好的防备。Itwasbraveofhimtospeakindefenceofme.他英勇地站起来为我辩护。[辨析比拟]defend指“保卫〞、“防备〞，应用范围很广，对象可以是详细的，也可以是抽象的guard指“保卫〞、“保卫〞，指留意观看、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或损害protect指“爱护〞，以免患病危急或损害等Troopshavebeensenttodefendtheborders.已派出去保卫边疆。Thedogwasguardingitsowner'sluggage.狗守护着仆人的行李。Theyhuddledtogethertoprotectthemselvesfromthewind.他们挤在一起，免受风吹。1．选词填空：defend,guard,protect①Hemadealongspeechtodefendhisownidea.②Hekeepsadogtoguardthehouse.③Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.2．完成句子④Alltheofficersaretrainedtodefend_themselves_against/from(爱护他们自己免于)knifeattacks.⑤Hegavehislifein_defense_of(为了保卫)hiscountry.考点6beinfavourof支持，赞同；恩惠，关心[经典例句]I'minfavourofyoursuggestion.我赞同你的建议。I'mallinfavourofequalpayforequalwork.我完全支持同工同酬。(1)inone'sfavour对某人有利asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.求人关心owesb.afavour欠某人一个人情dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人忙(2)favouriteadj.最宠爱的favourableadj.赞同的；顺当的，有利的befavourableto对……来说是有利的Thesituationisinourfavour.形势对我们有利。CouldyoudomeafavourandpickupSamfromschooltoday?今日你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？1．完成句子①CanIask_you_a_favour(请您帮个忙),please?Ican'tcarrytheheavybox.②ItalkedtoSusieaboutthetrip,andsheis_all_in_favour_of(完全赞成)going.2．用favour的相关短语完成小语篇③请你关心扫瞄下这份文件好吗？我希望你能帮我这个忙。你知道我始终都支持你的，而且我觉得做这些事对你也是有好处的。CouldIask_you_a_favour?Wouldyougothroughthepapersforme?Ihopeyoucando_me_a_favour.YouknowIamalwaysin_favour_ofyou.AndIthinkdoingsuchthingsisin_your_favour.考点7pretendv．假装[教材原句]Pretendingtobearepairmantogetintothehouseofafilmstarandtakepicturesofherdailylife.假扮成一个修理工人进入一个电影明星家里，对她的日常生活拍照。pretendtobe假装是……pretendtodosth.假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth.假装做过某事pretendthat...假装Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,sayingnothingabouttheargument.莎拉假装很快乐，未对争辩发表什么意见。Hepretendednottoseemewhenhepassedbyme.当他经过我时，他假装没有观察我。Theboypretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.老师进来时，那个男孩假装正在读书。Hepretendednottohaveheardaboutit.他假装没听过这件事。完成句子①她假装不熟悉我。Shepretendedthatshe_didn't_know_me.②迈克假装已经读过了那本书。Mikepretendedto_have_read_the_book.③玛丽佯称有病作为借口。Marypretendedto_be_illasanexcuse.④那位教授并不自命为科学家。Theprofessordoesnotpretendto_be_a_scientist.⑤她是真哭还是假哭呢？Isshereallycrying_or_pretending?考点8hirevt.租用，雇用[教材原句]Hiringahelicoptertotakepicturesofthefilmstar'sbighousefromtheair.租用一架直升机从空中给电影明星的大房子拍照。Let'shireacarfortheweekend,shallwe?我们租辆车过周末，好吗？Butwhowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedo?但是谁会聘用他，他又会做什么呢？(1)hiresth.out(to)把某物出租(给)hiresb.todosth.聘用某人做某事hireoneself(out)to受雇于(2)hiren.租用，雇用on/forhire可供出租beonhirefrom从……处租用Thisisalittlepanythathiresboatsouttotourists.这是一家向游客出租游船的小公司。JackhiredhimselftoanITpany.杰克受雇于一家信息技术公司。Thecraneisonhirefromaconstructionpany.吊车是从一家建筑公司租来的。[辨析比拟]hire多指短期租用物品、车船等，也可指按工作量或时间雇用人手employ多指商店或公司长期雇用人手rent多指长期租借房屋、地产等，也可指租用其他物品选词填空：hire,employ,rent①Ourpanyemployedabout100workers.②Nick'sbeenrentinghishouseforfiveyearsnow,andhecan'taffordtobuy.③I'dliketohireacleanertocleanmyhousethisweekend.考点9respectvt.敬重；敬重n．敬重，敬意；细节，方面[教材原句]Themediashouldrespectfamouspeople'sprivacy.媒体应当敬重名人的隐私。Thechildmustbetaughttorespectthetruthandtotellthetruth.应当教孩子敬重事实、讲实话。(1)respectsb.forsth.因某事而敬重某人respectsb.as敬重某人为……(2)show/haverespectforsb.敬重某人withrespect敬重地withrespectto＝inrespectof关于，就……而言inthis/thatrespect在这/那一方面Shehasalwaysbeenhonestwithme,andIrespectherforthis.她对我始终很真诚，我特别敬重她这一点。Weshouldshowrespectforourparents.我们应当敬重父母。Ican'tagreewithyouropinioninthisrespect.在这方面我不赞同你的意见。完成句子①Wearetaughttoshow_respect_for(对……表示敬重)theelders.②Thisistruewith_respect_to(就……而言)EnglishbutnottoFrench.③Werespected_him_as(尊他为)anexpertin_this_respect(这方面),buthedisappointedus.考点10certainadj.某种，某些；确定的[教材原句]Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.传统的广告只为找到某种产品供应信息。(1)某一，某些(作定语)Itremainsacertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueofhisinvention.人们对他的创造的有用价值还存在某种疑虑。ForcertainpersonalreasonsIshallnotbeabletoattendthemeeting.由于某些个人的缘由，我将不能出席会议。(2)确定的，确信的，确定的，无疑的(作表语)I'mnotabsolutelycertain,butIthinkI'mright.我不是特别确定，但我想我是对的。Internetratesseemcertaintorisenextmonth.看起来利率下个月确定会上升。becertainof/about确信，深信becertaintodosth.必定/肯定做某事becertainthat...确定/确信……benotcertainwhether...不能确定是否……forcertain确定地，确凿地makecertainof/that...把……弄清晰，确保，保证Itis/wascertainthat...确定……Let'smakecertainthatwe'llgetseats.我们要设法确保大家都有位子坐。Itiscertainthathewillagree.＝Heiscertaintoagree.他确定会同意。[名师点津]certain和sure作“确定的，确信的，对……有把握的〞讲时，意思相同；除It'scertainthat...句型中用certain不用sure外，其他搭配也相同。1．选词填空：certain,sure①Heissuretobebacksoon.②Itisnotcertainwhenitwilltakeplace.2．句型转换③Theyarecertainthattheywillsucceed.→Theyarecertaintosucceed.→Theyarecertainofsuccess.→Itiscertainthatthey'llsucceed.→They'llsucceedforcertain.④Forsomereason,hedidn'tetothemeetingyesterday.→Foracertainreason,_hedidn'tetothemeetingyesterday.考点11suitableadj.适宜的[教材原句]However，thiskindofadvertisingmightnotbesuitablewhenthereareproductsandservicesindirectpetitionwitheachotherinthemarketplace.然而，当产品和效劳在市场上相互进行直接竞争时，这种广告可能就不适合了。OurEnglishteacherusesuitableandvariedteachingmethodsaccordingtoourEnglishlevel.我们的英语老师依据我们的英语水平采纳了多种适当的教学方法。(1)besuitablefor/to适合于besuitabletodosth.适合做某事(2)suitvt.(使)适合suit...to...使……适合于……besuitedfor/to适合于besuitedtodosth.适合做某事Thisbook,writteninsimpleEnglish,issuitableforbeginners.这本书是用简洁的英语写的，适合于初学者。Thatsongdoesn'tsuithervoice.那首歌不适合她的嗓子。Hesuitedhisspeechtotheaudience.他使自己的演说适合听众的口味。1．句型转换①Thisplaceissuitabletorelaxyourself.→Thisplaceissuitedtorelaxyourself.2．完成句子②他不适合干这种工作。Hewasn'tsuitable/suited_for/tothejob.③除了价格，这外套的颜色也不适合我。Besidestheprice,thecolorofthecoatdoesn'tsuit_me.考点12consistof由……组成[教材原句]Someadvertisementsconsistofpicturesorthewordsofexpertstoshowpeoplehowgoodtheproductsare.有些广告中含有图片或专家说的话，告知人们该产品如何好。Aweekconsistsofsevendays.一周由七天组成。(1)consistinsth.在于……，存在于……consistwith与……全都(2)consistentadj.前后全都的；相符的beconsistentin在……方面全都beconsistentwith与……全都；符合Happinessconsistsinhealth.幸福在于健康。Thepolitician'sactionsdonotconsistwiththepromiseshemadeinhisspeeches.这个政治家的所作所为与他在演讲中的承诺并不全都。[名师点津]consistof和bemadeupof都表示“由……组成〞，前者用主动语态，后者用被动语态。1．句型转换①Ourclassismadeupof50students.→Ourclassconsistsof50students.②Hissuccessconsistsinhisdiligence.→Hissuccessisconsistentinhisdiligence.2．完成句子③人的一生将会由幸福与哀痛组成。Alifewillconsist_of/be_made_up_ofhappinessandsorrow.④这座城市的美在于它独特的建筑风格。Thebeautyofthecityconsists_intheuniquestyleofitsbuildings.⑤这项证据与你从前所说的不全都。Theevidencedoesnotconsist_withwhatyousaidearlier.考点13standout突出，惹眼[教材原句]Modernadvertisementsmuststandoutinaworldfullofpetitionbybiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.现代的广告必需把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增加吸引力，这样才能在剧烈的竞争中胜出。Theredprintstandsoutverywell.红体字特别醒目。Shestandsoutasthebestintheclass.她是全班最杰出的同学。(1)standby袖手旁观；支持，忠于standfor是……的缩写；代表，象征standup起立，站立；耐/抗得住(2)outstandingadj.杰出的，出众的I'llstandbyyouwhateverhappens.无论发生什么事情我都会支持你。Thisplantcanstandupwelltothecold.这种植物能耐寒冷。用stand短语的适当形式填空①UNstands_fortheUnitedNations.②Allthestudentsstood_upwhentheteacherenteredtheclassroom.③Hisheightmakeshimstand_outinthecrowd.④Therewereseveralpeoplestanding_bywhentheaccidenthappened.考点14approachn．方法，方式v．走近，接近；与……接洽[教材原句]Formanyoftoday'sadvertisers,repeatingoldideasisnotasuccessfulapproach.对于今日很多的广告人来说，重复那些已经过时的理念不是一种胜利的途径。Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustthinkaboutbuyinganewhouse.是时候想一想买新居子的事了。(1)theapproachto...……的入口，……的方法withtheapproachof...随着……的接近makeanapproachtosth.对……进行探讨makeanapproachtosb.接近某人，与某人接洽与某人接洽/商议?/交涉某事Withtheapproachofwinter,theweatherbecamecolder.随着冬天的接近，天气变得更冷了。Don'tmakeapproachestothatfellow.不要接近那个家伙。Iapproachedhimaboutfillingthemanager'sjob.我找他商议?，问他有无意思担当经理。1．单句语法填空①Silentlyweapproached(approach)theenemy'scamp.②Theyhadtoworkintemperaturesapproaching(approach)35℃.③Alltheapproachestothepalacewereguardedbytroops.④Maryapproachedmefor/aboutthedresssheworeattheparty.2．完成句子⑤Heapproached_me_about_borrowing(找我借)somemoney.⑥Areyougoodatmaking_approaches_to(与……打交道)strangers?考点15contributionn．捐款，捐助，奉献；促成[教材原句]Somecontemporaryadvertisementsmainlyaimtomakecontributionstosociety.目前有些广告致力于为社会做奉献。Igiveaten­dollarcontributiontothechurcheverySunday.我每个星期天捐10美元给教会。(1)makecontributionsto为……作奉献(2)contributev.捐献，捐款，奉献；有助于；促成；投稿contributeto有助于；促成；投稿contribute...to...向……捐款/供应……Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.适当的运动量有助于健康。Thedoctormakesagreatcontributiontotheresearch.这位医生对这项讨论作出了巨大的奉献。Hecontributed5,000dollarstothedisaster­hitareas.他给灾区捐了5000美元。[语境串记]HehascontributedanarticletoChinaDaily,sayingthatmanyChinesepeopleinmainlandarecontributingtheirmoneytotyphoon­hitareasinTaiwan,whichwillcontributetoabetterunderstandingbetweentwoparts.他向?中国日报?投稿说，大陆很多人向台湾受台风攻击的灾区捐款，这将有助于两地人民更好地相互理解。完成句子①宋朝为世界文明奉献出三大创造。TheSongDynastycontributed_three_great_inventions_toworldcivilization.②吸烟会导致肺癌吗？Doessmokingcontribute_tolungcancer?③全部给红十字会的捐献，不管数量多少，我们都将特别感谢。All_contributions_totheRedCross,howeversmall,willbegreatlyappreciated.1．It_is_likely_to_bejustthenameofapany,partofwhichmaybeagenerallocation.它很可能只是一个公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大致位置。句中likely是形容词，表示“很可能的〞。likely的常用句型有：(1)belikelytodosth.可能做某事(2)Itislikelythat...可能……Arewelikelytoarriveintime?我们可能准时到达吗？—Isitlikelythatthetrainwillbelate?—No,it'snotverylikely.——火车有可能会晚点吗？——不，好似不太可能。Heislikelytoattendthemeeting.＝Itislikelythathewillattendthemeeting.他可能会出席会议。[名师点津]likely常与very,most连用，表示“很，特别〞，加强语气。likely的反义词是unlikely。Mostlikelytheladyisinhersixties.这位女士很有可能60多岁了。[辨析比拟]易混词语气强弱主语常用句型likely语气较possible强，较probable弱作表语时，主语为人、物或形式主语itbelikelytodosth.Ibable语气最强作表语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语一般为that引导的从句Itisprobablethat...possible语气最弱作表语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语一般为不定式或that引导的从句Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Itispossiblethat...[语境串记]Itispossiblebutnotprobablethatitwillrainbeforeevening.黄昏前可能下雨，但不见得会下。一句多译他可能会赢得这场竞赛。①It's_likely_that_he_will_win_the_game.②He_is_likely_to_win_the_game.③It's_possible_for_him_to_win_the_game.④It's_possible/probable_that_he_will_win_the_game.2．However,not_alladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandservicesforaprofit.然而，并非全部的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和效劳的。(1)局部否认：句中notall...(＝all...not)为局部否认，意为“并非都……〞。英语中的不定代词all,both,each,every,everybody,everything和形容词或副词often,usually,plete,pletely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的词与否认词not连用时，构成局部否认，表示“不都，并非都〞的意思。OurEnglishteacherisexcellent,butshecan'thelpeveryoneintheclassin50minutes.我们的英语老师特别优秀，但她不能在50分钟内关心每一个人。Therichmenarenotalwayshappy.有钱的人并非总是幸福的。(2)全部否认：不定代词no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,noone和否认副词或短语never,nowhere,nomore,nolonger等与确定式谓语一起使用构成全部否认。Noneofthebooksareusefultousforthemoment.这些书对我们临时都没用。NeitherofthemcanspeakEnglish.他们俩都不会讲英语。1．句型转换①Bothofyouhaven'tpassedtheexam.(改为全部否认)→Neitherofyouhaspassedtheexam.②Noneofuswasallowedtogothere.(改为局部否认)→Allofuswerenotallowedtogothere.2．完成句子③并非这两个同学都宠爱这个故事。Both_of_the_studentsdon'tlikethestory.④这两个同学都不宠爱这个故事。NeitherofthestudentsNeitherofthestudentslikesthestory.动名词[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①...buyingacarcanmakeyoufree.②Itisnogoodlearningatheorywithoutpractice.③Otherstrytocreateadvertisementsthatpeoplesimplyenjoylookingat.④Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.⑤...alotofmoneyisspendingonapplyingmoderntechniquesofdesigntomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.⑥Hishobbyiswatchingfootballgames.⑦Forexample,itcouldbe“ShanghaiSewingMachine〞...(1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，只是句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。(3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。[语法剖析]一、动名词的定义动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具出名词和动词的特征。具出名词的特征主要反映在它在句子中可以充当主语和宾语等；具有动词的特征主要反映在它可以带宾语，也可以受到状语的修饰。动名词和宾语或状语构成动名词短语。二、动名词的根本形式动名词由动词原形加词尾­ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn为例列表如下：主动语态被动语态一般式learningbeinglearned完成式havinglearnedhavingbeenlearned1.动名词的一般式结构：主动用doing;被动用beingdone动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。Goingtobedearlyandrisingearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间)Idon'trememberevermeetingyousomewhere.我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前)Doctorsadvisegivingupsmoking.医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后)Iappreciatebeinggiventhisopportunity.我很感谢给了我这个时机。2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。结构：主动用havingdone;被动用havingbeendoneTheoldmanthankedmeforhavinghelpedhimfindhisrelative'shouse.那位老汉感谢我帮他找到亲戚的家。Idon'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.我不记得曾被赐予做这件事的时机。3．动名词的否认式：由“not＋动名词〞构成。Sheregrettednotlisteningtoyou,whichcausedthismistake.她懊悔没有听你的话，导致了这一错误。Hisnothavingdonehishomeworkmadehisteacherveryangry.他没有完成作业使老师很生气。1－1.单句语法填空①Thechildrencouldn'thelplaughing(laugh)whentheyheardthefunnystory.②Thankyouforhaving_given_(give)mesomuchhelp.③Sheregrettednot_having_seen(notsee)thefilm.④I'mtiredofbeing_treated(treat)likeachild.1－2.完成句子①Hedoesn'tlikehislittledogbeing_shut_in_the_house(被关在屋里)．②Mycellphonewantsrepairing/to_be_repaired(修理)．③Isthemovieworth_seeing(值得看)?④Sheapologizedfornot_having_helped_me(没有关心我)．三、动名词的句法功能动名词具出名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1．作主语Plantingmanytreesisverygoodforourenvironment.植树对我们的环境特别有好处。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在这种条件下工作不是开心而是苦痛。[名师点津](1)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/awasteoftime/fundoingsth.句型中，用it作形式主语，后面的动名词作真正的主语。It'snogoodarguingwithhim.与他争辩是没有好处的。(2)动名词作主语泛指常常性的动作，而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、详细的动作。Beinginvitedtothepalaceballmadeherexcited.被邀请参与宫廷舞会使得她特别兴奋。Tobeinvitedtothepalaceballwouldbeexciting.受邀参与宫廷舞会将是令人兴奋的事。2．作宾语(1)作动词宾语Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意翻开窗子吗？Isuggestsettingoffatonce.我建议马上动身。[名师点津]接动名词作宾语的常见动词有：防止错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practise)宠爱想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)成认否认与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)躲避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Let'spractisesingingthissong.咱们来练习唱这首歌。Manypeopleenjoysunbathingonthebeachinsummer.夏季，很多人宠爱在沙滩上享受日光浴。Isuggestdoingitinanotherway.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。(2)作介词宾语Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要依据自己的方法做。Ihaveneverdreamedofvisitingthatplace.我从未幻想过要参观那个地方。[名师点津]接动名词作宾语的常见介词搭配有：getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事devoteoneselftodoingsth.献身于做某事getdowntodoingsth.开头做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.期望做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事Idon'tthinkweshouldputoffhavingthemeeting.我认为我们不应当推迟开那个会议。Wewereusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.我们以前习惯早起。ProfessorWangdevoteshislifetoprotectinganimals.王教授为爱护动物奉献一生。(3)有些动词或词组后跟动名词或不定式都可以，但意思不同。这样的动词常见的有：forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon等。IrememberbeingtakentotheSummerPalacetoday.今日我还记得被带去颐和园的情景。(已去过)Pleaseremembertoeandplaywithmeagainsomeday.请记住以后有时间再来玩。(还没来)HowIregretnotacceptinghissuggestions.我多么懊悔没有接受他的建议呀。Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailed.很圆满告知你，你失败了。(4)以下动词可接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone。Yourhairdeservescutting.你的头发该理了。Thebikeneedsrepairing.＝Thebikeneedstoberepaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。3．作表语动名词作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释。这时主语和表语位置可以互换。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作是看这些孩子。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最恨的就是被别人称赞。4．作定语动名词作定语一般表示所修饰名词的用途。Thereisalargeswimmingpoolinthegarden.花园里边有一个大的游泳池。Thewritingtableismadeofexpensivewood.＝Thetableforwritingismadeofexpensivewood.这张写字台是珍贵木材做的。[名师点津]动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，其间不存在规律上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着规律上的主谓关系；过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词在规律上有被动关系；不定式作定语常表示将来动作。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中国是一个开展中国家。Thedevelopedcountriesalsoneedhelpfromothercountriesintheworld.兴旺国家也需要世界上其他国家的关心。Ihavemanyletterstoprint.我有很多信件要打印。①再等他是没有用的。It'snousewaiting_for_him_any_longer.②网上谈天是铺张时间。It'sawasteoftimechatting_on_line.③虽然这件事情很值得做，但目前还不需要做。Whilethismatteris_well_worth_doing,_butitdoesn't_need_doing/to_be_doneatthemoment.④我希望着出国旅游。Ilookforwardtogoing_abroad_to_travel.四、动名词的复合结构假设动名词有自己的规律主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其规律主语一般由名词、物主代词、名词全部格或人称代词的宾格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词全部格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。Doyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?你介意我翻开门吗？Ican'timagineMary's/Marymarryingsuchaman.我无法想象玛丽竟然嫁给了这么一个人。[名师点津]当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其规律主语只用全部格或物主代词表示。Thestudents'knowingEnglishwellwillhelpthemtolearnFrench.同学学好英语对学习法语有关心。①玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。Mary's_ing_latemadetheteacherangry.②我担忧的是你转变办法。Myworryisyour_changing_your_mind.③我不在乎他走。Idon'tmindhis/him_going.④你听见开门声了吗？Doyouhearthesoundofthe_door_being_opened?[应用实战]一、链接高考单句语法填空1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120­pluspandasatChengdu...2．(新课标卷Ⅱ)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedaboutbeing(be)lateforschool...3．(浙江高考)Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.4．(江苏高考)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeing_reduced(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.5．(北京高考)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandcorrecting(correct)them.6．(福建高考)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.7．(上海高考)It'snouseplaining(plain)withouttakinganyaction.二、针对演练Ⅰ.指出以下句子中动名词的用法1．Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork？介词宾语2．Seeingisbelieving.主语和表语3．Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.主语4．Iwasmetbyawelingpartyattheairport.定语5．I'mlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain.介词宾语6．Swimmingafterworkisveryrelaxing.主语和表语7．Ican'timagineeverleavingthispany.宾语8．Itisnousearguing_with_himaboutsuchamatter.主语Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Henarrowlyescapedbeing_run(run)over.2．Hisarmwasnotinasling,andshowednosignofhaving_been_damaged(damage)．3．Excusemeformyinterrupting(interrupt)you.4