2021届南昌市第十七中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案

2021届南昌市第十七中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABritain'sbrilliantbridgeshaveaidedtradeandbroughtcommunitiestogetherandarealwaysthemostexcitingpartofthejourney.Thesemust-seebridgesarenowtouristattractionsintheirownright.CliftonSuspensionBridge,BristolDescribedbyitslegendaryengineerIsambardKingdomBrunelas“myfirstlove,mydarling”,inwasoriginallydesignedforhorse-drawntraffic.Now,morethanfourmillionvehiclesayearcrossthe1,352ft-Jongtoll（收费）bridgeovertheAvonGorge.The£ltollforeveryjourneypaysforitsrepair.Thehistoryofthebridge,datingbackto1864,iskeptalivethroughaprogrammeoftours,eventsandexhibitions.InfinityBridge,Stockton-On-TeesApedestrianandcyclefootbridgeacrosstheRiverTees,itsworkingtitlewastheNorthShoreFootbridge,beforeitwasgivenitsgrandernamewhenopenedin2009.Itisparticularlyspectacular（壮观）atnight.Thearchesofthebridgearealsolitwhiteand,oncalmnights,theirreflectioninthewaterappearsasaninfinitysymbol,therebyinspiringthenamewhichwaschosenbythepublic.TowerBridge,LondonAnengineeringwonderbuiltfromthousandsoftonsofCornishgranite,Portlandstoneandsteel,ittookconstructionworkerseightyearstocomplete.Morethan120yearsold,it'sapopulartouristattraction,aswellasafunctionalbridge.VisitorscantakeintheviewsoverthecapitalandexperienceseeingLondonlifethroughtheGlassFloor.IronBridge,ShropshireOpenedin1781,thisisthefirstarchbridgeintheworldtobemadeoutofcastiron.Recognisedasoneofthegreatsymbolsoftheindustrialrevolution,ittransformedthecartofbridgebuildingandwasacrucialfactorinthedevelopmentoftheirontradeinShropshire.Whichbridgehasthelongesthistory?A.CliftonSuspensionBridge. B.InfinityBridge.C.TowerBridge. D.IronBridge.WhatcanweknowaboutInfinityBridge?A.Peoplecanjustwalkonit.B.Thepublicgiveittwonames.C.It'swellworthvisitingatnight. D.It'sarchisthebiggestontheearth.WhatdoCliftonSuspensionBridgeandTowerBridgehaveincommon?A.Theyarebothover120yearsold. B.Visitorsshouldpayforpassingthem.C.Theyhavethesameoriginaldesign. D.VisitorscanhaveagoodviewofLondononthem.BEverydayintheUnitedStatesanimalsarebeaten,ignored,orforcedtostruggleforsurvival.Leftinpoorconditionswithnofoodorwater,theyhavelittlehopeastheyliveouttheirdayswithoutthemercytheydeserve.Somearefoundandrescued,giventhechancetoexperiencehowgreatlifeandhumanscanbe;othersaren'tsolucky.Togrowasanation,wemustfightfortheseabused（受虐待的）animals'rightsandseriouslypunishheartlessowners.Oneofthefirststepsinprotectinganimalsandcreatingeffectivecrueltylawsistoknowwhatanimalcrueltyactuallyis.Therearetwocategories:passivecrueltyandactivecruelty.Thefirstinvolvesactsofomission,meaningtheabusehappensasaresultofignoranceorlackofaction.Passivecrueltymightseemlessserious,butthatisnotthecase;itcanleadtoterriblepainandsuffering,andfinallydeath.Examplesincludestarvation,inadequateshelterinextremeweatherconditions,andthefailuretogetmedicalcare.Passivecrueltyissometimesduetotheowner'signorance,somanyanimalcontrolofficerswillfirsttrytoeducateignorantownersonhowtoproperlycareforanimalsbeforegivingthemacitation（传票）orputtingtheminprison.Activecruelty,ontheotherhand,ismorewell-knownanddisturbing.Sometimesreferredtoasnon-accidentalinjury,thistypeofabuseinvolvespurposefulharmonananimalinordertofeelmorepowerfulorgaincontrol.Activecrueltyagainstanimalsshouldbetakenveryseriously,sinceitcanbeasignthatapersonhasseriouspsychologicalissuesandmaycommitmoreactsofviolence---possiblyagainsthumans.Itishardtotelljustwhatdrivespeopletoharminnocentanimals.Mostanimalabusersfindsomesortofachievementorpowerintorturingavictimthattheyknowcan'tfightback.Whilenotallanimalabusersbecomeserialkillers,itisimportanttotakeeverycaseseriously.Asanationweneedtomakeitourrighttocometogetherandensurethesafetyofourbelovedpets.AsMargaretMeadoncesaid,“Neverdoubtthatasmallgroupofthoughtful,committedcitizenscanchangetheworld.Indeed,itistheonlythingthateverhas.”Whatisthefirststeptodowiththepassivecrueltyabusers?A.Tothrowthemintoprison. B.Tobringthecasetothecourt.C.Toteachthemhowtotreatanimals.D.Togivethemastrongwarning.WecanlearnfromPara.3thatactivecruelty .isactuallyasignofpowerorcontrolhasbeentakenseriouslyinthenationmayleadtoseriouspsychologicalproblemsmaycauseactsofviolenceagainsthumansWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsanimalcruelty?A.Uncertain. B.Doubtful.C.Concerned. D.Pessimistic.Theauthorwrotethispassageto .warnthoseheartlesspetownerstellpeopletheharmofanimalcrueltyexplainthereasonswhypeopleharmanimalscallonpeopletofightfortheabusedanimalsCPeggyWhitson'sjobdemandsadailytwo-hourworkoutinagymwhereweighthasnomeaningandtheviewchangesat17,000milesanhour.Whitsonmakesitlookeasy.At57,sheistheoldestwomantoflyinspace,breakingtherecordlastNovember,2016,whenshebeganherthirdlong-termstayattheInternationalSpaceStation.AfterreturninghomeinSeptember,2017,theNASAastronautfeltmatter--of--factabouttheagemilestone.“Itwasn'tarecordIwasseekingfor,”Whitsonsaid.“Iwas42and48formyfirsttwospaceflights.IfeelluckythatIwasabletogettodoanotheroneinmy50s.Idon'tthinkpeopleshouldletagediscouragethem,evenonthosejobsthatrequiresomeamountofphysicalfitness.TheoldestmanisJohnGlenn(at77),andwe'vehadmaleastronautsintheir60sbefore,soit'sjustamatteroftimebeforewomenstartflyinginspaceatthisage”.Ontheearth,shestaysfitbyweightlifting,biking,playingbasketballandwaterskiing.Shesharedwhatit'sliketoliveinmicrogravity:“It'slikeyou'reinaswimmingpool,butyoudon'thavetoworryaboutbreathing.IfIpushofffromoneside,I'mgoingtofloattotheotherside.Everydirectionfeelsexactlythesame,whichisreallyhardforyourbraintograsp,butit'samazinghowfastyouadapt.It'sabigshockforthebodytocomebacktoEarth—everythingissoheavy.Wespendalotoftimegettingusedtobeingbackingravityagain.Backpainwasreallythemostdramaticformethistime.Forme,cominghomeisharderthangoingupintospace.HowlongdidPeggyWhitsonspendforherthirdstayintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.About300days. B.About708days. C.About107days. D.About57days.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymeaninthepassage?A.Amazing. B.Notsurprising. C.Enthusiastic. D.Unbelievable.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?PeggyWhitsonlikesswimmingmost.PeggyWhitsonistheoldestpersontoflyinspace.PeggyWhitsonhadbeeninspacein2002and2008.Therehadbeenfemaleastronautsover60sflyinginspacebefore.WhichofthefollowingwillPeggyWhitsonprobablysay?Youcanstillbesuccessfulanddophysicalthingswhenold.Ispentquitealotoftimegettingusedtothelifeinspace.Themomentwereachedtheearth,wefeltsorelaxed.IfeelluckythatIamphysicallywellafterthewholejourney.DRecyclingplastichasalwaysbeenastop-starteffort,andthewidevarietyofplasticsweproduce,thepollutionfromwaste,andotherlimitationsmakerecyclinganeconomic（经济）problem.It’sestimated（估计）only9%ofplasticevercreatedhasbeenrecycled.Butwiththehelpofachemicalprocess,CanadianMirandaWangandhercompanyBioCellectionwanttochangethat.Stabilityisoneofplasticgreatestqualitiesanddownside.There'slimitedevidencethatsomeplasticscanbiodegrade（生物降解）butlargelyphoto-plasticsdegradeinthesun.It/salongprocess,andthetruthisthatwecanonlyestimatehowlongittakes.WangislookingtobreaktheinactionandBioCellection'staskistomakemostplasticwasterecyclable.Sheoutlinestwocurrentmethods.Oneistotakeplasticslikewaterbottles,washthem,cutthem,meltandreconstitutethem.“That'saverylimitedprocess”shesays,duetotherequirementthatplasticsbe“clean”.Theother,whichcanhandledirtierplasticsandalevelofpollution,iscalledhydrolysis（热解）.Intenseheatisappliedtobreakdownplasticssotheycanbereusedasoilsforenergy,but“it’snoteconomical,’’shesays.BioCellection’ssolutionbuildsonresearchfromovertenyearsago,Wangexplains,whenaUSstudydiscoveredpurepolyethylenepowder（聚乙烯粉）couldbebrokendownbyacatalyst（催化剂）.Wangandherco-founderJeanhituponabacteriumbeingabletoeatplastic.Intheyearssince,theyengineeredacomparablecatalystcapableofdoingthesamejob,onlyfaster,whichevenworksonplasticsnooneelsecanrecycleatpresent.“Wehavenowfoundacatalystthatismuchcheaperthantheonethatwasusedbefore,Wangsays.Currentlyfocusingonplasticfilmslikeshoppinghags,thethree-hourprocessbreaksclownplasticintochemicalsthatcanactasthebuildingblocksformorecomplexplasticproducts.“Rightnowwe’reabletoachieveabout70%transformationfromplasticwastematerialtothesechemicals,”sheadds,sayingthey’reworkingtoincreasethatfigure.Whyhassolittleplasticbeenrecycled?A.Plasticischemicallystable. B.Recyclingplasticledtopollution.C.Weproducedvariousplastics. D.Mostphoto-plasticsdegradeinthesun.WhatdoesWangthinkofthetwocurrentmethods?A.Highlyeffectiveanddynamic. B.Expensiveandpollution-causing.C.Limitedandenergy-consuming. D.Widelyusedandrecognized.WhatdidBioCellectionfindeffectivetorecycleplastics?A.Polyethylenepowder. B.Chemicalproducts.C.Plasticfilms. D.Acatalyst.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?MirandaWangandhercompany. B.Anewplasticrecyclingmethod.C.Thegreatestdownsideofplastic. D.Transformationofplasticwaste.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.___16___Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.___17___Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability: 18 Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.___19___Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall. 20 Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?Someofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Agirlcomplainedtoherfatheraboutherlifeandhowthingsweresohardforher.Withouta___21___,thefathertookhisdaughtertothekitchen.Hefilledthreepotswith___22___andplacedeachonahigh___23___.Inoneheplacedcarrots,inthesecondeggs,andinthelastcoffeebeans.Thedaughtersuckedherteethandwaited___24___,wonderingwhathewasdoing.Inabouttwentyminutesthefatherturnedofftheheat.He___25___thecarrotsandeggsoutandplacedthemintwoplates.Thenhepouredthecoffeeintoacup.Heasked___26___,“Darling,whatdoyousee?”“Carrots,eggs,andcoffee.”shereplied.Heaskedherto___27___thecarrots.Shedidandsaidtheywere___28___.Thenheaskedhertotakeaneggand___29___it.Afterpullingofftheshell,she___30___thehard-boiledegg.Finally,heaskedhertodrinkthecoffee.She___31___,asshetasteditsricharoma（芳香）.“Whatdoesit___32___,Father?”Sheasked.Heexplainedthateachofthemhad___33___thesameadversity（困境）,boilingwater,buteachreacted___34___.Thecarrotwentinstrongandhardbutitturnedsoftand___35___.Theegghadbeenfragile,butaftersittingthroughtheboilingwaterits___36___becamehardened.Thecoffeebeanswere___37___,however,aftertheywereintheboilingwater,theyhad___38___thewater.“Whichareyou?”Fatheraskedhisdaughter.Shewasthenwordlessasif___39___inthought.Whenadversityknocksonyourdoor,howdoyou___40___?Areyouacarrot,aneggoracoffeebean?21.A.commentB.joyC.resultD.word22.A.milkB.waterC.sandD.oil23.A.placeB.roofC.fireD.stove24.A.angrilyB.impatientlyC.quietlyD.nervously25.A.fishedB.handedC.pickedD.pulled26.A.coldlyB.eagerlyC.gentlyD.slowly27.A.feelB.eatC.getD.wash28.A.redB.hotC.softD.fresh29.A.drawB.seeC.tryD.break30.A.cutB.observedC.touchedD.hold31.A.agreedB.hesitatedC.smiledD.cried32.A.becomeB.meanC.haveD.want33.A.escapedB.foundC.realizedD.faced34.A.differentlyB.quicklyC.immediately D.positively35.A.smallB.badC.weakD.mild36.A.heartB.insideC.contentD.surface37.A.blackB.tastyC.solidD.unique38.A.mixedB.dyedC.changeD.ruined39.A.absorbedB.trappedC.gotD.pushed40.A.doB.respondC.explainD.behave第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Asthenamesuggests,SichuanHotPotwasborninSichuanProvince, 41. isknownforits 42. (prefer)forspicyfood.Thismouth-burningandtongue—numbinghotpothasbeengainingalargeamountofattentioninrecentyearsinforeigncountries.The 43. (universe)acceptedtheorytracestheSichuanHotPotbacktoearly20centurywhentheportworkersandfishermenwhoworkedandlivedalongtheYangtzeRivercouldnotafford 44. (eat)theregularcutsofmeatsotheyfiguredoutawaytocookcheapmeatsandoffal(内脏)45.boilingtheminapotofextremelyspicysoup.Theuseofspicysoupfirst 46. (intend)tocoverthetastefromtheoffal.However,aftersome 47. (adjust)offragrantspices,thisonepotmealbecameapopulardishinSichuanregion.Afteryearsofcontinuousdevelopment,eatingSichuanHotPottoday 48. (be)nolongerwhatthepoorlike.Offalstillremainsasclassichotpotingredients, 49. highqualitymeatsandseafoodingredientsarealsocommononthemenu.Themodernhotpothasbeenshapedintoacomplexmealthatstartswithslicedmeat,offal,andseafood, 50. (follow)byvegetablesandendswithnoodles第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节短文改错(满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(回)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。LastSaturday,ourschoolorganizeone-dayfieldtriptoHongxingvillage.At8am,WetooktheschoolbustoHongxingvillage,thatliesinthewesternsuburbofourcity.Whenwearrivedin,wewereshowingaroundthefarmandlearnedaboutthemodernmethodsoffarming.Onthefarm,wepickedoffapplesandexperiencedthehappyofharvest.Atnoon,wetastedlocalfoodorexperiencedlocalcustoms.Afterdinner,theyvisitedthenewly-builthousestohavegoodlookatthenewlookofthecountryside.IlearnedalotofknowledgesthatIcan'tgetfromthebook.AndIamextremesurprisedatthechangesofnewcountrysideconstruction.第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。ThelumpsaftertheallergytestsshowedtheirterriblemessagesthatIamallergictocats,dogsandfur.IcriedbecauseIknewwhatthismeant.Ourpetswouldhavetogo.OurfamilyoffivelivedontheNavalAirStationinKeyWest,Florida.Mymotherfoundneighborswhowerewillingtotakecareofoursweetdog,Tramp.Mysistergaveherguineapigtooneofherfriendsatschool.ButIbeggedmyparentstoletuskeepmybelovedcat,Grungy.WehadadoptedGrungysixyearsearlierinTurkeyfromtheCatLady,akindfigurewhorescuedwildcats.Grungywasoncelostandfound