英语新外研选修八讲义MODULE1SECTIONⅡINTRODUCTIONREADING-LANGUAGEPOINTS

Section」Introduction&Reading——LanguagePoints记得快•记得多

记得快•记得多

l.annual”/・每年的［联想］①yearlyadj. 每年的②monthlyadj.每月的③weeklyadj.每周的2.staten.状态；状况［词块］inagoodstate处于好的状态［联想］①conditionn.状况；状况②ingoodcondition状况良好3.trapu.储存，留存；使陷入逆境［联想］①trip”.旅游，旅行(2)tapv.&n.轻拍，轻击③rap〃.小扣；拍击；说唱音乐4.massn.块，堆，团［词块］amassof/massesof...大量的，很多的S.balancev.使平衡［串记］Youareworkingtoohard.Ithinkyoushouldhaveabalanceddiettohelpyourbodyfunction.Whafsmore,you'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.把基础打牢识记清单把基础打牢一、这样记单词记得准•写得对I.根底词汇.annualadj.每年的.staten.状态；状况3,trap储存，留存；使陷入逆境.massn.块，堆，团.testn.试验II.拓展词汇Lexplorern.探险者fexplorev.探险；勘探-►explorationn.探险；勘探2,depthn.深度fdeepadj.&ado.深的；深深地fdeeply。曲.剧烈地；深刻地fdeepenv.加深；深化3.inhospitableadj.荒芜的:不相宜居住的；不好客的fhospitable〃切.好客的—hospitalityn.好客；殷勤款待.extremeadj.&n.极端（的）；极度（的）fextremely〃市;.极端地；极其；特别.balancev.使平衡〃.平衡-balanced •平衡的6,rivalry〃.（不断的）竞争-rival 竞争者，对手adj.竞争的mercial〃力.商业的fmerce [U]商业；贸易；交易.promote”促进;增进—promotion晋级；增进二、这样记短语记坚固定短语多积常用词块Lcloseto 靠近；接LonEarth 在人间Li_Ming_works_jn_a_bigpany-Shortly_after_he_set_fsot_in_it,_he_adapted_himsdfto」hejiewenviroiimeiit・HejvorksSQhardthathestaiidsoiitjiithepaiiyaiidsooiigetS_promoted—What's_jnorg|iegaii_balaiice_yvorK_and—familyyell-Therefore,D°thhisj¥ifeRnddauwhtei]ovehiniyerYpiiich.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧加加WWI,完形填空PerhapstheonlytestscorethatIrememberisthe41.1wasinhighschool.Thetestwasthefinalfortheclass.ItwasaratherJtest.Ididn'tknowhow2IhaddonebutIknewtherewerethingson3thatIdidn'tknow.Iremember4waitingfortheresult.WhenMrBalesmypaperonmydesk,Iwas6<Thereinbig]numbers,circledtodrawattention,wasmygrade—41!I$mypapersothatotherscouldnlseeit.A41wasnot,thatyouwantedyourclassmatestosee.Finally,MrBalesstoodbehindthedeskandIQtheclass."Thegradeswerenotverygood;1]ofyoupassed）“heannounced.“Thehighestgradeintheclasswasa41,soallofyoufailed.”A41.Thatwasme.Suddenlymydismal（阴沉的）facedidn'tlookquitesobad.Ihadthehighestgrade.Ifeltalot12,AssoonasIgothome,mymotheraskedme,“Howdidyoudoonyourtest?""Imadea41,Isaid.Mymother's13changedsuddenly.“Youfailed.""ButIhadthehighestgradeintheclass!"Ireplied."Idon*twhateveryoneelsehad.Youfailed.Itdoesn'tmatterifeveryoneelsefailedtoo;whatmattersiswhatyoudo,“mymotheranswered.Foryears,IthoughtthatwasaharshjudgmentMymotherwasalwaysthat16.Itdidn'tmatterwhattheotherkidsdid;itonlymatteredwhatIdidand_17Ididitexcellently.Weoftendon'tunderstandthewisdomofgoodparentsuntilweourselvesstand1,theparentingshoes.Mymother'sphilosophy（人生态度）has世methroughoutlife.Thepathofthecrowdiswidebutthepathtopassthetestsoflifeis2Qandthereareveryfewpeopleonit.语篇解读:本文表达了作者在高中一次期末考试中考了41分，自己不敢拿出来怕别的同学观察，当老师宣布最高分是41分时，自己感觉好一点了。当母亲听到41分时，她坚决地认为作者虽然考了第一名那也是不及格。A.easy B.difficultC.exciting D.disappointed解析：选B依据其次段最终“Thehighestgradeintheclasswasa41…”可知全班最高的分数是41分，所以证明这次考试很难，应选B。A.much B.goodC.wellD.longC.well解析：选C“我”不知道自己做得有多好，这里well修饰动词done,应选C。A.this B.themC.it D.one解析：选Cit代替上文提到的test,应选C。A.happily B. anxiouslyC.excitedly D. calmly解析：选B依据常识可知作者在着急地等待考试结果，应选B。A.fell B. handedC.dropped D. lay解析：选C由句意可知，Bales先生把试卷放在“我”的桌上，应选C。A.excited B. worriedC.delighted D. shocked解析：选D依据下文可知，当Bales先生把试卷放在桌上，“我”很震动，应选D。A.red B. blackC.blue D. green解析：选A依据常识可知老师用红色的笔给同学打分，应选A。A.collected B. gatheredC.hid D. kept解析：选C依据"sothatotherscouldn'tseeit"可知"我"把试卷藏起来以防别人观察，应选C。A.everything B.somethingC.anything D.nothing解析：选B41分不是一个你想要你的同学观察的分数，应选B。A.talked B. declaredC.announced D. addressed解析：选DBales先生站在桌子后面，他给全班同学讲话，应选D。A.some B. eachC.none D. most解析:选C依据下文“Thehighestgradeintheclasswasa41,soallofyoufailed."可知没有一个人通过考试，应选C。A.worse B.betterC.best D.good解析：选B“我〃得了最高分，感觉好点了，应选B。B.appearanceD.expressionB.appearanceD.expressionC.eyes解析：选D依据语境和常识可知，“我”的母亲表情突然转变了，应选D。A.understand B. careC.mind D. want解析：选B由句意可知作者的母亲不关怀其他人的成果，应选B。A.rudely B. politelyC.firmly D. impatiently解析：选C依据上文母亲的语气可推断出其说话态度，“我”的母亲坚决地说，应选C。A.method B.mannerC.behavior解析：选D解析：选D“我”的母亲总是用那种方式，应选D。17.A.thisB・17.A.thisB・thatC.whichD.what解析：选B分析句子结构可知，主语从句中不缺少成分，应选B。A.onC.inD.of解析：选Cinparentingshoes是一种固定用法，意为“从父母的角度”，应选C解析：选B分析句子结构可知，主语从句中不缺少成分，应选B。A.onC.inD.of解析：选Cinparentingshoes是一种固定用法，意为“从父母的角度”，应选C。A.takenB.broughtC.fetchedD.carried解析：选D“我”的母亲的人生态度跟着“我”的一生，应选D。20.A.wideC.narrow解析：选CC.narrow解析：选C依据but可知前后是转折关系，narrow对应wide,应选C。II.短文改错Oneday,thenewstudentcametomyclass.ShelookedabitoflikeanoldfriendofminewhomIhadlosttouchforalongtime.SoIwantedtomakefriendswithher.However,itwasnothardbecauseitseemedthatshedidn'tlikespendingtimewithothers.Oneweeklater,Iflnalstartedtalkingwithher.Whenwetalkedagainthefollowedday,itbecamemucheasier.Weekslater,webecamefriendatlast.Oneday,shetoldmethatshewasreallyhappywhenItalkwithherforthefirsttime.Shewantedsomefriends,butshewassoshythatshewasafraidtomakingthefirstmove.Soshewasgladthatwedidit.答案：第一句：thefa其次句：去掉第一个of;touch后加with第四句：hard->easy第五句：final->finally第六句：followed-►following第七句：friend—friends第八句：talk—talked第九句：making->make第十句：we—I近；几乎onaverage平均近；几乎onaverage平均adaptto(使)适应bemadeupof由 组成intheformof以 的形式6.standout引人注目；突出；惹眼setfooton进入，到达；踏上inparticular尤其ina(n)...state处于 状态keep...freefrom...使 免受……freshwater淡水awindowonthepast关于过去的一个窗口inpastages在过去的年月aspiritofinternationalfriendship国际友情精神aswellas也；还有asaresult结果theaimof... 的目标worktogether共同工作三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用l.Withannualrainfallclosetozero,Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。“With+宾语+形容词短语〃的复合结构在句中作状语。Shecameintotheroom,with」in£_nnsc_Fedbecauseofcold.她走进屋里，由于冷，鼻子都红了。2.Ahighmountainrange,theTrans-Antarcticrange,runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo.一条横贯南极洲的高大山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。ing短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。Theircarwascaughtinatraffic jam,thus_causing_the_delay.他们的车遇上交通堵塞，因而耽搁了。3.Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle…直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯•库克才穿越了南极圈……"notuntil+时间状语〃位于句首，句子应使用局部倒装。Notuntilnextweekwil]_the_spDrts_pieetiiig_Ds_held.直到下周才开运动会。重点详析——将新知全握□第一板块I核心词汇集释.(教材P2)Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate,ofcourse.南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大局部淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。staten.［C］状态，状况；国家；［U］政府vt.陈述，声明inagood/badstate 状况好/糟ina(n)...state/inastateof… 处于状况returntonormalstate 恢复到正常状态①ThewitnessstatedthatshehadneverseenMrSmith.证人声称她以前从未见过史密斯先生。②Whenyou'reinagooQstate,yoiirememberthingsbetter!当你状态好的时候，你记忆更好！③TheywereinaState°fexhaustionafterclimbingthemountain.他们爬完山以后筋疲力尽了。.(效材P2)YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions.但南极洲仍旧栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。adapt(to)(使)适应；改编，改写⑴adaptto=adjustto (使)适应adaptoneselftosth. 使某人适应(新状况)⑵adaptsth.forsth, 将某物改编/改写为某物adapt...from… 依据改编/改写①Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.(2017•江苏高考)因此，即使排放量开头削减的今日，我们仍将面临适应气候变化的挑战。②Hewasquicklyadaptedtotheclimateinthehighmountains.他很快就适应了高山的气候。③ThisnewfilmissaidtobeadaptedfromanovelbyJaneAusten.据说这部新影片是依据简•奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。［名师点津］adopt与adapt形似，但adopt意为“接受，接受；收养"。.(效材P2)Gasesandminerals,intheformofvolcanicdusttrappedintheice,cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld'sclimatewaslikeinpastages.这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告知我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。trapv.储存，留存；使陷入逆境；诱骗".陷阱；阴谋(l)o(doing)sth. 诱使某人做某事be/gettrappedin 被困于(2)set/layatrap 设下圈套掉进做某事的陷阱落入圈套fallintothetrapofdoingsth.掉进做某事的陷阱落入圈套becaughtinatrap①Aneaglewascaughtinatrapandflappingitswings.一只鹰落入了圈套，拍打着翅膀。②Manypeopleremainedtrappedintheburningbuilding.很多人仍旧被困在燃烧着的大楼里。(3)1wastrappedintoadmitting(admit)thatIhadlied.我中了圈套，成认自己撒谎了。［名师点津］betrappedin表示“被困在 ",其同义短语还有：bestuckin,becaughtin等。.(敛材P3)ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmassinthesouthwhichbalancedthelandinthenorth.但在两千多年以前，希腊的地理学家就信任地球南边存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。mass〃.［Q团，堆，块amassof=massesof 很多的，大量的themassof... 的大多数massmedia/production 群众媒体/大规模生产themasses 群众；群众©Settingtowork,Iburiedmyselfunderamassofpapers.我着手工作，埋头于一大堆文件之中。②Dividedfromthcjnasses—youaresuretofail.脱离群众，你确定要失败。③TherewereajnassO"masses°fpeopleintheshopyesterday.昨天这个商店里人如潮涌。［名师点津］amassof/massesof后可跟可数名词复数或不行数名词，且谓语动词与该名词的单复数保持全都。balancev.使平衡；权衡〃.平衡；天平，秤(l)keepone'sbalance 保持平衡loseone'sbalance 失去平衡outofbalance 不平衡onbalance 总的来说(2)balancedadj.平衡的①Trytobalanceyourdietbyeatingmorefruitandlessprotein.多吃些水果，少摄入些蛋白质，使饮食均衡合理。②Shecycledroundthecorner,los，herbalanceandfelloff.她骑车拐弯时失去平衡，摔了下来。（3）Whenyoucrossthenarrowbridge,youmustkeeRyouiDalaiice・当你过这座狭窄的桥时，肯定要保持平衡。.（敛材P3）SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour,theystandoutagainstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的衬托下特别惹眼，也就易于识别和搜集。standout惹眼，突出standby 袖手旁观standfor 代表，象征；容忍standby（sb.） 支持；关心；拥护（某人）standaside 站在一边;不参加①Robert'sredhairmadehimstandoutinacrowd.罗伯特的红头发使他在人群中很引人注目。②rilstandDYyouwhateverhappens.无论如何，我都支持你。③PRCstandsforPeople'sRepublicofChina.PRC代表。.（敬材P3）Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntarcticmainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯滕•博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。setfootonj®A,到达setfootin 进入onfoot 步行onone*sfeet 站立着；恢复健康struggletoone'sfeet 挣扎着站起来①TheoverseasChineseareverygladtosetfootontheirhomeland.华侨们特别快乐地踏上祖国的土地。②Thoughhewasbadlywounded,hestruggledtohisfeetandwentonrunning.虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站起来连续往前跑。③Diseaseseonhorseback,butgoawayonfoot.［谚］病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。.（效材P3）Inparticular,itaimstokeepAntarcticafreefromnucleartestsandradioactivewaste;topromoteinternationalscientificprojects;andtoendargumentsaboutwhoownstheland.该条约尤其致力于爱护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推动国际科研工程,并且终止那些关于这片土地全部权的争辩。promote”.促进，增进；促销，推销；提升，晋升［一词多义］写出以下句中promote的含义①Heworkedhardandsoonwaspromoted.提升，晋升—©Advertisingpaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts•促销，推销一(3)Asisknowntousall,milkpromoteshealth.促进，增进(l)promotesb.to 提升某人为bepromotedto 被提升为(2)promotionn.提升；促进；晋升；促销getpromotion 得到晋升④Nodoubttourismmaypromotetheeconomicprosperityofacountry.旅游业无疑会促进一个国家的经济富强。⑤Theyoungarmyofficerwaspromotedtotherankofcaptain.这个年轻官被提升为上尉。□第二板块I重点句型解构Withannualrainfallclosetozero,Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。⑴句中Withannualrainfallclosetozero为"with+宾语+形容词短语”构成的复合结构，在句中作状语。①Thechildrenwereskatingwiththeirfacesredwithcold.孩子们在滑冰，他们的脸都冻红了。(2)with复合结构的常见形式还有：with+宾语+副词②Heleftthehousewithallthelightson.他亮着灯就出去了。with+宾语+介词短语③Thewomansatonthechair,withababyinherarms.这个妇女坐在椅子上，怀里抱着个婴儿。with+宾语+不定式(表示将来的动作)④WithsomuchworktQdo(do),wecan*tplayoutsideanylonger.有这么多工作要做，我们不能再在外面玩了。with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行的动作)⑤Theoldmanfellasleepwithhisradiostillworking(work).这个老人睡着了，他的收音机还响着。with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已经完成的动作)⑥Withalltheproblemssolved(solve),wefeltveryhappy.由于全部的问题都解决了，我们感到很快乐。［名师点津］with复合结构在句子中作状语时，表示谓语动词的动作发生的伴随状况、时间、缘由、方式等，有时也可用作定语。⑦Thegirlwithabookinherhandismysister.手里拿着一本书的女孩是我姐姐。Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯•库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发觉任何陆地。(l)notuntil...用在句首，句子要使用局部倒装，即把助动词、情态动词、系动词等放到主语前面。until用在确定句中，主句的谓语动词应当是连续性动词；用在否认句中，主句的谓语动词应当用非连续性动词。①Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(2016•江芳高考)直到近来他们才鼓舞农村地区旅游相关活动的开展。(2)1didnotgohomeuntilmymothercalledme.直到我妈妈打我才回家。③Iwaite(|untilhecamebackhomelastnight.昨晚我始终等到他回家。(2)not…until…也可以用在强调句型中,其结构为：Itis/wasnotuntil+从句/表时间的词+that+句子的其他局部。④hetoldmeaboutitthatIrealizedthismatterwasserious.直到他告知我，我才意识到这件事有多么严峻。(3)把含有否认或半否认意义的词或短语not,little,hardly,never,atnotime,bynomeans,undernocondition,innocase,nowhere,seldom,few等置于句首时，句子常用局部倒装，需将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语前。⑤Neverhav^」heardofsuchathing.我从未听到过那样的事。课时检测——把知能落实课堂一刻钟•课堂一刻钟•迁移训练I.单句语法填空Sheisinapoorstateofhealth,whichworrieshermothermuch.Ittookhimalongtimetoadapthimselftothecoldweatherinthenorth.ThegirFssongsmadeherstandoutfromsomanynewersinthemusicworld.ManyfirefightersweresenttorescuethoseminerswhowereJrapped（trap）inthemine.AnAmericancalledArmstrongbecamethefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.Hewaspromotedtoanassistantmanager,whichtookeveryonebysurprise.Withsomanyorphanst°」ook（look）after,thecharityorganizationcallsformoredonations.Thekeyistodevelopabalanced（balance）andvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.II.完成句子ThistextiSRdapteLfroni—aBtoryinChineseLiterature.这篇课文是依据?中国文学?上登载的一篇故事改编的。Yesterdayafternoontherc）vere]masses9f/ajmass9fdoiidsinthesky.昨天下午，天空中乌云密布。NotuntilIgottothestationdid[nndmywalletlost.直到来到车站我才发觉钱包丢了。ItyaSjiotUntiLmidiiightJhatitstoppedraining.始终到了半夜，天才停止下雨。WithaHtheworKdongthemanagerfeltateaseatlast.做完了全部的工作，经理最终感到轻松了。课下•二层级课下•二层级•提能训练一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高〃I.单词拼写Hegotpromotion（晋升）becauseofhisspecialcontributionstothepany.Hepaidanannual（每年的）visittohismiddleschoolteacher.Thesecreaturesliveinthedepth（深度）ofthePacificOcean.ChristopherColumbusisoneofthemostfamousexplorers（探险者）inhistory.Shanghaiisthebiggestmerdal（商业的）cityinChina.Everyeffortwasmadetorescuethevictimstrapped（困住）bytheearthquake.WhenIbeganmyseniorhighschool,Ifounditextremely（极端地）difHculttolearnEnglishwell.Manypeoplehaveetorealizethattheyshouldgoonabalanced(均衡的)diet.11.单句改错.InpartofAsia,youmustnotsitwithyourfeetpointsatanotherperson.pointsfpointinqHeardthenews,theyjumpedwithgreatjoy.Heard—HearingThemessygardenisinstateofneglect.in后力口aIt'shardtoimagineworkinaplacelikethat.workfworkingTheauthorisgoingtoadapthisplaytotelevision.其次个tofforJack