高二英语外研版选修八讲义MODULE2SECTIONⅢ

rammarSectionIII—复习非谓语动词语法点一语法突破/语法点一［德法初积］原句感知自主探究CDItwasfoolishofyoutolietoyourteacher.②It'snousetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.®Ourdutyistohelptheyoungchildrentogrowbetter.®Ourworkisservingthepeople.©PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisaisandwhysheissmiling.©Thebuildingbeingbuiltisanewshoppingmall.©Thebirdwasluckyandescapedbeingcaught.⑧PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyear1503—1506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.(1)句①②中黑体局部在句中均作主语。句③④中黑体局部在句中均作表语。句⑤中黑体局部在句中作宾语。(2)依据句①②可知，动词不定式和动词・ing形式作主语时，可以用运作形式主语。(3)依据句⑥⑦可知，黑体局部为动词-ing形式的被动式，在句中分别作定语和宾语。(4)句⑧中黑体局部为过去分词在句中作遗造。［福弦制折］时态形式主动式被动式不定式一般式todotobedone完成式lohavedonelohavebeendone进行式tobedoing—动词・ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingclonehavingbeendone动词-ed形式一般式—done非谓语动词的基本形式集中演练1单句语法填空(l)lbincrcasc(increase)levelsofmunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedpulsoryvolunteerprograms.②Doyoumindbeing—interrupted(interrupt)whilestudying?©Warned(warn)ofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.④Nolhavingseen(notsee)herforalongtime,Imissedherverymuch.⑤Hisfirstbooktobepublished(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.@Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.语法点二非谓语动词的句法功能语法点二非谓语动词的句法功能1.不定式和动词・ing形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区分（1）不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示详细的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。（2）动词-ing形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指常常的动作或一般状况。Swimmingisaverygoodsportinsummer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。（动词-ing形式swimming在句中作主语，表示泛指一般状况）Theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuilding.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。（不定式短语toescapefromtheburningbuilding在句中作宾语，表示一次性的动作）［巧学助记］（1）通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词（短语）：提出要求拒绝难：offer,ask/demand,refuse同意容许会关心：agree,promise,help设法做成决心坚：manage,decide/determine/choose方案支酉己有希望：plan,arrange,desire,wouldlike/love,expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装：fail,pretend（2）通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）：允许考虑四建议：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/remend忙于坚持多练习：bebusy,insiston,practise成认喜爱多希望：admit,enjoy,lookforwardto否认拖延可原谅：deny,delay/postpone/putoff,excuse防止错过莫放弃:avoid,miss,giveup完成冒险没躲避：finish,risk,escape想象之后才感谢：imagine,叩predate［名师点津］（1）有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时，意义完全不同：ftodosth.遗忘去做某事doingsth.遗忘已经做过某事jtodosth.记住去做某事remember|doingsth.记得曾经做过某事todosth.圆满去做某事叫⑹doingslh.懊悔做过某事todosih.停下手头正在做的事而去做另一件事“Pdoingsth.停止正在做的事todosth.努力去做某事"doingsth.堂试着做某事todosth.意欲/想/准备做某事inean<doingsth.意味着做某事iod。sih.（做完某事）接着做另一件事coon'doingsth.连续做同^一件事jtodosth.不能关心做某事canIhelp加.sth.情不自禁地做某事I'llneverforgetseeingmydaughterdanceinpublicforthefirsttime.我永久忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞而情景。（forgetdoingsth.表示“遗忘已做过某事”，动名词表示已经完成的动作）Don'tforgettocarryyourcamerawithyou.别忘了带上你的照相机。（forgetlodosih.表示“遗忘去做某事"，不定式表示将要去做的事情）Theymeanttohelphercarrythebox.butshedeclined.他们想帮她搬那个箱子，但她婉言谢绝了。（meanlod。sth.表示“意欲/准备做某事”）Perseverancedoesnotmeandoingthesamethingforever.坚持不懈并不意味着永久做同一件事情。（meandoingsth.表示“意味着做某事"）（2）动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时，其后通常接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，这时动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义。Thiskindofplantneedswatering/tobewateredtwiceaweek.这种植物需要一星期浇两次水。（句中need为实义动词）2.现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区分（I）现在分词（如interesting,exciting,moving,puzzling,surprising）作表语通常用于表示事物的性质特征；过去分词（如interesied,excited,moved,puzzled,surprised）作表语，通常用于表示人或人的心理状态。Shewaspuzzledatwhattodowithit.她不知道怎么处理这件事。Thesituationwasmorepuzzlingthanever.局势比之前更加捉摸不定。（2）这类过去分词和现在分词还可以作定语修饰名词。一般而言，现在分词修饰表示事物的名词；而过去分词修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词。Hearingtheexcitingnews,heburstintotears.听到这令人冲动的消息，他突然大哭起来。Seeinghisexcitedlook.Iknowhehaswonthematch.看到他兴奋的表情，我知道他赢得了竞赛。3.非谓语动词作定语时的用法区分不定式通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在规律上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系动词.ing形式现在分词作定语通常有主动进行含义或表示一种状态；动名词作定语通常表示用途动词-ed形式动词-ed形式作定语通常有被动（或）完成含义Thepicturehangingonthewallispaintedbymyclosefriend.墙上挂的这幅图画是我的一位密左画的。（现届分词短语hangingonthewall作定语,表示一种状态）ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.第一批把英语作为外语教学而编写的教科书是在16世纪出版的。（过去分词短语writtenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage作定语表示被动完成含义）Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？（不定式tosay作定语，与所修饰的词anything之间在规律上存在动宾关系）.非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的用法区分常见动词马宾语的规律关系准时间概念不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage...主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make...现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel....主调关系。强调动作正在进行过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态John'smotherdoesn'tallowhimtoteasethecat.约翰的母亲不允许他戏弄这只猫。（不定式短语toleasethecat在句中作宾语补足语）Isawthementeracoffeebar.我观察他们进了一家咖啡馆。（省略to的不定式短语enteracoffeebar在句中作宾语补足语）IcaughtGeorgesmokinginthetoilet.我撞见乔治在厕所抽烟。（现在分词短语smokinginthetoilet在句中作宾语补足语）Davidhadhiscarmaintainedyesterday.昨天戴维让人把车做了保养。（过去分词maintained在句中作宾语补足语）［名师点津］假如have,make,see,hear,notice等词的复合宾语结构中的宾语补足语为省略to的不定式，变被动语态时省略的to需要复原。HewasseentodateMaryyesterday.昨天他被观察和玛丽约会了。（不定式todateMary在句中作主语补足语）.非谓语动词作状语时的用法区分（1）动词不定式通常作目的、缘由、结果等状语。Toimprovetheirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.为了提高他们的效劳水平，这个旅店的员工们正努力地学习英语。（不定式toimprovetheirservice在句中作目的状语）Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.她气得连话都说不出来。（不定式短语astobeunabletospeak在句中作结果状语，通常位于句末）Jackhurriedtothebookingoffice,onlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知全部的票都被卖完了。（不定式onlytobe⑹d在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果）Iamgladtohearthenews.听到这个消息我很欢乐。（不定式短语t。hearthenews在句中作缘由状语，通常位于句末）（2）动词-ing形式（现在分词）和动词-ed形式（过去分词）在句中通常作缘由、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步等状语。主语与动词-ing形式（现在分词）之间在规律上存在主调关系，主语与动词-ed形式（过去分词）之间在规律上存在动宾关系。Gettinguplate,hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚\»他没有赶上早班火车。（现在分词短语gettinguplate在句中作缘由状语）Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上J‘大雨，他浑身都湿透/o（过去分词短语caughtinaheavyrain在句中作缘由状语）Tomlayonthegrass,staringintothesky.汤姆躺在草地上，凝视着天空。（现在分词短语staringintothesky在句中作伴随状语）Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群同学的分散下，那应老老师走进了教室。（过去分词短语surroundedbyagroupofpupils在句中作方式状语）Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitbetter.假如再给他一次时机，他会做得更好。（过去分词短语givenanotherchance在句中作条件状语）Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持续了一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。（现在分词短语leavingnothingvaluable在句中作结果状语）Althoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里之外，他仍去上课。（现在分词短语livingmilesaway在句中作让步状语）集中演练2（1）单句语法填空①Idon'tallowsmoking（smoke）inmydrawingroom.©WithIwochildrenamending（attend）（hemiddleschoolnow,themanisworkinghard.③Havingfound（find）hercarstolen,sheiiurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.④Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomake(make)ourlifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.@Shewill(elluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroletoplay(play)inmakingtheearthabelterplacetolivein.©Helenawasexcited,justasIhadimagined,lofind(find)herlostpet.©Thequarrelleading(lead)tothefightstartedfromtheirdisbeliefineachother.⑧Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheuniversity,wethenweretakentoabuilding,wheremanyscientistsworked.⑨Praised(praise)toomuchforhisintelligence,Harryoftenoverlookstheimportanceofeffort.⑩MybrothersentmeanemailwithoneofhisphotosonMountTaiattached(attach)toit.(2)单句改错©Besides,haveenoughsleepcanmakeusfullofenergyandmakeitpossibleforustoperformwellintheexam,have-*having©Everyhighschoolstudentwantstogetintofamousuniversitiesandtheyspendmostoftheirtimereviewlessons,review—reviewingO^'AIIofusarelookingforwardtoliveinaharmonioussociety,livefliving@NowletmetotellyouwhatIaminterestedin.去掉to©WhenaskingaboutfamouswritersinChina,1willlistmanynames,askingfasked⑯First,congratulations.I'mgladyougotaccept.accepLaccepled⑰AsfarasI'mconcerning,Ishouldsetagoodexampletoreducewaste.concerningfconcerned©Learningthisnews,IamreallywillingtotravelwithyouandintroducingXi'roducingfintroduce@AndIoftenhearbirdssung,sung—singing⑳Thereareancientdescriptionsofcrossbowshidingatthetomb'sentrance.hiding-hidden语法做真题锁定考查方向语法做真题锁定考查方向做典题提升语法水平单句语法填空(2017•全国卷I语法填空)Theyarerequiredloprocess(process)thefood(haiweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandtorseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：考查非谓语动词。requiredos【h.为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”，变成被动语态为berequiredtodosth.,故填toprocess<»(2017•全国卷II语法地室)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackand(henbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接三个动名词短语作宾语，故填layingo(2017•北京立者单项选择改编)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍记得和同学一起度过的欢乐时间。依据句意并分析句子结构可知，time和spend之间是动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填speni。(2017•天津高考单项选择改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.赢君h考查非谓语动词。句意：这家医院最近得到了一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。动词allow与其规律主语(前面的整个句子)之间为规律上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填allowingo（2017•江苏南考单项选择改编）ManyChinesebrands,havingdeveloped（develop）theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：很多中国品牌已经享誉数百年，正面临着来自现代市场的新的挑战。本句的主语ManyChinesebrands与develop之间为主动关系，又依据句中的时间状语overcenturies可知，此处应用现在分词的完成时，故填havingdeveloped。（2016•全国卷HI语法坂空）Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate（create）specialdesigns.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：娴熟的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以制造出特殊的样式。依据句意和结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填tocreateo（2016•北京高考单项选择改编）Ordered（order）overaweekago,thebooksareexpected（oarriveanytimenow.解析：考查非谓语动词句意：（由于）那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动和完成。［针对修法］I.单句语法填空It'sagreatpleasurelospend(spend)myholidayinthecountryside.Susansuggestedasking(ask)herbrotherforhelp,butfewofusagreedwithher.Jennyheardthemarguing(argue)outside,soshebecameveryangry.Thegovernmentisgoingtosetupaneworganizationcalled(call)theRedCrosstohelppeoplewhoneedhelp.Themonkeyssent(send)tozoosinBeijingandothercitiesareverycleverandlovelysothevisitorslikethemverymuch.Thepresidentofthepanypromisedtosolve(solve)thetrickyproblemassoonaspossible.Havinglived(live)inTaiwanfornearlytwentyyears,hefinallydecidedtoreturntohishometown.Robertrushedoffwithgreatexcitement,evenforgetting(forget)totakehiscellphone.Thepatientaskedtobeor)eraled(operate)onatonce.Ihavealotofworktodo(do)thisafternoon.Pleasedon'tdisturbmeunlessyouhave