2022届高考英语一轮复习练习九：阅读理解（人与自然）阅读理解（文体艺术）七选五练习

基础练6:阅读理解A（人与自然）+阅读理解B（文学艺术）

+七选五练习

-阅读理解

主题一人与自然

A

（2021福建高三模拟）

Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermsuchas"goingeco-friendly"and"sustainable

lifestyle".However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics（，怀疑3仑者）whobelievethatgoing

eco-friendlyismerelyafad（一时的风尚）.Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyis

notmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.

Thelong-termpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehave

madetowardsgoingeco-friendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeople

togoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusa

strongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.

Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,such

asorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious

（环保意识的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftin

thebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquite

certainthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafad.

Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheireco-friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthoping

toprojectaneco-consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractising

thezero-wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,

itisindeedacommitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudes

towardscaringfortheearth.

Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandthe

appearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheir

beliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactofthework

ofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoa

longwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?

A.Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.

B.Toencouragepeopletogoeco-friendly.

C.Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.

D.Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emergence"meaninparagraph3?

A.Suddendisappearance.B.Sharpincrease.

C.Gradualdevelopment.D.Limitedapplication.

3.Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?

A.Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.

B.Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.

C.-Itwillbeusedtoprojectaneco-consciousimage.

D.Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Toprovegoingeco-friendlyalastingtrend.B.Topopularizetheeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Toofferstrategiestogoeco-friendly.D.Toadvertiseforeco-friendlyplatforms.

（上海高三模拟）

Formillionsofyears,Arcticseaicehasexpandedandshrunkinarhythmicdancewith

thesummersun.Humansevolvedinthisicyworld,andcivilizationreliedonitforclimatic,

ecologicalandpoliticalstability.Butnowtheworldcomeseverclosertoafuturewithoutice.

TheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterreportedthat2019'sminimumarcticseaiceextentwas

thesecondlowestonrecord.Arcticsummerscouldbecomemostlyice-freein30years,and

possiblysoonerifcurrenttrendscontinue.Asthenorthernseaicedeclines,theworldmust

unitetopreservewhatremainsoftheArctic.

Althoughmostpeoplehaveneverseentheseaice,itseffectsareneverfaraway.By

reflectingsunlight,ArcticiceactsasEarth'sairconditioner.Oncedarkwaterreplacesbrilliant

ice,Earthcouldwarmsubstantially,equivalenttothewarmingcausedbytheadditionalrelease

ofatrilliontonsofcarbondioxide（CO2）intotheatmosphereanddecliningseaicethreatens

wildlife,fromthepolarbeartoalgaethatgrowbeneaththeseaice,supportingthelargeamount

ofmarinelife.

Toavoidtheconsequencesthescientificcommunityshouldadvocatenotjustforlowering

greenhousegasemissions,butalsoforprotectingtheArcticfromexploitation.TheAntarctic

showstheway.Inthe1950s,countriesracedtoclaimtheAntarcticcontinentforresourcesand

militaryinstallations.Enterthescientists.The1957-1958InternationalGeophysicalYear

broughttogetherscientistsfromcompetingcountriestostudyAntarctica,andcountries

temporarilysuspendedtheirterritorialdisputes（争议）.In1959,12countriessignedthe

AntarcticTreatytopreservethecontinentforpeacefulscientificdiscoveryratherthanterritorial

andmilitarygain.

Sixtyyearslater,wemustnowsavetheArctic.AnewMarineArcticPeaceSanctuary

(MAPS)TreatywouldprotecttheArcticOceanasascientificpreserveforpeacefulpurposes

only.SimilartoAntarctica,MAPSwouldprohibitresourceexploitation,commercialfishingand

shipping,andmilitaryexercises.Sofar,only2non-ArcticcountrieshavesignedMAPS;97

moreneedtosignontoenactitintolaw.Scientistscanhelp--justastheydidfortheAntarctic

------bygivingstatementsofsupport,askingscientificorganizationstoendorse(支持)the

treaty,communicatingtheimportanceofprotectingthearctictothepublicandpolicy-makers,

andaboveall,byconvincingnationalleaderstosignthetreaty.Inparticular,Arcticnations

mustagreethatrecognizingthearcticasaninternationalpreserveisbetterthanfightingoverit.

In2018,thesecountriessuccessfullynegotiateda16-yearmoratoriumoncommercialfishing

intheArctichighseas,demonstratingthatsuchagreementsarepossible.

Humanshaveonlyeverlivedinaworldtoppedbyice.Canwenowworktogetherto

protectArcticecosystems,keepthenorthernpeace,andallowthe:seaicetoreturn?

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.wildlifereliesonseaiceforfoodandwater.B.TheArcticwouldbeice-freein30

years.

C.Seaiceslowsdowntheglobalwarming.D.ThemeltingofseaicereleasesCO2.

2.TheAntarcticismentionedinthepassageinorderto

A.remindreadersofthepastoftheAntarctic

B.proposeafeasibleapproachfortheArctic

C.stresstheimportanceofpreservingseaice

D.recallhowtheAntarcticTreatycameintobeing

3.Theword"moratorium,,(inparagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto

A.battleB.banC.memoD.protection

4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Antarctic:aSuccessfulComeback?B.SeaIceandGlobalWarming

C.Arctic:theEarth'sFutureD.LifeWithoutIce?

主题二——文体艺术

C

ThePhotographeroftheYearcontest,supportedbycompaniesinvariousfields,isbased

intheUKandattractsworldwidephotographylovers.Thoughthefirstawardwasgivenoutin

1965,theofficialcontestdidn'treallystartuntil2015.Withwonderfulpicturesfromthousandsof

photographers,the2020contestrewardeditswinnersinFebruary.

Octopus(章鱼)Training

ThisphotowastakenbyPasqualeVassalloofItalyandwoninthegroupof'Behavior".

Vassallosaidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccerballfloatingonthesurface.

Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene--anoctopushangingfromtheball.He

didn'tunderstandwhattheoctopuswasdoing,butwonderedifitwastrainingfortheWorld

Cup.

LemonSharkNursery

TakenbyAnitaKainrathoftheBahamas,itshowsyoungsharksswimmingaroundinthe

protectionofabeautifulthickforest.Kainrathsaidshespentnearlyanhourstandingin

knee-highwaterbeingbittenbymosquitoestogetherpicture,whichwontheUp&Coming

PhotographeroftheYear2020award.

AngrySeahorse

ThoughRoomanLucofBelgiumdidn'twintheTortraifcategory,hisphoto;titled11Angry

Seahorse",isquitestriking.Theclose-upshotofaseahorsestaringintothecamerawas

namedtherunner-up.Mr.Lucsaidthatafterfirsthearingabouttheseahorse,hewentlooking

foriteveryweekfortwomonthsbeforefinallyfindingit.

LastDawn,LastGasp

Vassalloalsotooktheprizeinthe"MarineConversation"divisionwithLastDawn,LastGasp,an

appropriatelybreathtakingshotofatunafishtappedinanet,strugglinginvaintoescape.To

takethisphoto,Vassallowentdivingwithsomelocalfishermenandfollowedthepathofthe

fishingnetsfromthebottomtothesurface.

1.Whichpictureofthefollowingwastakenbychance?

A.AngrySeahorse.B.LemonSharkNursery.

C.OctopusTraining.D.LastDawn,LastGasp.

2.Whatdothepicturesailfocuson?

A.Creaturesunderwater.B.Animalsindanger.

C.ProtectionoftheenvironmentD.Lossofbiodiversity

3.Whatcanweknowaboutthecontest?

A.Itbecamewell-knownin2015.

B.Itissponsoredbyphotographylovers.

C.ItsprizesareawardedinFebruaryeachyear

D.Itsphotosarejudgedincategories.

D

We'veallheardthestoriesofanactor'sstrugglesbeforeacareerbreakthrough:livinga

hardlife,workingparttime,beingacouchpotatobeforegettingthatmajorrole.Shelby,thestar

ofADog'sWayHome,"hasahard-lucktalethatcouldtopthemall.Beforeherbigbreak,she

waslivinginalandfill,rootingthroughgarbageforhernextmeal.

Shelby'sbigbreakcameinApril2017,whenanimal-controlofficerMeganBuhlerwas

drivinginCheathamCounty,Tennessee.OutonanunrelatedcalI,Buhlerspottedand

approachedwhatsherecalledwasanoticeablyscaredpuppyemergingfromthedump.Iknelt

downandjustsaid,Oh,comehere,baby,"saidBuhler.Shewassoscared,butshecameright

uptome,andIwasabletoputherinmytruck."Thepairheadedtothecountyanimalshelter,

wherethestaffbegancallingthenewresidentBabyGirl.

Buhlerandothersdidn'tknowthat3,200kilometersaway,Hollywoodwaslookingforadog

toplayBellainafilmwrittenbyCathrynMichon.Thefind--a-Bellajobwenttofreelancetrainer

TeresaAnnMiller.Hermissionwastosearchsheltersnationwideforadogthatcouldplay

Bella.Oneday,MillerspottedBabyGirl'sadoptionphoto.Honestly,itwasareallygoodpicture,

andshewasflat-outsmiling,"Millersaid.ThenshemetBabyGirl,andassessedheron

personalityandtheabilitytorespondtosimplecommands.Afterassessment,sheadopted

BabyGirlfromtheshelter,renamedherShelbyandtookhertoCaliforniafortraining.Millerand

Shelbytrainedforjustoverthreemonthsbeforefilmingbegan.Thentheyweretogethereach

dayontheset.

Mostofthefilm'sreviewshavepraisedShelby'sperformance.Varietymadethe

commentsanamazingdog,perfectperformance!"

Shelbyhascomealongwayfromthegarbagedump.ButBuhlersaidwhenshesawShelby

recentlyshejustneededonlyasecondtocomparethemoviestarwiththedogshefoundfrom

pilesoftrash.She'sexactlythesame,"Buhlersaid.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionanactor'sstrugglebeforeacareerbreakthroughatthevery

beginning?A.Toclearlypointoutthemainideaofthepassage.

B.Toattractreader'sattentionbygivingdramaticexamples.

C.Tointroduceadog'ssimilarbutevenmorestrikingexperiences.

D.Tomakeasharpcontrastbetweenanactor'sstruggleandadog'sstruggle.

2.WhatfinallyhelpedBabyGirlgetthebigroleinthefilm?

A.Heradoptionpicture.B.Herpersonalityandability

C.Herflat-outsmilingD.Hermiserableexperiences.

3.BysayingSheisexactlythesame"inthelastparagraph,Buhlerprobablymeans

A.thedoglookedexactlythesameasbefore

B.thedog'sreallyexcitedtolivesuchahappylife

C.thedogreturnedtothepilesoftrashwhereshefoundit

D.thedramaticchangeofthedog'slifehasn'tchangedherinnerquality

4.Whatdoyouthinkmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheTrainerandHerStarDog

B.Shelby'sHard-luckStory

C.FromaLandfillPuppytoaMovieStar

D.TheSuccessofADog'sWayHome"

二、七选五阅读

What'sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Better

relationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.

Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.

Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestill

constructedwithouroldreptilian（爬彳亍）brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.

Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,andto"lookgood".

Let'sjustfaceit.2__Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththe

addictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience-anger,impatience,blamingandshaming.Weall

havethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.

Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesusto

findsolutions--wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingour

discomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,but

howourmindisset.3.

Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeitwhenwe

arefeelingeventhesmallest-butverypresent-painfulfeelings.4__Buttoreallycarefor

ourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeningatthemomentinsideyou.Focusingon

what'sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat'shappening,the

resistance.

5__Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremind

yourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,"Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappensto

mewhenI'mbothered."Youcansaytoyourself,"It'strue.Idon'tlikethis;thisis

uncomfortable,butIcantolerateit."

A.Practicepositiveself-talk.

B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.

C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.

D.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.

E.Weignorethefactthatwe'reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.

F.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.

G.Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithittlepainsandannoyances.

【答案】

A篇

【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。今天的人们对环保"和‘可持续生活方式”等术语并不陌生。然

而，也有一些怀疑论者认为环保只是一种时尚.作者不同意这种观点，作者认为环保不仅仅是一种

时尚，它确实改变了人们的信仰和态度。环保是一种持久的趋势。

[小题1]

推理判断题。根据第二段"OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogo

eco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrong

indicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades."由止匕判断

出,作者提到世界野生动物基金会是为了证明环保的普遍被认可。故选C项。

[小题2]

词句猜测题。根据"suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles."（如有机产品和电动汽车）

根据Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses,isbehind

thesharpincreaseinsuchproducts."由此判断出，另-一个强有力的指标是许多行业急剧增加了

可持续产品。由此判断出划线词的意思是急剧增加"。故选B项。

[小题3]

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceof

anisationsandindividuals."（由此判断出，作者对技术发展的

期望是它会促进环保意识。故选D项。

[小题4]

推理判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段"Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendly

isnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople."（根据第二段

"Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthat

goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades"以及下文从不同的角度

证明了环保是一种持久的趋势。由此判断出作者写此短文的目的是证明环保是一种持久的趋势。

故选A项。

B篇

【语篇解读】这是-一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少，如果不加以保护，未来

将会出现基本无冰的现象，并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰。

[小题1]

推理判断题。根据第二段中"Byreflectingsunlight,ArcticiceactsasEarth'sairconditioner.

（通过反射阳光,北极冰起到了地球空调的作用）”可知，海冰减缓了全球变暖。故选C项。

[小题2]

推理判断题。根据第三段中"Toavoidtheconsequencesthescientificcommunityshould

advocatenotjustforloweringgreenhousegasemissions,butalsoforprotectingtheArcticfrom

exploitation.TheAntarcticshowstheway.（为了避免这种后果，科学界不仅应该提倡降低温室气

体排放，还应该提倡保护北极不被开发。南极就展示了这种办法）”可知，文中提到南极是为了展示

一种保护北极可以效仿的方式。故选B项。

[小题3]

词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中"In2018,thesecountriessuccessfullynegotiateda16-year

moratoriumoncommercialfishingintheArctichighseas,demonstratingthatsuchagreements

arepossible.（2018年，些国家通过谈判成功达成了在北极公海商业捕鱼16年的协议，证明了此

类协议是可能的）"由谈判成功，可知这些国家达成了在北极公海停止商业捕鱼16年的协议,

moratorium意为"停止，禁止"，与ban意思最为接近。故选B项。

[小题4]

主旨大意题。根据第一段中"Butnowtheworldcomeseverclosertoafuturewithoutice.

TheNationalSnowandIceDataCenter....Arctic.（和最后一段中。Canwenowworktogether

toprotectArcticecosystems,keepthenorthernpeace,andallowtheseaicetoreturn?可知,

本文主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少，如果不加以保护，未来将会出现基本无冰的现象，并指出了

海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰，因此本文的最佳标题选项D"没有冰的生活？"符合

题意。故选D项。

cM

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对参加”年度最佳摄影师大赛的几张照片的介绍。

[小题1]

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Vassa第saidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccer

ballfloatingonthesurface.Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene--anoctopus

hangingfromtheball.可知，章鱼吊在球上是一一个罕见的场景，所以它是被偶然拍到的。故选C。

[小题2]

细节理解题。根据前三个黑体字标题"Octopus（章鱼）Training（章鱼训练）"、"LemonShark

Nursery（柠檬鲨苗圃）""AngrySeahorse（愤怒的海马）"以及最后一-段第一句话"Vassalloalso

tooktheprizeinthe"MarineConversation"divisionwithLastDawn,LastGasp,an

appropriatelybreathtakingshotofatunafishtappedinanet,strugglinginvaintoescape.“可知,

这些照片的内容都是关于水下生物的。故选A。

[小题3]

推理判断题。从四幅获奖作品来看，它们所获奖项的类别不同，比如Octopus（章鱼）Training获得

的奖项类别是"Behavior",LemonSharkNursery获得的奖项类别是'theUp&Coming",Angry

Seahorse获得的奖项类别是"Portrait",LastDawn,LastGasp则属于"MarineConversation"范畴。

由此可知，大赛