大学英语四级阅读3

(1)NewspapersoftentellusoffloodsinsomepartsoftheUnitedStates.

Nearlyeveryyearonthegreatcentraldrainagesheavyrainsandmeltingsnowcausethe

waterstopouroutthemountainsandplains,toturnbrooksintotorrents,andtoswellquiet

streamsintowilduncontrolledrivers.FromCairotoNewOrleans,andfromPittsburghto

Paducah,thecry"Riverrising!"isafamiliaryetfearfulvoice...Whentheriverssometimes

becometoohighortooswifttobecontrolledcommunitiesareflooded,familiesfleefromtheir

homes,croplandsarewashedout,andtransportationcomestoahalt.Hunger,disease,and

deathfollowthewildwaters.

Althoughgivenlesspublicity,theagriculturaldamagedonebythemanysmaller,more

frequentfloodsusuallyfarexceedsthelossescausedbytheverygrandones.IntheCentral

States,ditchesanddrainscausetheflowsfromspringrainsandmeltingsnowtorunfarmore

rapidlythaninthedaysbeforewhitemensettledontheland.Once,excessspringfloodwaters

emptiedintolakesandswampylands,theretobedetainedforslowreleaseintostreamand

rivers.Now,systematicdrainagehasactuallyeliminatedthesenaturalreservoirs.

InthemorerollingsectionsoftheEast,springrunoffwasformerlyabsorbedandheld

temporarilyintheporoussoilsbeneaththeunbrokenexpanseofforest.Whenlargeareaswere

convertedtofarmuse,removaloftheforestandthepracticeofup-and-downhillplowing

deprivedthesoilsofmuchoftheirabilitytocatchandstorewater.

Theeffectsofeliminatingthenaturalforestcoverareshowninthegulliedfarmlandsand

widenedstreamchannelsfoundinsomedenselysettledareas.Partlybecausethestream

channelsaremoreorlessfilledwithmaterialwasheddownfromtheuplands,andpartlybecause

stormrunoffhasincreased,thechannelsaretodaynolongerabletocarryalltheflowfrom

heavyrains.Thisexplainswhythestreamsovertopbanksfarmoreoftenthaninthedaysbefore

settlement.

26.Thebesttitlefortheselectionwouldbe.

A.RiverRising!RiverRising!B.ForestsandFloods

C.FloodingintheU.S.D.TheResultsofFlooding

27.AllofthefollowingcausefloodsEXCEPT.

A.heavyrainB.meltingsnow

C.increasingstormrunoffD.poroussoil

28.Theauthorstatesthat.

A.lakesandswampsonceactedlikenaturalreservoirs

B.up-and-downhillplowingcatchesandstoreswater

C.streamchannelsarethebestcarriersofwater

D.floodsareeasilypreventedandcontrolled

29.Accordingtotheselection,streamsovertoptheirbankspartlybecause.

A.materialfromhigherlandiswashedintothem

B.ditchesanddrainsleadintothem

C.riversbecometooswift

D.snowmeltsmorerapidlynowadays

30.Thefloodswhicharegivenmostpublicity.

A.causenodamage

B.causethemostdamage

C.causelessagriculturaldamagethanthemanysmaller,morefrequentfloods

D.farexceedthesmaller,morefrequentfloodsinagriculturalloss

(2)Theworldhasbecomeaworldofcities.Withthepresentrateofurbangrowth(3.8%inthe

ThirdWorld),themajorityofthepopulationoftheworldwillbelivingincitiesbytheyear2000.

Thiswilltransformtherural-urbanequationwhichhasmarkedthehistoryofmankinduptonow

andwillcallfornewexampleandagreatdealofinnovationtofacethisphenomenon.

Thisbeingso,onemustacceptthefactthatforsomeyearstocome,nopolicywillbe

capableofstoppingorreversingthepresentmigratorytrendfromtheruralareastothecitiesin

theThirdWorld.InAfrica,theurbanpopulationwillreach330millionpeoplebytheendofthe

centuryasagainst150millionin1995.

Thenumberofpeoplelivinginshanty-towns(贫富窟)willinevitablyincreaseinspiteofthe

effortstoimprovehousingconditions.Africaaloneneedstobuild12millionhousingunits

betweennowandtheyear2000tomeetitsmostbasicneeds.InanILOstudy,M.S,V.

Sethuramanestimatesthatin70Third"Worldcitiestheproportionofpeoplelivingin

shanty-townsvariesfrom15%to70%andthataboutUS$116billionisrequiredtogive

minimumcomforttothesepeoplebytheturnofthecentury一lessthanUS$10billionperyear.

Theworldpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout90millionpeopleperyear,withtheThird

Worldaccountingfor80millionofthem.Thepressureoncitiescanonlygoonincreasing.The

urbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountrieswillexceed2billionpeoplebytheyear2000and

sincethemainreasonforthehighdemographic(人口统日一的)growthispoverty,theadditional

populationwillbemostlymadeofpeopleofverylimitedmeans.

21.Iftheurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountriesexceeds2billionpeoplebytheyear

2000,themainproblemtheadditionalpeoplewillfaceis.

A.housingB.food

C.povertyD.limitedland

22.Accordingtothepassage,"aboutUS$116billionisrequiredtogiveminimumcomfortto

thesepeoplebytheturnofthecentury—lessthanUS$10billionperyear."Doyouthinkwhich

yearwasthearticlewrittenbysaying"lessthan$10billionperyear"bytheturnofthecentury?

A.1985.B.1990.

C.1988.D.2000.

23.Themankindshouldfacethephenomenonthattheworldhasbecomeaworldofcities

with.

A.alotofdifficulties

B.effortstoimprovehousingcondition

C.pressureofthebasicneeds

D.newmodelsandagreatdealoftransformationofideasandmethods

24.InAfrica,peopleincitieswillbebytheendofthecentury.

A.almosttwiceasmuchasin1985B.doubledthanthatin1985

C.overtwiceasmuchasin1985D.300million

25.Inspiteoftheeffortstoimprovehousingcondition,thenumberofpeoplelivingin

shanty-townswillincreasebecause.

A.housesinshanty-townsarecheap

B.shanty-townscouldprovidepeoplewithminimumcomfort

C.nopolicywillbecapableofstoppingorchangingthepresentimmigranttendencyfrom

theruralareastothecitiesintheThirdWorld

D.theThirdWordpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout80millionpeopleperyear

(3)SouthernCalifornianswouldlovetofindsomewayofknowingamonthinadvancewhethera

11earthquakewilllikelystrike.Onemeteorologistsuggestsatmosphericpressurepatternsmight

providesome12.JeromeNamiasoftheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyinLaJolla,Calif.,

proposedthis13in1988whenhereportedthatanunusuallystronghigh-pressuresystem

developedintheNorthPacificbeforequakesstrucksouthernCaliforniain1986and1987.Now

Namiashas14expandedhisanalysisbystudyingthesummersbetween1947and1987.

Froma15ofallsouthernCaliforniaearthquakeswithmagnitudesof4-5orgreaterduring

thatperiod,Namias16outthesummerswithmanyquakesandthosewithnoquakes.His

analysisofthemeteorologyduringthesesummersshowsthatquakesweremore17undera

particularsetofconditions;astronger-than-normalNorthPacifichighpressure,alow-pressure

ridgeoverthe18interior.SummerswithnoquakesusuallyhadaweakPacifichighandapoorly

developedcontinentalhigh,hereportsintheDec.10JOURNALOFGEOPHYSICALRESEARCH.

Namiascannot19theapparentcorrelationbetweenpressureandseismicity,buthe20that

variationsinseafloorpressureorinsea-surfacetemperaturemightinfluenceboththe

atmosphericpressureandthegroundstressinCalifornia.

A.damaging

B.idea

C.trace

D.greatly

E.picked

F.clue

G.explain

H.forcefully

I.detects

J.plan

K.continental

L.list

M.predicts

N.managing

O.Likely

(4)AgricultureisthenumberoneindustryintheUnitedStatesandagriculturalproductsarethe

country'sleadingexport.Americanfarmersmanagetofeednotonlythetotalpopulationofthe

UnitedStates,butalsomillionsofotherpeoplethroughouttherestoftheworld.Cornand

soybeanexportsaloneaccountforapproximately75percentoftheamountsoldinworld

markets.

Thisproductivity,however;hasitsprice.Intensivecultivationexposestheearthtothe

damagingforcesofnature.Everyyearwindandwaterremovetonsofrichsoilfromthenation's

croplands.

Eachfieldiscoveredbyalimitedamountoftopsoil,theupperlayerofearthwhichisrichest

inthenutrientsandmineralsnecessaryforgrowingcrops.Eversincethefirstfarmersarrivedin

theMidwestalmost200yearsago,cultivationand,consequently,erosionhavebeendecreasing

thesupplyoftopsoil.Inthe1830s,nearlytwofeetofrich,blacktopsoilcoveredtheMidwest.

Todaytheaveragedepthisonlyeightinches,andeverydecadeanotherinchisblownorwashed

away.Thiserosionissteadilydecreasingtheproductivityofvaluablecropland.AUnitedStates

AgriculturalDepartmentsurveystatesthatiferosioncontinuesatitspresentrate,cornand

soybeanyieldsintheMidwestmaydropasmuchas30percentoverthenext50years.

Sofar,farmershavebeenabletocompensateforthelossoffertiletopsoilbyapplyingmore

chemicalfertilizerstotheirfields;however,whilethispracticehasincreasedcropyields,ithas

beendevastatingforecology.Agriculturehasbecomeoneofthebiggestpollutersofthenation's

preciouswatersupply.Rivers,lakes,andundergroundreservesofwaterarebeingfilledinand

poisonedbysoilandchemicalscarriedbydrainagefromerodingfields.Furthermore,fertilizers

onlyreplenishthesoilstheydonotpreventitsloss.

26.Thelastsentenceinthefirstparagraphgivesanexampletoshow.

A.thatAmericanfarmersmanagetofeedthetotalpopulationoftheU.S.

B.theleadingpositionoftheU.S.farmingintheworld

C.howimportantAmericanpeopleconsidertheirfarming

D.thatmanypeopleintheworldrelyontheexportoftheagriculturalproductsoftheU.S.

A.

27.Inordertocompensateforthelossoffertiletopsoil,farmershavebeen.

A.plantinglesscornandsoybeanB.puttingfertilizersontheirfields

C.preventingsoilerosionD.decreasingthesupplyoftopsoil

28.Atthepresentrate,approximatelyhowmanyyearslatertheblacktopsoilnowcovering

theMidwestwillcompletelybeblownorwashedaway?

A.120yearslater..B.80yearslater.

C.50yearslater.D.100yearslater.

29."Thispractice"inParagraph4refersto.

A.thatfarmershaveloweredtheyieldofcornandsoybean

B.thatfarmershaveexpandedcroplands

C.thatfarmershaveappliedmorechemicalfertilizers

D.thatthetopsoilhasbeendecreasedgreatly

30.AllofthefollowingarestatementsaboutthedisadvantagesoffertilizersEXCEPTthat

A.theyreplenishthesoilB.theydonotpreventthelossofsoil

C.theyaredestroyingtheecologyD.theypollutethenation'swatersupply

(5)Happinesscanbedescribedasapositivemoodandapleasantstateofmind.Accordingto

recentpolls(民意测验)sixtytoseventypercentofAmericansconsiderthemselvestobe

moderatelyhappyandoneintwentypersonsfeelsveryunhappy.Psychologistshavebeen

studyingthefactorsthatcontributetohappiness.Itisnotpredictablenorisapersoninan

apparentlyidealsituationnecessarilyhappy.Theidealsituationmayhavelittletodowithhis

actualfeelings.

Agoodeducationandincomeareusuallyconsiderednecessaryforhappiness.Thoughboth

maycontribute,theyareonlychieffactorsifthepersonisseriouslyundereducatedoractually

sufferingfromlackofphysicalneeds.

Thericharenotlikelytobehappierthanthemiddle-incomegrouporeventhosewithvery

lowincomes.Peoplewithcollegeeducationsaresomewhathappierthanthosewhodidnot

graduatefromhighschool,anditisbelievedthatthisismainlybecausetheyhavemore

opportunitytocontroltheirlives.Yetpeoplewithahighincomeandacollegeeducationmaybe

lesshappythanthosewiththesameincomeandnocollegeeducation.

Poorhealthdoesnotruleouthappinessexceptfortheseverelydisabledorthoseinpain.

Learningtocopewithahealthproblemcancontributetohappiness.Thosewithagoodsexlife

arehappieringeneral,butthosewhohavealoving,affectionaterelationshiparehappierthan

thosewhorelyonsexalone.Lovehasahighercorrelationwithhappinessthananyotherfactor.

Itshouldbenotedthatpeoplequicklygetusedtowhattheyhave,andtheyarehappiest

whentheyfeeltheyareincreasingtheirlevelnomatterwhereitstandsatagiventime.

Childrenwhoseparentswerehappilymarriedhavehappierchildhoodsarenotnecessarily

happieradults.

Thebestformulaforhappinessistobeabletodeveloptheabilitytotoleratefrustration,to

haveapersonalinvolvementandcommitment,andtodevelopself-confidenceandself-esteem.

21.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.happinessispredictable

B.apersoninanapparentlyidealsituationmustbehappy

C.thericharelikelytobehappierthanthemiddle-incomegroup

D.happinessisnotnecessarilyconnectedtoone'ssituationinsociety

22.Peoplewithcollegeeducation.

A.arenothappierthanthosewhohaveonlyaneducationathighschool

B.aremuchhappierthanthosewhodidnotgraduatefromhighschool

C.havelessopportunitytocontroltheirlives

D.havemoreopportunitytocontroltheirlives

23.Accordingtothearticle,happinessisgreatlydependentupon.

A.ahappychildhood

B.greatwealth

C.afeelingthatconditionsarebecomingforthebetter

D.acollegedegree

24.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocontributetohappiness?A.Beingexceptionally

good-looking.

B.Havingaloving,affectionaterelationship.

C.Havingagoodpayingjob.

D.Meetinglotsofpeople.

25.Whichofthefollowingattitudesorfeelingsismostlikelytobefoundinhappypeople?

A.Havingself-esteem.

B.Beingsureofkeepingeverythingtheyalreadyhave.

C.Neverbeingjealous.

D.Knowinghowtobecharming.

(6)Perhapsitwasonlyduringthedawnofthehumanracethatwomen11stoodequalwithmen.

Atthebeginning,Ithinkbothsexessharedequalresponsibilityforthe12oftherace.Menand

womensharedinthehuntandinwars.Tracesofthisancienttraditioncanbefound,forexample,

intheAchinesesocietyinNorthSumatra,wherewomenfoughtalongsidemenagainstthe

invadingDutchcolonial13duringtheAchinesewarsinthe19thcentury.Somewomeneven

becameadmiralsoftheAchinesefleet.Otherculturesinotherpartsoftheworldhavehadthe14

tradition.

Perhapstheinventionofagriculture15thebeginningofadifferentiationbetweenmen's

andwomen'sroles.Mencontinuedtohunt,andwomenbecamefoodgatherersandtendedthe

field.Men16becameagriculturistsaswell,whenthehuntnolongerprovidedenough

sustenanceforthecommunity.Thebiologicalfactthatwomen17children,andthateachtime

theygivebirththeyare18,foratime,fullytoplaytheirroleintheprovisionofsustenanceand

otherworkforthefamily,slowlygaverisetomoredistinctmen'sandwomen'sroles.Menwho

arephysicallystronger19onsuch"natural"rolesaswarriors,andinmostcasesmenbecame

chiefs,commanders,andkings.Inthe20ofhistory,asmatriarchalsystemsbecameminoritiesin

manycultures,therolesofmenandwomeninmanysocietiesbecameincreasingly

gender-orientedanddifferentiated.

A.really

B.police

C.bear

D.course

E.survival

F.later

G.forces

H.unable

I.lately

J.process

K.remarked

L.marked

M.same

N.took

O.Unstable

(7)lnmanytraditionalsocietiesawoman'sroleisrestrictedtothatofmother(forthe

continuationoftherace),andsheisconfinedtofamilyandhouseholdactivities,includinghelp

outinthefieldandmarket.Insomeethnic(种族的)communitiesinIndonesia,eventoday,

womenaresupposedtodothehardlaborinthericefields,whilementakeiteasyintheircoffee

shops.

WhenIvisitedtheislandofTimorineasternIndonesiain1987,Iwastoldbyfriendsthatin

theinterioroftheislands,whereroadsarestillnon-existent,villagerstraveledtomarketeitheron

footoronhorseback.Itwasacommonsighttoseethehusbandridingahorse,withhiswife

walkingbehindhimcarryingaheavybundleofproduceonherheadtothemarket.Ontheisland

ofAlor;alsoineasternIndonesia,Imetanoldmanagedabout80years,proudlyboastingtome

thathehadninewives."ButyouareaCatholic,"Isaidtohim."Howcouldyouhaveninewives?"

Hesmiled,andsaid:"Imarriedonlyonceinchurch,buttheothereightwivesImarriedaccording

toourtraditionallaws."InmanyethniccommunitiesinIndonesiathegoodwomanorwifeisone

whoobeyherhusband,whodoesnotgoaroundgossiping,whocleansherhomeandcooksgood

foodforthefamily,whoisdiligentinthefield,whodoesnotvisitfriendstoomuch,andwho

givesbirthoflotsofchildren,especiallyboys.

InIndonesiamanyyearsagothewivesofgovernmentworkersormembersofthearmed

forceswereorganizedintowomen'sorganizations.Theleadershipofthesewomen's

organizationswassetupaccordingtothehierarchicalpositionsofthemembers'husbands.For

example,theorganizationofwomenofpersonnelofagovernmentministrywouldautomatically

haveasitschairpersonthewifeoftheministeratthenationallevel,andthechairpersonofthe

provincialorganizationwouldbethewifeofthegovernor;andsoontotheloweradministrative

levels.Itisamazinghowawomanwhomayhaveaninterestinbeingaleadernevertheless

automaticallybecomesachairpersonbecauseoftheofficialpositionofherhusband.Whenthe

husbandisnolongerministerorgovernor,shealsoautomaticallylosesherposition.Manyof

thesewomenhavecomplainedtomethattheyfeelthisisastraitjacket（约束物）imposedon

them,buttheyfeeltheyhavetoaccepttheroleforthesakeofsafeguardingtheirhusbands'

careers.

26.InsomeethnicdistrictsinIndonesiawomenshould.

A.dohouseholdactivitiesB.givebirthofchildren

C.dothehardlaborinthefieldsD.alloftheabove

27.Inthe2ndparagraph"roads"means.

A.someroadsB.highways

C.countryroadsD.heavyroads

28.Whatdoesthequestion"Howcouldyouhaveninewives?"imply?

A.Theoldmanistoooldtohaveninewives.

B.Theoldmanshouldn'thavehadninewives.

C.TheoldmancouldmarryonlyoncebecauseheismemberoftheChurchofRome.

D.TheoldmancouldhaveonlyawifeforheisaChristian.

29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Women'sorganizationsweresetupinthegovernmentadministrativelevelsandthe

armedforces.

B.Theheadofthewomen'sorganizationofaprovincemustbethewifeofthegovernor.

C.Alltheleadersofthewoman'sorganizationsenjoyedtheirroles.

D.Thewifeofagovernorlosesherleadingpositionforthesakeofherhusband.30.The

closestrestatementofthelastsentencein,the3rdparagraphis.

A.manywomenwouldhatetobethechairpersonwithoutconsideringtheirhusband's

careers

B.manygovernors'wivescomplaintheyhavetoacceptthechairpersonroles

C.manywomenareforcedtobecometheleadersofwomen'sorganizationsinorderto

protecttheirhusband'sprofession

D.manygovernors'wivesfeelitnecessarytoaccepttheroles

（8）Thefuturepopulationwillbeolderthantoday,andthisinturnwillchangethepatternsof

socialdemands.However;Mexicowillstillbefarfromthe"agingsocieties11thatwillmostlikely

prevail（占优势）intheindustrializedcountries.Inlessthan25years,thecountrywillhaveto

addalmostasmuchinfrastructureasithasalreadybuiltuptonovy,simplytomaintainservices

andproductionatthecurrentlevels.Thiswillbeatremendouschallenge,althoughasimilarone

wasfacedsuccessfullyintherecentpast,whenavailableinfrastructurewasdoubledintwo

decadesorso.Itisnowonderthatmuchhasbeensaidabouttheneedtoreduceorpreferably

haltMexico'spopulationcontrolwhichistakenforgrantedasbothgoodandnecessary.Ithas

alsogainedsupportersinthedevelopingworld,andMexicoisnoexception.Butthearguments

aboutpopulationarecomplicated,asthefollowingdiscussionillustrates.

EvenifMexico'spopulationreaches125millionbytheyear2010,itspopulationdensityis

stillsmallerthanthe1985populationdensityofsome50countries.Byinternationalstandards

Mexicowillstillnotbeoverpopulatedbytheyear2010.Ifwealthisgeneratedbypeople,the

moreindividualsthereare,thegreaterthewealththatpotentiallycouldbegenerated.Why

shouldMexicocontrolitspopulationatdensitylevelsbelowthoseoftherichercountriesifmore

populationrepresentsthepossibilityofgeneratingmorewealth?

Ontheotherhand,itisoftenpointedoutthatoncesustainability(支撑力)limitsarenearor

arereached,therearedecreasingproductivitygains(or,perhapsmoreaccurately,increasing

productivelosses),andpeoplebecomeacostratherthananasset.Ifweassumethatthereare

sustainabilitylimitsandthatweareclosetoreachingtheselimitsataworldlevel,thenitis

appropriatetocheckpopulationgrowth.

21.Accordingtothepassage,thepopulationargumentisfocusedon.

A.whethermorepeopleareapropertyoracost

B.whetherMexicoshouldcontrolitspopulationgrowthornot

C.whetherthedensityofpopulationinMexicoislargeorsmall

D.whatthestandardinternationalsustainabilitylimitis

22.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Mexicohassteppedintoanagingsociety.

B.ItisnotnecessaryforMexicotocontrolitspopulation.

C.Mexicopopulationisyoungerthanthatofdevelopedcountries.

D.ItisnotnecessaryforMexicotodevelopitsinfrastructure.

23.By"infrastructure"(Para.2)theauthormeans.

A.buildings

B.thebasicframeworkofacountry,suchasschools,services,etc.

C.socialdemands

D.servicesandproduction

24.Itmaybeinferredfromthe3rdparagraphthat.

A.itisn'tnecessaryforMexicotocontrolitspopulationgrowth

B.populationislikelytogrowataslowerpacethaninthepast

C.themorepeoplethereare,thegreaterthewealthpeoplecouldgenerate

D.Mexicoshouldcontrolitspopulationgrowthbecauseshebelongstothedeveloping

countries

25.Tocheckpopulationgrowthisnecessarywhen.

A.therearedecreasingproductivitygains

B.thereareincreasingproductivitylosses

C.weareclosetoreachingthesustainabilitylimitsataworldlevel

D.peoplebecomeacost

(9)Eversincehumanshavelivedonthe11,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsof

communication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformof12

speech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier;communicationis"13throughsignlanguageinwhich

motions14forletters,words,andideas.Touristsandthepeopleunabletohearorspeakhave

hadto15tothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsarevery16and

exactandcanbeused17;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguage18ideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.

Awinkcanbeawayofindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,while

shakingtheheadindicatesa19reaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsread

withthefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsand20signsalso

guide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whilelanguageisthemostcommonformofcommunication,othersystemsandtechniques

alsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeelings.

A.picture

B.oral

C.stand

D.world

E.internationally

F.optional

G.resort

H.vivid

I.earth

J.accomplished

K.transmits

L.represent

M.negative

N.intelligently

O.Translates

(10)"Cultureshock"occursasaresultoftotalimmersion(浸没)inanewculture.Ithappensto

"peoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad."Newcomersmaybeanxiousbecause

theydonotspeakthelanguage,knowthecustoms,orunderstandpeople'sbehaviorindailylife.

Thevisitorfindsthat"yes'*maynotalwaysmean"yes",thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarily

meanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.The

foreignermaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowto

approachastranger.Thenotionof"cultureshock"helpsexplainfeelingsofbewildermentand

disorientation.Languageproblemsdonotaccountforallthefrustrationsthatpeoplefeel.When

oneisdeprivedofeverythingthatwasoncesofamiliar;suchasunderstandingatransportation

system,knowinghowtoregisterforuniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,

difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.

whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorsheislikefishoutofwater;"

Newcomersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtoandfeelalienatedfromthenativemembers

oftheculture.Whenthishappensvisitorsmaywanttorejecteverythingaboutthenew

environmentandmayglorifyandexaggeratethepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.

Converselyvisitorsmayscorntheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvaluesandinsteadchoosingto

identifywith(ifonlytemporarily)thevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattemptto

over-identifywiththenewcultureinordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.

26.Theexpression"heorsheislikefishoutofwater"suggests.

A.peopleawayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewculture

B.afishcannotsurvivewithoutwater

C.peopleawayfromtheircultureexperiencementalisolation

D.peopleawayfromtheirculturehavedifficultiesintheirstudies

27.Inordertoidentifywiththenewenvironment