2023学年完整公开课版中学语法2

Grammarsentencesstart!句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主·宾·表补定·状·1)主语（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语后。

Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,动词不定式,动名词

或从句名词,主格代词动词(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want

B.totell

C.you

D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give

B.did

C.whomD.book3)宾语（object）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?4)表语（predicative）用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。Heisastudent.

除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.5)宾补（objectivecomplement）补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。Theymadehimking.‹

›Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.‹

›高考常考的宾补通常是考：使役动词感官动词后边跟复合宾语四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人躺在地板上，被绳子捆着。句中的lyingonthefloor为现在分词，作宾语补足语.

使役动词let;make;have及感官动词hear;see;notice;feel;watch;observe;find等后面可接动词原形;现在分词及过去分词，考试一般考查宾补用do/doing/done的哪种形式。+动词原形强调动词与宾语之间存在主动关系及动作的全过程;+现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系,及动作正在进行;+过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系,及动作已经完成.如:1.Imustseemychildcrossthestreet.（cross与宾语mychild之间存在主动关系；且看到了cross的全过程）2.Isawthethiefstealinghermoney.(stealing与宾语thethief之间存在主动关系；且与saw同时发生。）3.Youwillseemanyproblemssettledinthisway.(settled与宾语manyproblems之间存在被动关系,且发生在see之前）1．Theteachermadetheboystandingforawholeclassasapunishment.2.Theysawayoungmanentertheoldbuilding.3.Hesawanoldmanknockedbyabigtruckyesterday.4.Wehadbuiltandlettheraftsaildowntheriver5.ButIcouldseeamanlyingonthefloor,tiedupwithrope.6.Andwefoundthemen’sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.找出句中的宾补：附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。定语Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语

我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.

说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.

(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语)Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.状语

(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.

⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.

⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.

句子类型简单句并列句复合句简单句简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。作一种陈述提出一个问题发出一种命令或请求表示一种感叹Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!［句型归纳］简单句共有以下五种基本句型：句型例句主语+系动词+表语Thechild

seems

healthy.主语+不及物动词Westudyhard.主语+及物动词+宾语Tom

loves

sports.主语+及物动词+间接宾语＋直接宾语Myfather

boughtme

abike.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语He

painted

thewall

white.基本句型一：主语+系动词+表语S(主语）+V（系动词）+P(表语）主系表结构用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。［典型例句］

(1)He

is

aboy.(2)You

look

interestedinthestory.

(3)Theweather

became

warmer.(4)He

isnotin.(5)Apark

lies

nearourschool.

(6)Pleasekeep

quiet.

(7)ThereasonformyfailurewasthatIhadn’tputmyheartintomystudies.表语可以由名词，代词，形容词，副词，介词短语和分词等充当，［特别说明］常用的系动词有：

⑴系动词be。

⑵表示“……起来”的感官系动词，如sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，appear(显得)等。⑶表变化的系动词，如become，get，turn，grow，come，go，fall，run等。

⑷表持续的系动词，如remain，keep，stay，lie,stand等。(5)

其他：turnout,prove［即时练习］请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.这台机器的情况良好。2.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。3.他突然病倒了。Hehassuddenlyfallenill.Thismachineisingoodcondition.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.4.他静静地站着。5.电梯坏了。6.未来几天天气将持续寒冷。Hestoodquitestill.Theliftisoutoforder/hasgonewrong.Itwillstay/remaincold(for)severaldays.基本句型二：主语+不及物动词S（主语）＋Ｖ（谓语）＋[（Ａ）（状语）]此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。谓语的修饰语叫状语,状语可以出现在句首或句末，有时无状语。［典型例句］⑴Themachine

works

smoothly.⑵They

stopped

totakeashortrest.⑶He

isstanding

bythewindow.(4)

Great

changes

havetakenplace（谓语）inmyhometown（状语）inthepasttenyears（状语）.(5).

She

sat（谓语）therealone,readinganovel.［即时练习］请用本句型翻译下列句子。1.太阳在照耀着。2.我们学习很努力。3.他们谈了半个小时。Thesunisshining.Westudyveryhard.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.4.这支笔书写流利。5.2010年4月14日，玉树发生了一场地震。6.五年前我住在北京。Thepenwritessmoothly.AbigearthquakehappenedinYushuonApr.14，2010.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.7.他昨晚很晚回家。8.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.Hereturnedhomelatelastnight.基本句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语S(主语)＋V(谓语)＋O(宾语）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词，都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。而宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。［典型例句］Mary

enjoys

music.Heloves

her.I

want

togetyourhelp.I

don’tknow

whattodo.He

enjoys

reading.I

don’tthink

he’sright.及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语)，才可以表达一个完整的意思。做宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句等。◆活学活用请划分以下句子的成分：（1）Whoknowstheanswer?（2）Shesmiledherthanks.（3）Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.（4）Heenjoysreading.（5）Iamconsideringchangingmyjobnextmonth.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________基本句型四：主语+及物动+间宾+直宾Ｓ+Vt.（及物）+IO+DO此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。间接宾语(人）一般在前面，直接宾语（物）在后面。但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He

brings

me

cookieseveryday.→He

brings

cookies

tomeeveryday.She

bought

me

abeautifulskirt.→She

bought

abeautifulskirt

forme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for

侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。◆活学活用

请划分以下句子的成分：(1)Sheordered

herself

anewdress.(2)Shecooked

herhusbandadeliciousmeal.(3)Igave

mycarawash.(4)Heshowedme

howtorunthemachine划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?基本句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补Ｓ+Ｖ（及物）+Ｏ（宾语）+Ｃ（宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这就叫复合宾语结构。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。［典型例句］⑴We

electedLiYang

ourmonitor.⑵Thenews

made

us

sad.⑶I

found

myself

indark.⑷He

encouraged

me

tostudyharder.⑸Theboss

made

him

workovertime.⑹I

heard

myname

called.⑺Don’tleave

thewater

runningafteryouhavewashedyourhands.⑻I

found

it

verypleasant

tobewithyourfamily.［找出例句(2)-(8)宾语和宾补间的逻辑关系］⑵Thenews

made

us

sad.⑶I

found

myself

indark.⑷He

encouraged

me

tostudyharder.⑸Theboss

made

him

workovertime.⑹I

heard

myname

called.⑺Don’tleave

thewater

runningafteryouhavewashedyourhands.⑻I

found

it

verypleasant

tobewithyourfamily.Therebe结构there+be+主语用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be

之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。一般地说，全句意为：“某地有某物/某人。”如：Thereareaboutfourthousandstudentsinourschool.温馨提示：学生受汉语的干扰，会运用一些汉式表达。请观察下列句子：

有两个男孩儿正在等你。2.公园里每天有很多人做早操。Therearetwoboysarewaitingforyou.错改为Thereare

twoboyswaitingforyou.Therearemanypeopledoexercisesintheparkeverymorning.错改为Manypeople

do

exercisesintheparkeverymorning.［特别说明］1.be与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致，有时态和情态变化。2.此句型有时不用be动词，而用live，stand，come，go，lie，remain，exist，arrive等不及物动词。［典型例句］⑴Therearestillmanythingsforustodo.⑵Thereare

manystudentsholdinganoppositeview.⑶Therearetreesplantedbystudentsalloverthemountain.⑷Thereare

manypeoplewhodon’tagree.⑸Therewillbe

ameetingtomorrow.⑹Thereusedtobe

awellinthevillage.⑺Theremustbe

somejobIcoulddo.⑻Thereislikelytobe

aseriousmistakeinthedecision.⑼Therehappenstobe

aclassmateofmineinthisschool.(10)Nearourschooltherestands

ahighbuilding.(11)Oncetherelived

agooddoctorinasmalltown.［即时练习］一、单句翻译请用Therebe句型翻译下列句子。1.二月份有二十八天。2.下午将有大风。There’re28daysinFebruary.There’llbestrongwindsintheafternoon.复习简单句：对下列句子的成份进行划分Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹

›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。连接成分并列句：复合句：并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.并列句常用并列连词

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:

选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,either…orⅡ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：

1.主语从句2.宾语从句

3.表语从句4.定语从句

5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句宾语从句状语从句定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Hetoldme

thenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Idon’tknowhim.Hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.宾语从句HeisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.宾语从句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.Theywanttoknowwhereyouaregoing.Thestudentshasdecidedwhentheyholdthemeeting.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句thepeople

surprisedThatWhathesaidwhathedid主语Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerintheroom.定语whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.1)主语从句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

2)定语从句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidheknewtheboywhowassittingbythewindow.Thepicturewhichisonthewallisdrawnbymyfather.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句That

isthefact.表语whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.2）表语从句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Heworked

inthatfactorythreeyearsago.地点状语时间状语wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Putthebook

onthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地点状语where

youfoundit.Youcan’tcamphere.wheretherearealotoftrees.whereveryoulike.状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2)地点状语从句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的关联词有：because,as,since4)结果状语从句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的关联词有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的状语从句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的关联词有：so,sothat,inorderthat6)条件状语从句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的关联词有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)让步状语从句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.常用的关联词有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的关联词有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式状语从句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度状语从句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.指出下列各从句的类型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.宾语从句状语从句定语从句PracticeHehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.宾语从句状语从句定语从句1.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.2.Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.3.Thattheearthisroundiswell-known.4.Theybelievedthattheywouldwinthegame.5.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.6.DoyouknowthewomanwhoistalkingtoMrGreen?划出从句，并判断从句的种类。(定语从句）（表语从句）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（主语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）(定语从句）7.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.8.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.9.ThenewsthatJimtoldusistrue.10.Healwaysthinksofhowhecanworkbetter.11.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.12.Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.13.Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.（宾语从句）（状语从句）(定语从句）（宾语从句）（状语从句）（宾语从句）（表语从句）有关“跨文化”话题假设你叫李华，你的外国朋友John想了解中国的春节，请根据以下提纲，给他写一封短信：

1、春节在中国人中的地位

2、春节的时间.春节前人们……

3、春节期间，人们……

参考词汇：对联couplet爆竹firecrackerDearJohn,Howtimeflies!Fourmonthshavepassedsincewesaweachotherlasttime.Icannothelpbutmissyou.YouaskedmeaboutChineseSpringFestival.NowIwouldliketotellyousomethingaboutit.________________________________________写出下列与春节有关的词汇春节_____________农历______________正月____________除夕______________初一_____________团圆饭_______________年夜饭____________爆竹__________