2023年陕西第四军医大学考研英语练习题100道（附答案解析）

年陕西第四军医大学考研英语练习题100道（附答案解析）

第1题【单选题】TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.A、emergesinthewakeoftheantihappyartB、isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublicC、replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformationD、createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。观点态度题。本段第4句指出，商业文化（其代表就是广告）传达快乐信息的目的是诱使我们打开钱包，而这使快乐的概念本身变得不可信了。接着指出，我们忘记了，幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的享乐，那些带来最大快乐的东西同时也最有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。由此可知，广告带给我们的快乐是一种不真实的感受。因此D正确。第2题【单选题】Theydidfindthat______appearsinadreamhasfargreaterinfluenceonmoodthan________occursinthedream.A、theperson...thethingB、who...whatC、who...thatD、thepersonwho...which【正确答案】B【答案解析】that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，who,what分别做主语，代表人和事情。第3题【单选题】Facinggrowingcostsandshrinkingtax________,thegovernmentisnowthreateningtocutfundingforenvironmentalprotectionprograms.A、budgetB、collectionC、profitD、revenue【正确答案】D【答案解析】revenue“收入，税收”，尤指国家的岁入。根据题意，正确答案应为D。第4题【单选题】Somewherearoundpuberty,somethinghappensinthetimingofthebiologicalclock.Theclockpushesforward,soadolescentsandteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Whenyourmothertellsyouit'stimeforbed,yourbodymaybepushingyoutostayupforseveralhoursmore.AndthelightcomingfromyourcomputerscreenorTVcouldbepushingyoutostayupevenlater.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?A、Youngchildren'sbiologicalclockhasthesamerhythmwiththatoftheteenagers.B、Peopleafterpubertybegintogotobedearlierduetothechangeofthebiologicalclock.C、Childrenbeforepubertytendtofallasleepearlieratnightthanadolescents.D、Teenagersgotobedlaterthantheyusedtoduetothelightfromthecomputerscreen.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。推理判断题，对应原句Theclockpushesforward（推动），soadolescents（青年）andteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.的含义是青年人以前睡觉还要早。考察usedto（过去）的意思得到答案为C。第5题【单选题】TheU.S.decidedthat,_____itsincreasingtradedeficit,itwouldhavetotightenimportantrestriction.A、inviewofB、withregardtoC、inrespectofD、inthelightof【正确答案】A【答案解析】inviewof鉴于。withregardto关于/作为答复。inrespectof关于/谈及。inthelightof根据。第6题【单选题】Cheeseisreallyagood[lure]formice.A、许可，准许B、诱惑C、要求，渴望D、焦点【正确答案】B【答案解析】[lure]n.诱惑；饵；诱惑物。第7题【单选题】Idon’twanttobringupthetopic,______whyonearthdidyougethomethatlatelastnight?A、butB、andC、orD、so【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查连词用法。前文说：我不想说这个话题，而下文又把这个话题提了出来，由此可以看出是转折关系。第8题【单选题】YettheNilehasbeenchangedbymodernmannotyetfullyunderstood.A、然而现代人却使尼罗河发生了变化，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河的变化。B、然而现代的人改变了尼罗河，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化。C、然而现代人使尼罗河以不完全了解的方式发生了变化。D、然而现代的人却使尼罗河发生了变化，不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题考查的知识点为被动语态。英语里，被动语态用得很多。但汉语里的被动式远没有英语里的被动语态用得多。更多的情况是用主动式，或以主动式的结构来表示被动的含义。第9题【单选题】Whilewecannotclosethegulfbetweenus,wecantrytobridgeitsothatwemaybeabletotalkacrossit.A、当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B、在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。C、虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D、虽然我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之间的鸿沟。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本句虽然用了连词while，但分句与主句之间是一种让步关系，因此while可译为“虽然”。此句中的bridge用作动词，这是一种形象的说法，译为“搭一座桥”。第10题【单选题】—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—_____hernewbicycle.A、AsshelostB、LostC、LosingD、Becauseoflosing.【正确答案】C【答案解析】问句中的what只能用动名词短语losinghernewbicycle来代替。答案B为过去分词不作主语，答案A不构成主语从句。若将答语补充完整，全句为LosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.因此缺少主语，正确答案为C。第11题【单选题】Iparticularlywanttopaytribute,notonlytothosewhopreparedthemagnificentdinner,butalsotothosewhohaveprovidedthesplendidmusic.A、我们不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。B、我们不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。C、我们不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人。D、我们不仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们提供美好音乐的人。【正确答案】A【答案解析】虽然原文只重复介词to，译文还是要重复动词“赞扬”；此外原文provide一词比较笼统，译文用“演奏”一词更为合适。第12题【单选题】GangXiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversity,visualizethecurrentbymeasuringsubtle（细微的）changesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand________.A、toshrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerB、tomakeitcapableofmeasuringveryweakchangesinmagneticfieldsC、aswellasrevealingmicroscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotesD、convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateachpoint【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。空格前的by在句中引导两个在句法结构上并列的分词短语：一个是measuringsubtle（细微的）changesinthemagneticfieldofanobject；另一个就是convertingtheinformationinto…，即：通过测量一个物体的磁场内的细微变化和把信息转化成显示每一点电流强度的彩色图片而使电流显现。第13题【单选题】Manypeopleacton_____withoutcountingthecost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；[电子]脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力。第14题【单选题】Ontheafternoonofthateventfulday,Istoodontheporch,dumb,expectant.A、那是一个多事的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。B、在那个多变故的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。C、在那个有重要意义的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里。D、那是一个有事的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。一个词往往有许多意思，在不同的场合意思不同。eventful在这里应译作“有重要意义的”；dumb在这里不是强调她不能说话，而是说她没有说什么，所以译作“一声不响”；expectant在汉语里很难找到相应的形容词，所以译作“怀着期待的心情”，用作状语。第15题【单选题】Thereisalotofluckindrillingforoil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drillingforoil表示“钻探石油”；alotofluck本意表示的是“运气”，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性”。第16题【单选题】TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.A、emergesinthewakeoftheantihappyartB、isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublicC、replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformationD、createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。观点态度题。本段第4句指出，商业文化（其代表就是广告）传达快乐信息的目的是诱使我们打开钱包，而这使快乐的概念本身变得不可信了。接着指出，我们忘记了，幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的享乐，那些带来最大快乐的东西同时也最有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。由此可知，广告带给我们的快乐是一种不真实的感受。因此D正确。第17题【单选题】Thedeclineinmoralstandards,whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts,hasatlast________theattentionofaverageAmericans.A、clarifiedB、cultivatedC、characterizedD、captured【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格后的名词attention搭配并符合题意的只有一个。capture“捕获，吸引（注意力）”。根据题意，正确答案应选D。第18题【单选题】ThisanimalistobefoundonlyintheSouthern[Hemisphere].A、解释B、半球C、历史学家D、引用【正确答案】B【答案解析】hemispheren.半球。第19题【单选题】Marian,thegirlwhowrotetheoriginalstoryaboutRoxaboxenthatthechildren’sbookisbasedon,wasmayor.Otherkidsranthestoreswhichsoldimaginaryicecreamandbakedgoods.Kidsdroveimaginarycarsoutsideoftown,andthespeederswenttojail,whichwasguardedbythesheriff,anotherkid.Elsewhere,boysandgirlshadbattles,chargingeachother’sbasesusingspearsmadewithocotillo,adesertplant.WhoisMarian?A、Sheistheauthor.B、ShesoldicecreaminRoxaboxen.C、SheisthemayorofRoxaboxeninthebook.D、Sheguardsthejailinthebook.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。事实细节题。根据关键词锁定短文本段。本段第一句话给出了正确答案，Marian是最先写这个故事的人，但是并不是这本书的作者。而且是这本书中那个小镇的镇长。第20题【单选题】TwolittleboysinparticularcaughtourattentionA、两个小男孩特别注意我们。B、两个特别的小男孩子尤其引起我们的注意。C、两个穿着特别的小男孩尤其引起我们的注意。D、两个小男孩尤其引起我们的注意。【正确答案】D第21题【单选题】AccordingtoFacebook’svice-presidentElliotSchrage,thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice,andifpeopledon’tshareinformation,theyhavea“lesssatisfyingexperience.”SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Itsoriginalbusinessmodel,whichinvolvedsellingadsandputtingthematthesideofthepage,totallyfailed.Whowantstolookatadswhenthey’reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril,SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocial-networkingsites.“Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem,”Schrageadmits.WhydoesFacebookmakechangestoitsrulesaccordingtoElliotSchrage?A、ToconformtotheFederalguidelines.B、Toimproveitsusers’connectivity.C、Torenderbetterservicetoitsusers.D、Toexpanditsscopeofbusiness.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。事实细节题。由题干中的makechangestoitsrules和ElliotSchrage定位到第1段。该段指出，艾略特?施拉格说，脸谱网更改条款只是为了改善其服务，如果用户不共享信息，他们的体验将“不那么令人满意”。C中的renderbetterservice是原文中improveitsservice的同义转换，故为答案。第3段指出，脸谱网更改其隐私条款受到政府的批评，国会要求联邦贸易委员会制定出社交网站的指导方针，由此可见脸谱网更改其条款并非是遵守政府的指导方针，可以排除A“遵守政府的指导方针”；B和D文中均未提及。第22题【单选题】Itwasinforeigncountry_____Ifelt,forthefirsttimeinmylife,_____regretfulIwasaboutthetimewastedplayingaround.A、where,thatB、that,howC、that,whichD、where,how【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。该句是一个强调句，其中还有一个插入语“forthefirsttimeinmylife”，强调句的基本形式是“Itis(was)…that(who)…”，先行词是人时可用who代替that，否则一般用that，故排除A、D。又因为regretful是一个形容词，故应用副词修饰，显然要舍去which而用how。第23题【单选题】Manypeopleacton_____withoutcountingthecost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；[电子]脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力。第24题【单选题】Wehavea_____agreementwithher.A、uniformB、versionC、verbalD、utmost【正确答案】C【答案解析】verbal口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的。第25题【单选题】ShehadcometoEnglandto[pursue]anactingcareer.A、striveB、removeC、quitD、chase【正确答案】D【答案解析】[pursue]继续；从事；追赶；纠缠；chase追逐；追捕。第26题【阅读理解】Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.A、poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusicB、artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelingsC、poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappinessD、artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest【正确答案】D【答案解析】该问提到两位诗人的目的何在。原文举这两位诗人是为了说明艺术家的转变：过去描述幸福，后来描述不幸。因此D为正确答案。A、religiousB、unpleasantC、entertainingD、commercial【正确答案】B【答案解析】从上下段可以看出过去人不好过日子，所以选词义表示“负面的、不好的”选项。四个选项中，只有B“令人不快的”符合题意。A、emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyartB、isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublicC、replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformationD、createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself【正确答案】D【答案解析】由原文可知，如今的广告给人造成幸福的幻觉，而非真的幸福，那么D为正确答案。A、happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadnessB、theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshingC、miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandeniedD、theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms【正确答案】B【答案解析】注意原文“weneedsomeonetotellus...,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.”（忧愁的艺术告诉我们的尽管苦涩，却带来一股令我们清醒的清新气息。本句中someone就是指本篇讨论的现代艺术，而现代艺术的本质是anti-happy的。看看B中morebitter“对应”distasteful；“abreathoffreshair”对应“refreshing”。而thathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit中的代词this/it都是指人生的unhappiness，意思也就是misery，这句话的意思是幸福不在于否认生活中有misery，而是应该去接受或容忍它。命题者将这句话前错后对地改写了，Miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.这里enjoy作者用了个非常具有干扰性的词。A、Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.B、Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.C、Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.D、Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.【正确答案】A【答案解析】由文中可知，宗教在过去提醒人们苦难的存在，如今宣传不幸的艺术起着同样的作用。A说到了宗教的这一作用，为正确答案。第27题【单选题】Readersarerequiredto[complywith]therulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A、evaluateB、memorizeC、protectD、observe【正确答案】D【答案解析】[complywith]服从，遵从。observe遵守，奉行。参考译文：读者被要求遵守图书馆规章并注意各自的行为规范。第28题【单选题】Thistrainwill[terminate]atSheffield.A、endB、sympathyC、campaignD、attribute【正确答案】A【答案解析】[terminate]使终止；使结束；解雇；end结束，终止；终结。第29题【单选题】BothTomandhisbrother[takeafter]theirfathernotonlyinappearancebutalsoincharacter.A、resembleB、assimilateC、followD、reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】[takeafter]与相像。resemble像，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第30题【单选题】Ifyou______stopsmoking,youcanonlyexpecttohaveabadcough.A、won’tB、wouldnotC、donotD、cannot【正确答案】A【答案解析】will除了用作表示将来时的助动词外，还可用来强调愿意或不愿意。但是在表示不肯或不愿意时，则只能使用won’t，不能使用wouldnot。第31题【阅读理解】(1)Themostcommontheoryofperceptionisna?verealisminwhichpeoplebelievethatwhattheyperceiveisthingsinthemselves.Childrendevelopthistheoryasaworkinghypothesisofhowtodealwiththeworld.①[Manypeoplewhohavenotstudiedbiologycarrythistheoryintoadultlifeandregardtheirperceptiontobetheworlditselfratherthanapatternthatoverlaystheformoftheworld.]ThomasReidtookthistheoryastepfurther.Herealizedthatsensationwascomposedofasetofdatatransfersbutdeclaredthatthesewereinsomewaytransparentsothatthereisadirectconnectionbetweenperceptionandtheworld.ThisideaiscalledDirectRealism.DirectRealismhasbecomepopularinrecentyearswiththeriseofPostmodernismandBehaviorism.②DirectRealismdoesnotclearlyspecifythenatureofthebitoftheworldthatisanobjectinperception,especiallyincaseswheretheobjectissomethinglikeashadow.(2)③Thesuccessionofdatatransfersthatareinvolvedinperceptionsuggeststhatsomewhereinthebrainthereisafinalsetofactivity,calledsensedata.Perceptionwouldthenbesomeformofbrainactivityandsomehowthebrainwouldbeabletoperceiveitself.Thisconceptisknownasindirectrealism.InIndirectRealismitisheldthatwecanonlybeawareofexternalobjectsbybeingawareofrepresentationsofobjects.ThisideawasheldbyJohnLockeandImmanuelKant.Thecommonargumentagainstindirectrealismisthatitimpliesahomunculuswhereitappearsasifthemindisseeingthemindinanendlesscircle.Thisargumentassumesthatperceptionisentirelyduetodatatransferandclassicalinformationprocessing.④Thisassumptionishighlycontentiousandtheargumentcanbeavoidedbyproposingthattheperceptisaphenomenonthatdoesnotdependwhollyuponthetransferandrearrangementofdata.(3)Directrealismandindirectrealismareknownas“realist”theoriesofperceptionbecausetheyholdthatthereisaworldexternaltothemind.Directrealismholdsthattherepresentationofanobjectislocatednextto,orisevenpartof,theactualphysicalobjectwhereasindirectrealismholdsthattherepresentationofanobjectisbrainactivity.⑤Directrealismproposessomeasyetunknowndirectconnectionbetweenexternalrepresentationsandthemindwhileindirectrealismrequiressomefeatureofmodernphysicstocreateaphenomenonthatavoidsinfiniteregress.”【正确答案】许多没有学过生物学的人直到成年阶段还相信这个理论，（0.5分）认为自己所认识的就是世界本身而不是罩在世界存在形式上面的一种模式。（1分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】（1）句子整体上采用顺译法，局部采用包孕法（定语前置）。（2）who引导的定语从句采用包孕前置手法。短语carrythistheoryintoadultlife部分需要意译为“到成年之后还相信这一理论”。（3）名词perception理解为“认识，观念，看法”。（4）动词overlay理解为“覆盖的上面”。that限制性定语采用前置包孕法。【正确答案】直接现实主义并不明确肯定世界的一个小的组成部分的本质，（1分）而这个部分只是被感知的对象，尤其是当这一物体仅仅像个影子的时候。（0.5分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整个基本采用顺译法。（2）动词specify理解为“具体指明，明确说明”（tostateitordescribeitprecisely,sothatitisclearwhichofseveralthingsyoumean）。（3）thatisanobjectinperception作定语从句修饰abit，定语从句在这包含转折关系。（4）名词shadow在这转化为“影子，表象”。【正确答案】认知过程中数据的连续转换表明，（1分）大脑某处已经有一个叫做“感觉材料”的最终活动系统。（1分）/（整句结构不通顺-0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整句基本采用顺译法。（2）thatareinvolvedinperception定语从句采用前置方法。（3）名词successionofdatatransfer在汉语译文重新调整顺序，转化为“数据的连续转换”。（4）由于sensedata是一个独立的成分，所以在一文中需要在“感觉材料”上加上引号。【正确答案】这一假设极具争议性，（0.5分）而只要我们提出感知是一种并不完全依赖数据（材料）的转换和重新组合的现象，（0.5分）那么这一论点就不会被涉及。（0.5分）/（整句结构通顺0.5分）【答案解析】本句较难。（1）整句基本采用顺译法。（2）thisassumption照应上一个句子的内容。（3）在转化被动语态“theargumentcanbeavoided”时，由于by引导的状语太复杂，所以采用增加“我们，人们”作主语，以增强译文的通顺性。（4）that引导的定语从句修饰phenomenon一词，需要前置包孕以增强译文的逻辑性。【正确答案】直接现实主义认为在外部表象和内心之间存在着某种尚不为人知的联系，（1分）而非直接现实主义则要求现代物理学的某一特定功能来创造一种可以避免无限倒退的现象。（1分）/（整句结构不通顺-0.5分）【答案解析】（1）整句采用顺译的方式，连词while引导的两个分句之间存在对比关系。（2）asyet含否定意义，“迄今为止尚未”。（3）feature一词理解为“特定功能”。（4）thatavoidsindefiniteregress需要前置包孕放置到“现象”前面。第32题【单选题】Thereisalotofluckindrillingforoil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】drillingforoil表示“钻探石油”；alotofluck本意表示的是“运气”，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性”。第33题【单选题】Youdon’thaveto_____meofanything.A、transformB、upsetC、spoilD、persuade【正确答案】D【答案解析】persuade说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事。第34题【单选题】ThewesternmediawasastonishedtoseethatChina’sGDP________byalmost40%justintwoyears’time.A、flourishedB、floatedC、soaredD、roared【正确答案】C【答案解析】soar“高涨，猛增”。根据题意，正确答案应选C。第35题【单选题】RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedthegovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500meterradius（半径）ofschoolgrounds,childcarecenters,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoradiationthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates（提高）.Whoabsorblow-levelradiationatahigherratethantheothers?A、Children.B、Men.C、Women.D、Oldpeople.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段第三句话提到：Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.从这句话可以看出答案是A。第36题【单选题】Thepolicemancameuptothelonelyhousewiththedoor________,________thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A、open;tostandB、opening;stoodC、open;stoodD、opened;standing【正确答案】C【答案解析】withthedooropen是with的复合结构,open为形容词,表状态;stood与came,entered为并列关系,在句中作谓语。第37题【单选题】Tomwasseriouslyill.________hewasabsentfromschool.A、HewasbecauseB、ThatwaswhyC、ThatwasbecauseD、Thatwasthat【正确答案】B【答案解析】在这个题目中，后半部分讲的是结果，“这就是他为什么缺席”，所以在这里我们要选择答案B。第38题【单选题】BecauseHelenishiswife,itisdifficultforAlantobe_____abouthertalent.A、subjectiveB、objectiveC、impressiveD、persuasive【正确答案】B【答案解析】subjective主观的。objective客观的。impressive印象深刻的。persuasive善于游说的。第39题【单选题】Thistrainwill[terminate]atSheffield.A、endB、sympathyC、campaignD、attribute【正确答案】A【答案解析】[terminate]使终止；使结束；解雇；end结束，终止；终结。第40题【单选题】ShehadcometoEnglandto[pursue]anactingcareer.A、striveB、removeC、quitD、chase【正确答案】D【答案解析】[pursue]继续；从事；追赶；纠缠；chase追逐；追捕。第41题【单选题】Wehaveto[modify]ourplanalittlebit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize【正确答案】C【答案解析】[modify]修改，修饰；更改；adjust调整，使…适合。第42题【单选题】Costwasakey_____inourdecision.A、philosopherB、innovationC、qualityD、element【正确答案】D【答案解析】element元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境。第43题【单选题】Thereisalotofluckindrillingforoil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】drillingforoil表示“钻探石油”；alotofluck本意表示的是“运气”，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性”。第44题【单选题】Intimesofeconomiccrisis,Americansturntotheirfamiliesforsupport.IftheGreatDepressionisanyguide,wemayseeadropinourskyhighdivorcerate.Butthiswon’tnecessarilyrepresentanincreaseinhappymarriages.Inthelongrun,theDepressionweakenedAmericanfamilies,andthecurrentcrisiswillprobablydothesame.WetendtothinkoftheDepressionasatimewhenfamiliespulledtogethertosurvivehugejoblosses.By1932,whennearlyone-quarteroftheworkforcewasunemployed,thedivorceratehaddeclinedbyaround25%from1929.Butthisdoesn’tmeanpeopleweresuddenlyhappierwiththeirmarriages.Rather,withincomesdecreasingandinsecurejobs,unhappycouplesoftencouldn’taffordtodivorce.Theyfearedneitherspousecouldmanagealone.IntheGreatDepressionmanyunhappycoupleschosetosticktogetherbecause_____.A、startinganewfamilywouldbehardB、theywantedtobetterprotecttheirkidsC、livingseparatelywouldbetoocostlyD、theyexpectedthingswouldturnbetter【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。推理判断题。由题干中的和unhappycouples定位到文章第2段最后两句。随着收入下降和工作的不稳定，不幸福的家庭承担不起离婚的费用。他们担心任何一方都无法独自生活。由此可见，在大萧条时期，即使不幸福的家庭也会选择共同生活，因为离婚的费用和独自生活的成本太高了，故答案为C。第45题【单选题】Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustpredominancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlavatoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A、talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccessB、biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformanceC、theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlookedD、highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。推理判断题。作者用了类似“令人震惊的结论”这样浓墨重彩的表达突出了文章的最终结论“Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway，expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogrammingarenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.”（他们的研究得出的结论令人惊讶：我们高估了通常称为天赋的特质。或者，换种方式来讲，表现出众的人——无论记忆力超群者还是外科专家，无论舞姿优美的芭蕾舞演员还是出色的电脑程序设计员——几乎都不是天生的，而是后天造就的。）其中A和C选项和原文主题观点相反；B是支持“出生年月日决定论”是文章开篇所举的反例中的观点，所以均不正确。第46题【单选题】ThecarhonkedatmeuntilIfastenedmyseatbelt.A、汽车向我发出嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。B、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C、汽车在我系上安全带之前发出嘟嘟的声音。D、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。【正确答案】B【答案解析】until在否定句中表示的意思是“直到…才”；在肯定句中等于before；本句的意思是：汽车一直嘟嘟地响，直到我系上安全带才停下来。翻译的时候要体现连词until表示的意思，所以比较恰当的用法应该是B项。A项虽然有“直到”的意思，但是表达方式不符合汉语习惯，意思模糊不清。第47题【单选题】Onereasoniseconomic.Inatraditionalagriculturaleconomy,largefamiliesarehelpful.Havingmorechildrenmeanshavingmoreworkersinthefieldsandsomeonetotakecareoftheparentsinoldage.Inanindustrialeconomy,thesituationisdifferent.Manychildrendonothelpafamily;instead,theyareanexpense.Thus,industrializationhasgenerallybroughtdownthebirthrate.ThiswasthecaseinItaly,whichwasindustrializedquiterecentlyandrapidly.Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,Italywasapoor,largelyagriculturalcountrywithahighbirthrate.AfterWorldWarⅡ,Italy'seconomywasrapidlymodernizedandindustrialized.Bytheendofthecentury,thebirthratehaddroppedto1.3childrenperwoman,theworld'slowest.Inatraditionalagriculturaleconomy,alargefamily_______.A、canbeanadvantageB、maylimitincomeC、isn’tnecessaryD、isexpensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。对照本段Inatraditionalagriculturaleconomy,largefamiliesarehelpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A，成为一个优势，答案是A。第48题【单选题】Thisreformissupposedtosavethegovernmentthemoneyinvolving______maintainingalargenumberofcars.A、toB、onC、atD、in【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题考查的是固定短语的搭配，involvein表示“卷入，涉及”的意思。句意：这项改革的目的是让政府节省大量维护车辆的费用。第49题【单选题】JamesBrindleywasapioneerintheartofbuildingcanalsor,asitwasthencalled,‘navigation’.A、布林德雷是建筑运河的先驱者，当时人们把它叫作navigation。B、布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把它叫作navigation。C、布林德雷是建筑运河的先驱者，当时人们把建筑运河叫作navigation。D、布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫作navigation。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本题考查的知识点为重复与代称。原文buildingcanals，但汉语里常见的搭配是“开凿运河”，如译作“建筑运河”，就不顺了。原文后半句用it代替buildingcanals，译文重复“开凿运河”而不用代词，这样译是比较清楚的。第50题【单选题】Thereisno_____forpracticalexperience.A、substituteB、sympathyC、likelyD、grant【正确答案】A【答案解析】substitute代用品；代替者。第51题【单选题】______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A、AnyoneB、ThepersonC、WhoeverD、Who【正确答案】C【答案解析】whoever的意思为“任何人，无论谁”，相当于thepersonwho或anyonewho。第52题【单选题】—CanIknowyourplansforthissummerholiday?—Mm…ofcourse!ButI’mjustthinkingaboutthis.I______beavolunteersocialworker.A、mightB、shouldC、mustD、need【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。考查情态动词。根据句意可知，我正在考虑暑假计划