英语修辞专题培训公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

FigureofspeechWeek18Theoldman'sfacewaswrinkled.Hereyesarebright.Myteacherisverystrict.Theducksandthebeesaremakingnoises.ThemoonlightmadeMariasad.Simile（明喻）;Metaphor（隐喻）;Metonymy（借喻）;Synecdoche（提喻）;Euphemism（委婉语）;Irony（反语）;Overstatement（hyperbole）andunderstatement（夸张与轻描淡写）;Transferredepithet（转移修饰）;Oxymoron（矛盾修饰）;Alliteration（头韵）Simile

1.Definition:Itisacomparisonbetweentwodistinctlydifferentthingsandthecomparisonisindicatedbythewords:“as”,“like”,orsomeotherwords.2.Basiccharacteristicsa.Tenorandvehiclebelongtodifferentcategories.b.Thereisonepointofresemblancebetweentenorandvehicle.Forexample:1)AndthenDellaleapeduplikealittlesingedcatandcried:“Oh,oh!”(O.Henry:“TheGiftofMagi”)2)Hebellowedlikeabullseekingcombat.Themanislikeacockwhothinksthatthesunrisestohiscrow.

MetaphorDefinitionItislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.e.g.(1-3)andmoreonpage23AgeismyalarmclockAcarpetofgreengrasscoveredtheslopesofthemountain.Theshipplowsthesea.

ComparisonbetweensimileandmetaphorSimile

Happinessislikesunshine:Itismadeupofverylittlebeams.

Metaphor:

Thesunshineofhappinessismadeupofverylittlebeams.PersonificationDefinition:Inpersonification,athingoranideaistreatedasifitwerehumanorhadhumanqualities.Itgiveshumanform,character,qualityorsensibilitytoanimals,plants,objects,ideasorabstractions.Eg:(1-5)1)Flowerspeepedusfromamongtheleaves.2)Thebuffalocomesdowntothebankandsubsideswithagroanofsatisfactionintothemud.3)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.4)Iwatchedthemoonlightdancingontheripplesofthelake.5)Wordspaynodebts.Metonymy

DefinitionWhenonethingiscloselyassociatedwithanotherthing,thenameofonethingissubstitutedforthatofanother.Exercise:Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsmetonymy.Underlinethewordsorphraseusedmetonymically.Explainitinyourownwords.

1.Whatisleantinthecradleiscarriedtothegrade.

2.Manypeoplelikerosycheeks.

3.Thetouristsareexhaustedandtookarestundertheshade.

4.Hispursewouldnotallowhimtolivealuxuriouslife.

1cradle:whenveryyoung

2rosycheeks:healthyandlovelypeople

3shade:coolplaces

4purse:income

Synecdoche

DefinitionSynecdocheemphasizestherelationshipbetweenapartandthewhole.Whentheyaresubstitutedforeachother,thesynecdochetakesplace.e.g.(1-4)andmoreonpage25

Ourneighborjustboughtanewmotor.Youareanobleheart.IdoubtiftherewasaneyeinEnglandwhoweptforhisdeath.Thenhecutmeandtookanappendixandstitchesmeupagain.Euphemism

Definition:Itisthesubstitutionofamildorvagueexpressionforaharshorunpleasantone,whichaimstosoftenharshrealitybyordinarypeopleordeceivethepublicbypoliticians.

e.g.andmoreonpage26

Hergrandfatherabandonedtheworldthedaybeforeyesterday.Irony

DefinitionInrhetoricalfiguresofirony,thewordsareusedclearlyoppositelyinmeaningtoachieveaspecialeffect.Shetalkedaboutgreatpeopleasifshehadthefee-simpleofMayFair,andwhenthecourtwentintomourning,shealwaysworeblack.

她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人，那口气竟好像她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事，她没有一回不穿孝。Hyperbole1.DefinitionHyperboleisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveasenseofhumorortoleavedeepimpressionbypresentingstrongfeelingoremotion.e.g.(1-5)Hiswordsmademybloodfreeze.Heisonthetopoftheworld.Heistickledtodeath.Wearedyingtoknowit.YouthinkI’mjoking,butIamdeadlyserious.2.Hyperboleisachievedbyusingexaggeratedsimilesormetaphors.eg:Hesmokedlikeachimney.Youaresittingonavolcano,whichmighteruptanymoment.

Understatement

Definition:Understatementistheoppositeofhyperbole.Itisachievedbyemphasizingafactbydeliberately(有意地)understatingit.e.g.(1-2)EventhoughIwasthepresidentoftheclass,Ididnotdomuchbesidesorganizingalltheeventsduringtheschoolyear,andhelpingoutfellowclassmates.

Iwaskindofsicktheotherday;itreallywasn'tthatbadbesidesthatIbrokemyarmandmyleg.

TransferredEpithetDefinition:Intransferredepithet,anadjectiveoradescriptivephraseisusedtomodifyanounwhichhastotallydifferentnaturefromthisadjectiveordescriptivephrase.e.g.Wintercoverstheearthin

forgetfulsnow.

Thedoctor'sfaceexpressedakindofdoubtingadmiration.医生旳脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑旳神情。Hewasoutsideinthecold.Hewasoutsideinthepitilesscold.Hansshrugged.Hansshruggedascornfulshoulder.Hisstoriesachievednothingbutmeaninglesslaughs.Hisstoriesachievesnothingbutcheaplaughs.Oxymoron

Definition:

Itistouseapparentlycontradictorytermstogethertoexpresscomplicatedideasormeaningfulphilosophies.e.g.(1-2)

sweetsorrow

忧喜参半(不是甜蜜旳悲哀)；

proudhumility

不卑不亢(不是骄傲旳谦卑)AlliterationDefinition