直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语；转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语置于引号之内；间接引语置于句中以宾语从句的形式出现。后接直接引语和间接引语的动词有：say,tell,ask,reply,think,remark……Mr.Blacksaid:“I’mbusy.”布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）概念时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时canmaymustshallwill间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时couldmighthadto;mustshouldwould指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如

直接引语指示代词thisthese时间状语nowtodaythismorningtonightagotomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaythreedaysagonextweek地点状语here方向性动词bringcome间接引语thatthosethenthatdaythatmorningthatnightbeforethenextdaythedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforethreedaysbeforethenextweektheretakego人称的变化

一主二宾三不变

即当引语的人称为第一人称的时候,就把他变为主句主语的人称;

当引语的人称为第二人称的时候,就把他变为主句宾语的人称;

Theysay,“Wewillgotherebybus.”Theysaythattheywillgotherebybus.Shesaystome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”SheaskedmeifIaminterestedinscience.当引语的人称为第三人称的时候不改变.Hismothersaystome,“Hecan’tgotoschool.”Hismothertellsmethathecan’tgotoschool.

如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。如：Hesaid:“

IwillgotoLondonbyair”→HesaidthathewouldgotoLondonbyair.Itoldhim,“I

don’tagreewithyou.”→ItoldhimthatIdidnotagreewithhim.

“Youwillcomeheretomorrow,”shesaidtome.→ShetoldmethatIwouldgototherethenextday.转换1.陈述句

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow,”saidhe.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.2.一般疑问句

如果直接引语是一般疑问句

，变为间接引语时，用if或weather连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“IsshefromAmerica?”hesaidtome.Hesaidtomeif/whethershewasfromAmerica.

大多数情况下，二者可互换，但后有ornot，或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般用whether。Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Wewerewonderingwhethertogotodayortomorrow.Hethoughtaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.3.特殊疑问句

如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用特殊疑问词连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“When

willyougotoChongqing?”he

saidto

me.He

asked

me

whenIwouldgotoChongqing.4.祈使句

直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语。原主句谓语动词say须改为ask,tell,order,等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成

ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.。例如：“Pleasesitdownandhavearest.”shesaidtous.→She

askedustositdownandhavearest.Theteachersaid:“Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.”→Theteachertoldustobecarefulwithourpronunciation.否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加not。例如：“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”shesaid.Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。a．主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变。如Hesays,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”→Hesaysthathehasfinishedhishomework.Shewillsay,“Iwilldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe’lldoittomorrow.“I’mfromAmericaandIlikepopmusic,”saysTom.TomsaysthatheisfromAmericaandhelikespopmusic.时态不变的几种情况：b.

有几种情况时，尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词的时态也无须改变。①直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时。如：Hesaid,“IjoinedthePartyin1938.”→HesaidthathejoinedthePartyin1938.②所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如：

Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.③有些情态动词，如must，need，oughtto等，无过去时，变间接引语时，可以不变。如：Hesaid,“Allmenmustdie.”→Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.例句：Hesaid:“IamfromAmerica.”→HesaidthathewasfromAmerica.Hesaid:“Iamdoingmyhomework.”→Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Shesaid:“Icanmanageitmyself.”→Shesaidthatshecouldmanageitherself.“IfinishedtheworkandI’mtired,”hesaid.→Hesaidthathehadfinishedtheworkandhewastired.Exercise:“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”shesaidtome.“Haveyouinvitedhertodinnertonight?”Tomsaidtome.“Howmuchmoneydidyoupayforthedriver?”Marysaidtohim.“Pleaseclosethedoor,”theteachersaidtothestudent.HetoldmethathewouldgotoAmericathenextyear.TomaskedmeifIhadinvitedhertodinnerthatnight.MaryaskedmehowmuchmoneyIhadpaidforthedriver.Theteacheraskedthestudenttoclosethedoor.5.“Whatareyoulookingfor?”Isaidtoher.Iaskedherwhatshewaslookingfor.6.“Pleasegoupstairstobringmeanumbrella,”hesaidtoJane.HeaskedJanetogoupstairstotakehimanumbrella.7.“Aren’tyoufromShanghai?“Isaidtoher.8.“Iwenttoseeadoctorlastnight,”hesaidtome.IaskedherwhetherornotshewasfromShanghai.Hetoldmethathehadgonetoseeadoctorthenightbefore.”Wearegoingtodoourhomeworkinyouroffice,”hesaidtome.10.“Howdoyoufindhislecture?”Hesaidtome.11.“ThisismyfirsttimethatIhaveco