新牛津高中英语M3U2Grammarandusage

Unit2Unit2NaturaldisastersToexploretherulesofto-infinitivesasattributivesandadverbialsofresultToapplytherulesTopracticetherulesHewantstogohome.Tomhopestovisithisteacher.Irememberedtolockthedoor,butforgottoturnoffthelights.Myfriendadvisedmetogiveupsmoking.Heallowedmetoleavealittleearlier.Togetupontime,heturnedonthealarmclock.Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavetheinjured.He

wants

togohome.Tom

hopes

tovisithisteacher.I

remembered

tolockthedoor,butforgot

toturnoffthelights.Myfriend

advised

me

togiveupsmoking.He

allowed

me

toleavealittleearlier.Togetup

ontime,he

turnedon

thealarmclock.Doctors

workedthroughthenighttosavetheinjured.主语谓语动词宾语宾语补足语目的状语1.Leadin动词不定式只能做宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语吗？Sheisalwaysthefirstperson

tocomeandthelastpersontoleave.Ihavethreeletters

topostthisafternoon.Heneedsomething

toeat.Heneedsapen

towritewith.Iwenttothebankonlytofinditwasclosed.Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.Iwasfortunateenoughtogettheticket.Janesangsowellastocomeoutfirstinthesingingcompetition.后置定语后置定语后置状语结果状语Annaisinterviewingherteacher,Mr.Li,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.Findthesentenceswithto-infinitivesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.A12.ExploringtherulesTo-infinitiveasattributivesTo-infinitiveasadverbialsofresultIwasstayinginAtlanta,andthatwasoneofthecitiestobehit.Thatmorning,IturnedontheTVforsomelocalnews,onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway.Theroadswereblocked,sotherewasnothingformetodobutstayinside.Ihadenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek!Whenthewindandrainstopped,Ilookedoutofthewindow,onlytoseehugetreeslyingacrossthestreetandwatereverywhere!动词不定式短语做定语动词不定式短语做结果状语runoutof,supply,donate等重要词语用法参考知识清单25-27.WorkingouttherulesWhentheto-infinitiveisusedasanattributive,itisoftenput______(before/after)thenounorpronounitmodifies.Whentheto-infinitiveisusedasanadverbialofresult,itcanrefertoan______________(expected/unexpected)result.Inthiscase,weoftenuseonlybeforetheto-infinitive.afterunexpectedA2v.修饰动词不定式做定语和结果状语需要注意什么？动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。具体如下：1.名词或代词为动词不定式的逻辑主语。如：Wendywasthefirststudent

toarriveatschool.2.名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语。如：Ihaveameeting

toattend.

如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加介词才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。如：Thisisagoodtopic

totalkabout.Ineedapen

towritewith.3.名词与不定式是同位语关系。如：Whohastheability

todothework?Sheexpressedawish

tomakeachange.Theydon’thavethechance

tocarryouttheirstrategyinthisregion.Theyaretryingtofindoutaway

tohelpthevillagesgetridofpoverty.常接不定式作定语的名词有：ability,ambition,chance,wish,attempt,decision,moment,need,plan,promise,reason,time,way,courage,opportunity等。4.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。如：Thehouse

tobebuilttherewillbealibrary.Hewasthefirstperson

tobeawardedsuchaprize.Shemadealistofthepeople

tobeinvited.5.当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级及thenext,theonly,thelast等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。Shewasthefirstwoman

towinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Sheistheonlyperson

tobeadmittedtothecommittee.

动词不定式作结果状语，常见于以下结构：动词不定式作结果状语1.在too…to…(太……而不能)结构中，表示反面结果，如：It’snevertoolatetolearn.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2.在…enoughto…(足够……以至于……)结构中。如：Iwasfortunateenough

togettheticket.Idon’tknowhimwellenough

toaskhimforhelp.Shewasnotstrongenough

totravel.3.在neverto…（再也不了）结构中。如：He

left

home,

never

to

return.Sheleft,never

tobeseenagain.4.在onlyto…结构中,不定式常表示没有预料到的结果。如：Ihurriedtothestation,only

tofindthetraingone.Irushedtothedestination,only

tofindhimnotthere.Hereturnedafterthewar,only

tobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.5.在so…asto…结构中。如：Janesangsowellas

tocomeoutfirstinthesingingcompetition.Thedogsaresofierceas

tofrightenawaythedeer.Whocouldbeso

mean(adj.刻薄的)astodoathinglikethat?6.在such+名词+asto…结构中。如：Wearenotsuchfoolsas

tobelievehim.Shewon’tbesuch

acarelessperson

as

toforgettolockthedoor.Matchthefirsthalfofthesentencesbelowwiththecorrectto-infinitives.Writethelettersintheblanks.Thentrytounderstandthefunctionsoftheto-infinitives.B13.Applyingtherules1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeople 3.Theyarrivedattheairport4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded5.Thiswasthelastcityatobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.btoberepaired.ctostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.donlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.etolearnsomesafetytips.e

c

d

ba

1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshoptolearnsomesafetytips.2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.

3.Theyarrivedattheairportonlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneededtoberepaired.5.Thiswasthelastcitytobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.adverbial

目的状语objectcomplement宾语补足语adverbial

结果状语object宾语attributive定语tofindbooksabouthurricanesBelowisAnna’sto-dolistfromyesterdayafternoon.Completethediaryentrybelowusingto-infinitives.B2Thisafternoon,Iwenttotheschoollibrary______________________________.At3p.m.,IarrivedatMrLi’soffice,only__________________________.Justthen,IsawanotefromMr.Liontheofficedoorsayinghewasinthemeetingroom.tofindhewasnotin/outIwentthereandwetalkedabouthisexperiencesduringastronghurricane.MrLidescribedthehurricaneingreatdetail.Healsomentionedacharityeventtoraisefundsforthedisasterarea.Ourinterviewendedat3:50p.m.becauseMrLihadastaffmeeting___________________at4p.m.NextIwentthroughmynotesofMr.Li’sexperiencesat5p.m.Iwenttotheschoolcomputerroom_____________________________.toattendtomakePPTslidesformyprojectstaffn.(全体员工)，可接单数或复数谓语动词。amemberofstaff/astaffmember一名员工astaffof10/5010/50名员工JimistalkingtohisfriendJulieabouthisexperienceaftertheearthquake.Inpairs,completetheconversationbelowusingto-infinitives.B3Julie:Iheardtheearthquakeinyourcitywasterrible.Didyoumovetoasafeplace?Jim:Yes.Myneighborhood_____________________________.Peoplefromotherneighborhoodsfollowedlater.wasactuallythefirsttoleaveJulie:Isittruethattheemergencyservicesprovidedeveryonewithsleepingbags?Jim:Yes.Theydidthis___________________________________.Julie:Didyoumisshome?tomakesureeveryonehadaplacetosleepJim:Yes,Idid.I__________________________________,butIhadtowaitthreeweeksbeforeitwassafetogoback.hadnothingtodobutmisshomeJulie:Whatdidyourhomelooklikewhenyoureturned?Jim:Icamehome___________________________________.Nothingwasleftinonepiece.onlytofindthateverythinghadchangedJulie:I’msorrytohearthat.Didtheauthoritiesgiveyouanyadvice?Jim:Yes.They__________________________________.encouragedustorebuildourhomesPracticemakesperfect1.判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分

1.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshoptolearnsomesafetytips.2.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinsidewhenthetyphoonarrived.3.Theyarrivedattheairportonlytofindtheflighthadbeencancelledduetothesnowstorm.4.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneededtoberepaired.5.Thiswasthelastcitytobeclearedofpeoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.目的状语宾语补足语结果状语宾语定语

2.用所给单词的正确形式填空Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.(2020全国卷I)…itmeanswehavethechance___________(obtain)informationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.(2020全国卷I)Lambandmotherreunited,Iturnedbacktothetractoronly_________(see)itmovesuddenlyawayfromme.(2020浙江)tolandtoobtaintosee

4.Thechildrenallturned_________(look)atthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.5.Passengersarepermitted_________(carry)onepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.6.Theremaybeanopportunityforyou________(see)thepremier.tolooktocarrytosee7.Thekidshadbeenpracticinghardfortheparty,only__________(tell)itwascanceled.8.Thenewbuilding_______________(complete)nextyearwillbeacitymuseum.tobetoldtobecompleted3.根据汉语意思提示完成下列句子

升级练习

1.不要逃避问题，要想成功，你得学会应对难题。Don'tavoidtheproblem._________,youhavetorisetothedifficulties.2.我匆忙赶到家，结果发现所有的家具都被洪水冲走了。Ihurriedhome,_______________________hadbeenwashedawaybytheflood.3.这箱子太沉了，我挪都挪不动。Thisboxistooheavy___________________.Tosucceedonlytofindallmyfurnitureformetomoveit4.按要求改写下列句子

升级练习

1.Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge.Inthisway,wecanmakefullpreparationsfordisasters.(用不定式作状语)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wecannotstopnaturaldisastersbutwecanarmourselveswithknowledge

(soas)tomakefullpreparationsfordisasters.2.Thekidswereverycalm.Theycanprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.(用不定式作状语)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thekidswerecalmenoughtoprotectthemselvesduringtheearthquake.

3.Followthepropersafetyproceduressothatyoucanprotectyourselffromatyphoon.(用不定式作状语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Youshouldprepareatleastthreedaysoffoodanddrinkingwater.(用不定式作定语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Toprotectyourselffromatyphoon,followthepropersafetyprocedures.Youshouldpreparefoodanddrinkingwatertolastatleastthreedays.动词不定式用作宾语、宾语补足语及状语的补充(复习初中所学)主动式被动式一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone动词不定式的结构

4.Ittookyearsofwork___________(reduce)theindustrialpollution.5.Thekidshadbeenpracticinghardfortheparty,only__________(tell)itwascancelled.6.Thenewbuilding_______________(complete)nextyearwillbeacitymuseum.toreducetobetoldtobecompleted1.作宾语决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,wouldlike/love,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,prefer,pretendoffer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help(2)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.

我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。2.作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remin