经典光学著作optical design交大工程系光電所

CourseCourseversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-1afocalopticalheads-updis2SymmetryprinciplePowersplittingrelaylensachromatic3Thinlenscatadioptricopticalwedge4F/#andLenssplittingSCPprogrammingperoscopecylinderanamophric 5PetzvalSmallF/#,largespacingLowdistortioninfraredillumination6doubleGaussSymmetryprincipleLowultravioletlensesforaerial7F-thetascan8lensesfor9verywide-anglelensesenlargingcompensatedzoomprojectionOpticallycompensatedzoomlensesecentricopticalcopyin-waterlaserfocusingVariablefocallengthLectureLectureversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-HistoricalRevisittheBasicBasicDesignDesignskills ysisUSanditsHistoricalHistoricalversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Inadditiontoaberration,smallerf/#isalwaysacrucialRevisittheRevisittheversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-BasicHowfarcouldwegowithsphericalSmallestHighlensWellcorrectedoveralargeWitha ylargefieldofDoubleGaussDoubleGaussversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-DerivedfromaescopeobjectiveoriginallydesignedbyK.F.GaussOneofthebasicformsofan-astigmaticphotographiclensconsistedofanearlysymmetricarrangementofelementsaboutacentralstopSurroundingthisstoparetwoachromaticswithflintelementfacingthestopsuchthatitssurfaceisconcavetowardthestopTypicalf/2.8orFOVatleast30Backfocallength~0,5-0.9SidenoteSidenoteofhistoricalversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Intheearly1800s,Gaussdescribeda objectivecomprisingapairofmeniscuslenseswithonehavingpositivepowerandtheothernegativepower.But,thislensfoundlittleacceptance;until1888AlvanClarkofMassachusettscedapairoftheGausslensesaroundacentralstoptocreateahigh-aperture,wide-field-of-viewlens.ThislensformisknownastheDouble-GaussItturnsouttobethebasisofalmosteveryhigh-aperturelensdevelopedtodate.AnexampleofthislenswaspatentedbyRichterin1933andcancoverafieldofviewof+-45degreesatF/6.BasicBasicversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-ManyDouble-Gausslensesaresymmetrical;however,itwasdiscoveredthatifthelenswasmadeunsymmetrical,thenanimprovementinperformancecouldberealized.ThislensformisoftencalledtheYoucanseemoreonthisfromSmith’sThistypeoflensincludesalmostimaginablecompoundingInsertedCompletedoublingorduplicationofallDesignDesignversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-StopislocatedonthecentralPositiveCementednegativeGlassIfsymmetrical,thenglassesarethesame(ornearlythesame)Ifasymmetrical,thenitdependsonUsuallyhigh-index(i.e.morepower)tohaveshortfocallength

OnsymmetryOnsymmetryversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Intheearly1840s,itwasrecognizedthatlensesthatexhibitsymmetryaffordvariousbenefitstothelensdesigner.Thefirstaberrationacknowledgedtobecorrectedbythesymmetryprinciplewasdistortion.Itcanalsobeshownthatcomaandla lcolorarenecessarilycorrectedbyasymmetricallensconstruction.Althoughtheprincipleofsymmetryimpliesthatthelensbeoperatedatamagnificationof-1,thedegreetowhichtheaberrationsareupsetbyutilizingthelensatotherconjugatesisremarkablysmall.Thisprincipleformsthebasisofmostwide-field-of-viewlensesExampleExampleversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-version1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Example ExampleApertureAperturefromfromLaikin’sExampleExampleversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-ExampleExampleversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Unit:NotethattheprescriptionlistedinLaikin’sbookshouldbemodified.NotethattheprescriptionlistedinLaikin’sbookshouldbemodified.Furthermore,thislensisstilldifferentfromthatofKitahara(USpatent USUSversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-KeyKeyversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-CaseCaseversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-450-550nmAperture450-550nmAperturestopisnotspecifiedSizesarenotspecified neisnotCoverglassforversion1.0(2004)交大光電 OpticalDesign--Lecture6of TypicalTypicalversion1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-PAGE1PAGE1version1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Takekitahara’spatentasanYouristrytousetheprescriptionofcase1asaninitialtrialHowgoodyourdesigncouldbe,afteryourAsapracticeofcclprogramming,makeyourownoptimizationwithacclcodeNext,Assumethatyouarerequestedtoenlargethebackfocallength,showhowtomodifyyourdesign.YouwillneedtospecifyonebflforBeawareofthattheoriginalimagesizehastobekeptforoptimizeduseofCCDsensorAssumethatyouarerequestedtoshortenthebackfocallength,showhowtomakeit.Again,youwillneedtospecifyonebflforPAGE2PAGE2version1.0version1.02004)交大光電陳OpticalDesign--Lecture6of6-Kitahara’sdesignisalenssetwith9elements(notincludedthecoverglassofCCDsensor)inwhichallelementsarespherical.DevelopyourdesignwithasphericalsurfacesandtrytoexplorethefollowingissueHowmanylenscanberemoved,whilesimilarperformanceoforiginaldesigniskept?–FullFOV:40Wavelength450-