中考英语教材基础练第二部分人与社会话题13历史与社会课件

第二部分人与社会中考英语•教材基础练话题13历史与社会第74练微语境词汇运用一、词汇运用

A)根据汉语或首字母提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确、语言通顺。1.[2022上海青浦区一模]Harvardisoneoftheoldestandmostfamousuniversitiesinthe

(世界).

2.[2022上海嘉定区一模]Ittookthea

ChinesepeopleseveralhundredyearstofinishbuildingtheGreatWall.

答案1.world句意:哈佛大学是世界上最古老、最著名的大学之一。根据汉语提示可知此处指在世界上"intheworld",故填world。2.ancient句意:古代中国人花了几百年建成长城。根据首字母提示可知此处指古代中国人,故填ancient。3.[2022南通一模]EverytimeweChineseneedhelpinaf

country,atourbackstandsastrongmotherland.

4.[2022安徽中考]Maythewholeworldbefullof

(和平),love,andhappiness.

答案3.foreign句意:每当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候,在我们的背后站着一个强大的祖国。根据"ourback"和"astrongmotherland"以及首字母提示可知,此处指中国人在国外,故填foreign。4.peace句意:愿整个世界充满和平、爱与幸福。根据句意和汉语提示可知应填peace。5.Our

(政府)islookingforsomeways,includingthree-childpolicytodealwiththeproblemoftheageingpopulation(人口老龄化).

6.[2022晋中榆次区一模]—Chineseismoreandmorepopular.—Soitis!It’sbecominganecessaryskillinthe

(国际的)community.

答案5.government句意:我们的政府正在寻找包括三孩政策在内的一些方法来解决人口老龄化问题。6.international句意:——中文越来越流行。——的确如此!它正在成为国际社会的一项必要技能。根据语境和汉语提示可知,此处是说在国际社会中必要的技能,故填international。

B)用所给单词的适当形式填空。7.[2022安庆一模]The

(western)oftenuseaknifeandforktoeat.

8.[2022青岛莱西一模]Manylanguagesintheworld

(speak)bysmallgroupsofpeople.

9.[2022上海青浦区一模]YuanLongping’sstoryprovesthatnothingis

(possible)ifyouputyoureffortintoit.

答案7.westerners句意:西方人经常用刀叉吃饭。根据语境和句子结构可知,设空处应是名词。又根据设空后的use可知,设空处应用复数形式。故填westerners。8.arespoken

"Manylanguagesintheworld"是谓语speak的承受者,故应用被动语态;又根据语境及"Manylanguages"可知此处应填arespoken。9.impossible句意:袁隆平的故事证明了只要你努力,没有什么是不可能的。is后接形容词作表语,结合句意可知,此处是说没什么是不可能的,故填impossible。10.[2022上海青浦区一模]A

(tradition)Chineseidiomsaysthatonlywhentherootisfirm,thebranchesflourish.

11.[2022苏州一模]Although

(America)peopleand

(Britain)peoplespeakthesamelanguage,theirculturesarequitedifferent.

答案10.traditional句意:中国有个成语叫"根深叶茂"。tradition"传统"是名词,此处应该用形容词作定语,tradition的形容词为traditional"传统的"。故填traditional。11.American;British句意:虽然美国人和英国人说同一种语言,但他们的文化却大不相同。根据句子结构可知,此处变名词America为形容词American;变名词Britain为形容词British。12.[2022南京鼓楼区一模]TheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGamesgavetheathletesachancetosetaside

。

(culture)differencesandworktogetherforasharedfuture.

13.NowChinaisoneofthefew

(nation)thatcanproduceCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)onalargescale(规模).

答案12.cultural句意:北京2022年冬奥会为运动员们提供了一个抛开文化差异、为共享未来而共同努力的机会。根据语境可知此处指抛开文化差异,setaside表示"抛开"。故填cultural。13.nations句意:现在,中国是少数几个能够大规模生产新冠病毒疫苗的国家之一。根据"oneof..."可知,此处用名词复数。故填nations。二、微语篇填空A

[2022广州番禺区一模]Alongtimeago,therewasagirlnamedHuaMulaninancientChina.Whenshewasyoung,the14.

wantedtocapturehercountry.Herfatherwastoooldtogointothebattle,soshedresseduplikeamanandjoinedthearmyinsteadofherfather.Luckily,noone15.

shewasagirlinthearmy.Thetruthbecamea16.

secretthatonlysheknew.Shefoughtverybravelyandherarmysucceededin17.

againsttheenemiesinthebattle.Atlast,shereturnedtoherhometownandpeoplefinallyknewthetruth—HuaMulanwasagirl.Shebecameaheroinpeople’sheart.Inancienttimes,peoplecreatedmanypoems18.

her.Nowadays,themovieMulanisdirectedtorememberher.

guard

enemy

notice

private

inmemoryof答案【短文大意】本文主要讲述了花木兰替父参军的故事。14.enemy根据"Herfatherwastoooldtogointothebattle"可知此处是说,敌国想要占领她的国家,故填enemy。15.noticed句意:幸运的是,在军队里,没有人注意到她是个女孩。此空缺少动词作谓语,根据"noone...shewasagirl"可知此处是说,没人注意到她是个女孩;又根据全文时态可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填noticed。16.private句意:真相变成了只有她知道的私人秘密。此空缺少形容词修饰名词secret,根据"secretthatonlysheknew"可知应填private。17.guarding句意:她非常勇敢地战斗,她的军队在战斗中成功地抵御了敌人。根据"againsttheenemies"可知,此处指抵御敌人,guardagainst"抵御";又根据succeedindoingsth."成功做某事"可知应填guarding。18.inmemoryof句意:古时候,人们创作许多诗来纪念她。根据句意及下文中的remember可知此处应填inmemoryof。B

[2022广州西关外国语学校一模]Chinaisoneofthefewcountriestohavenuclearenergyinspacetechnology.ScientistQianXuesenwhoisknown19.

playedanimportantroleinit.

Qianwent20.

aftergraduationtostudyrocketryintheUS.ThoughhewashighlypaidintheUS,QianwasstillworriedaboutChina’sdevelopment.Therefore,hemadea21.

toreturntohishomelandinthe1950s.Aftera22.

ofexperiments,China23.

launcheditsfirstatomicbombin1964.

Qianwasconsideredas"fatherofspacetechnology"forhisgreatachievements.However,heremainedmodest."QianXuesenplacednationalinterestaheadof24.

gain.Heshouldberememberedforhisdeeploveofhiscountry,"saidZhangYiwu,aprofessoratPekingUniversity.

abroad

decide

series

personsuccessful

allovertheworld答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了钱学森的经历及其对国家的贡献。19.allovertheworld句意:世界著名科学家钱学森在这方面起到了重要的作用。knownallovertheworld意为"世界著名的,举世闻名的",故填allovertheworld。20.abroad句意:毕业后,钱学森出国去美国学习火箭技术。根据"studyrocketryintheUS"可知他出国了,goabroad"出国"。故填abroad。21.decision句意:因此,他决定在20世纪50年代回到他的祖国。根据"toreturntohishomelandinthe1950s"可知他作出回到自己祖国的决定,makeadecision"作出决定"。故填decision。22.series句意:经过一系列试验,中国于1964年成功地发射了第一颗原子弹。根据"Aftera...ofexperiments"可推知此处指是一系列的试验,aseriesof"一系列"。故填series。23.successfully句意:经过一系列试验,中国于1964年成功地发射了第一颗原子弹。根据"launcheditsfirstatomicbombin1964"可推知此处指成功发射第一颗原子弹,故填successfully。24.personal句意:钱学森把国家利益置于个人利益之上。结合语境可知,此处指个人利益,personal"个人的",形容词作定语。故填personal。第75练教材句型迁移一、教材句型仿写1.[人教九全Unit8,SectionA3a,P59]Nothingmucheverhappenedaroundhere.

仿写:看来不会发生什么有趣的事。

2.[人教九全Unit8,SectionA3a,P59改编]Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.

仿写:在你的人生中一定有一些你想要铭记的事情。

答案1.Nothingmuchinterestingseemedtohappen.2.Theremustbesomethingyouwanttorememberinyourlife.3.[人教九全Unit8,SectionB2b,P62]Stonehenge,arockcircle,isnotonlyoneofBritain’smostfamoushistoricalplacesbutalsooneofitsgreatestmysteries.

仿写:家长们不仅应该教孩子们知识,还应该教他们辨别是非(discriminationbetweenrightandwrong)。

4.[人教九全Unit8,SectionB2b,P62]Stonehengewasbuiltsomanycenturiesago.

仿写:孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

答案3.Parentsshouldteachchildrennotonlyknowledgebutalsodiscriminationbetweenrightandwrong.4.Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.5.[人教九全Unit8,SectionB2b,P62改编]Oneofthegreatestmysteriesishowitwasbuilt.

仿写:这是今年出现的最好的小说之一。

6.[冀教九全Unit8,Lesson46,P120]Canadaishometomanycultures.

仿写:这些岛是多种鸟儿的栖息地。

答案5.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.6.Theislandsarehometomanyspeciesofbirds.7.[冀教九全Unit8,Lesson45,P118]InbothChinaandNorthAmerica,itispolitetoofferanelderlypersonaseatonthebus.

仿写:吃饭时让客人或者年纪大的人先品尝每一道菜总是礼貌的。

答案7.Itisalwayspolitetoletguestsorelderpeopleattabletasteeverydishfirst.二、高级句型转换8.Youmustbecarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.(用can’t...enough进行转换)高级句型:

。9.MostpeopleprobablythinkEinsteinisthemostintelligentpersonwhoeverlived.(用regard...as...进行转换)高级句型:

。答案8.Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhenyoucrosstheroad.9.MostpeopleprobablyregardEinsteinasthemostintelligentpersonwhoeverlived.三、补全对话根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项。A:Hi,LinTao.Haveyoueverheardofa65-year-oldwomannamedZhangGuimei?B:Notyet.10.

A:SheistheheadmasterofHuapingSeniorHighSchoolforGirlsinLijiangCity,YunnanProvince.B:Really?Whendidshesetuptheschool?A:In2008.11.

B:Oh,Isee.Wheredothegirlstudentsintheschoolcomefrom?A:Theyareallfrompoorfamilies.B:12.

A:No.Notonlydoestheschoolofferthemfreeeducation,butitalsooffersthemsomenecessarydailyitems.B:13.

Howmanygirlshavegonetouniversitiesorcolleges?

A:14.

B:Great!IthinktheywillneverforgettheirheadmasterMs.Zhang.答案10—14

BGFDAA.Morethan1,800.B.Whatdoesshedo?C.Whathappenedtoher?D.Wow,howluckytheyare!E.Dotheygotoschooleveryday?F.Dotheyneedtopayfortheeducation?G.Sheusedtoworkasateacherbeforethat.第76练重点语法复习一、单项选择1.—Listen!Ithinkit

beMrs.Lisinginginthenextroom.

—It

beher.IknowshehasalreadyleftforNewYork.

A.may;must B.must;can’tC.must;mustn’t D.can’t;must答案1.B

——听!我想一定是Mrs.Li在隔壁唱歌。——不可能是她。我知道她已经去纽约了。根据题干中的"Ithink"可知第一空处推测在隔壁唱歌的是Mrs.Li,用must或者may均可;根据题干中的"IknowshehasalreadyleftforNewYork"可知Mrs.Li已经去了纽约,故第二空处是说她不可能在隔壁唱歌,否定推测用can’t,故选B。2.[2021沈阳铁西区二模]—CanItellmybestfriendaboutit?—No,Idon’twantanyoneelsetoknowit.You

keepittoyourself.

A.may B.needC.can D.must3.[2022天津红桥区二模]—Sophie,

Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.A.must B.needC.should D.can答案2.D根据题干中的"No,Idon’twantanyoneelsetoknowit"可知,设空处是说,你必须要保密。故选D。3.D根据题干中的"Ofcourseyoucan"以及语境可知,设空处表示请求,故选D。4.[2022天津和平区三模改编]—Excuseme,mustIreturnthisbooknextweek?—No,you

.Youcanreturnitbytheendofthisterm.

A.needn’t B.can’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t5.[2022盐城景山中学三模]—You

becarefulwhenastrangerasksaboutyourpersonalinformation.

—Iwill.Thanksalot.A.might B.mayC.can D.must答案4.A根据题干中的must以及No可知,设空处是说,你不需要。故选A。5.D根据题干中的"becarefulwhenastrangerasksaboutyourpersonalinformation"可知此处是说,陌生人询问你的个人信息时你必须要小心。二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空6.[2022沈阳皇姑区二模改编]Whenyouvisitaforeigncountry,itisimportant

(know)howtoaskforhelppolitely.

7.—Mary,I’vegotachancetogetasetofLuXun’sbooksforfree.—Luckyyou!Ihaveexpected

(read)hisbooksforlong.

8.[2022武汉江汉区二模改编]—Ithinkwearesupposed

(show)ourhealthcodefirstbeforeentering.

—Iagree.That’sveryimportantnow.答案6.toknow

7.toread

8.toshow三、根据语境,从下面方框中选择合适的连词填空9.[2022怀化中考改编]Iwanttobuysomethingspecialformygrandmother,

herbirthdayiscoming.

10.[2022营口二模改编]—Iwilltrymybestinthedrivingtest

Imayfail.

—Wonderful!Iwillsupportyouallthetime.答案9.because

10.though

though

because

sothat

if

unless11.[2022重庆八中二模]Learningtowriteislearningtothink.Youdon’tknowthingsclearly

youwritethemdown.

12.Teenagersshouldlearnasmuchaspossible

theycangetreadyforthefuture.

13.[2022广西北部湾经济区二模改编]Youneedtopracticewritingeveryday

youwanttobecomeawriter.

答案11.unless

12.sothat

13.if四、根据所给要求完成句子14.Iwasexpectedtoarriveat7:00.(对画线部分提问)

you

toarrive?

15.You’resupposedtoshakehandswhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime.(对画线部分提问)

areyou

todowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?

答案14.Whenwere;expected

15.What;supposed第77练话题语篇拓展Passage1话题:缩小城乡教育差距建议用时:8分钟

[2022广州白云区一模]Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthastrieditsbesttonarrowtheeducationalgapbetweenruralandurbanareas(缩小城乡教育差距).Thecountryhasmade

1

toimproveeducationinpoorareas.WiththehelpoftheProjectHope,moreandmorenewschoolshavebeenbuiltinthepoorareas;morecollegegraduateshavebeensentthereto

2

;andmoremoneyhasbeen

3

helpingstudentsfrompoorfamilies.Let’stakealookatwhatthegovernmenthasdone.

Bringingbetterteachingresources(资源)

Thereisa

4

EnglishclassinaruralmiddleschoolinSichuan.Throughanonlinevideochat,BillfromEnglandisteachingstudentsEnglish.The

5

ofthelocalgovernmentistobringbetterEnglisheducationresourcestokids.

ThegovernmentofJinzhongCity,ShanxiProvincehasintroduced"ClassroomintheAir"videocoursestoitsschoolssothatruralstudentscan

6

educationresourceswithurbanstudents.Withricheducationresourcesathand,studentswillhave

7

chancestolearnfromdifferentteachers.

Financial(财政的)helpStudentsfrompoorfamiliescanapplyforstudentloanswithnointerest(申请无息助学贷款)whenthey

8

collegesoruniversities.Alsotheycanapplyforstudentaidthatmakesgoingtoschool

9

free.Collegesoruniversitiesalsoprovidescholarships(奖学金)forgoodstudents.LiDongisastudentfromapoorcountyinGuizhou.Withthehelpofthelocalgovernment,hewonascholarship

10

heattendedhisdreamcollege."I’llstudyhardandgivebacktothesociety,"LiDongsaidbeforeleavinghishometownforcollege.

1.A.pains B.effortsC.actions D.guesses2.A.join B.studyC.visit D.teach3.A.spent B.tookC.cost D.used4.A.common B.specialC.powerful D.boring5.A.goal B.scoreC.brand D.pride6.A.prefer B.reflectC.share D.exchange7.A.asetof B.plentyofC.apieceof D.apairof8.A.value B.honorC.enter D.receive9.A.seriously B.suddenlyC.hardly D.nearly10.A.but B.and C.or D.so答案【短文大意】本文主要讲述了中国政府为缩小城乡教育差距所做出的努力。1.B

pain痛苦;effort努力;action行动;guess猜想。根据"theChinesegovernmenthastrieditsbest..."可知此处是说国家努力改善贫困地区的教育。故选B。2.D句意:更多的大学毕业生被派往那里任教。join加入;study学习;visit参观;teach教。根据"morecollegegraduateshavebeensentthere..."可知为了改善教育,应该是派更多的大学毕业生去贫困地区教书。故选D。3.A句意:更多的钱被用于帮助贫困家庭的学生。spend"花费",主语是人,常用结构:sb.spendtime/moneyonsth./(in)doingsth.;take"花费",常用结构:Ittakessb.timetodosth.;cost"花费",主语是物;use使用。根据"moremoney"以及"helpingstudents"可知此处是"sb.spendmoneydoingsth."的被动形式。故选A。4.B

common普通的;special特殊的;powerful有力的;boring无聊的。根据"Throughanonlinevideochat,BillfromEnglandisteachingstudentsEnglish"可知他们是通过在线视频聊天学英语,和平时的英语课堂相比是很特别的。故选B。5.A句意:当地政府的目标是为孩子们带来更好的英语教育资源。goal目标;score得分;brand品牌;pride骄傲。根据"tobringbetterEnglisheducationresourcestokids"可知这是政府这样做的目的,故选A。6.C

prefer更喜欢;reflect反映;share分享;exchange交换。根据"ruralstudentscan

6

educationresourceswithurbanstudents"可知"空中课堂"可以让农村学生和城市学生共享教育资源。故选C。

7.B

asetof一副;plentyof大量;apieceof一块,一片;apairof一双。根据"Withricheducationresourcesathand"可知此处是说,拥有丰富的教育资源在手边,学生将有大量机会向不同的老师学习。故选B。8.C句意:贫困家庭学生进入高等院校时可申请无息助学贷款。value重视;honor尊敬;enter进入;receive收到。根据"collegesoruniversities"以及常识可知是进入大学时有无息贷款。故选C。9.D句意:他们还可以申请助学金,使上学几乎免费。seriously严肃地;suddenly突然;hardly几乎不;nearly几乎。由上文可知,上大学可以申请无息助学贷款,也有助学金,这样上学几乎是免费的。故选D。10.B句意:他获得了奖学金并去了理想的大学。根据句意可知选B。Passage2话题:丝绸之路建议用时:8分钟

[2022济南历下区一模]TheSilkRoadwasactuallyanetworkoftraderoutes(线路)betweenChinaandEurope.TraderscarryingChinesesilkandothergoodsfollowedroutesthatcrossedEasternEurope,theMiddleEast,CentralAsia,andtheFarEast.Manytraderstraveledoncamelsingroupscalledcaravans.Inacaravan,fiftyormorecamelsmighttravelinaline.

TravelingtheSilkRoadcouldbeunbearable.Warringsoldiers,bandits(土匪),andterriblybadweathersuchassandstormstroubledthecaravans.Caravansarieseasedthewayfortiredtradesmen.Thesewerehugeguesthousesthatwelcomedtravelingtraders.CaravansariesareontheSilkRoadfromTürkiyetoChina.Atacaravansary,tradersweresafefromharm.There,theycouldenjoytastymeals,rest,andreadythemselvesfortheonwardjourney.

Thecaravansarywasprotectedwithhigh,strongwalls.Theonedoorwastallandwideenoughforaloadedpackanimaltoenter.Alongtheinsideofthewallswereguestroomsfortraders,theirservantsandtheirgoods.Someguesthousesprovidedstables(马厩)foranimals.Othershadopencentralcourtyardswherepackanimalslikehorses,camels,andelephantsdrankfromstonewatertroughs.Caravansarieswereplacedwithinaday’sjourneyofeachother.Thisallowedtraders(withtheirprecioussilkandothertradegoods)toavoidspendingnightsundertheSilkRoad’sbadconditions.Inmanyplaces,therewasusuallyacaravansaryevery20to25miles(about32to40kilometers).

Thecaravansaryprovidedmorethanaplacetorest.There,traderscouldexchangegoodsandpackanimals,buylocalproducts,andsocializewithothertradetravelers.Thus,caravansariesprovidedplacesforpeopleofdiverseculturestoshareknowledgeaboutarts,crafts,literature,science,andtechnologies.Overhundredsofyears,tradealongtheSilkRoadallowedculturesandlanguagestoinfluenceoneanother.11.Accordingtothepassage,

wasnotontheSilkRoad.

A.EasternEurope B.CentralAsiaC.TheFarEast D.WesternEurope12.TradersontheSilkRoadmaynotmeet

accordingtothepassage.

A.warringsoldiers B.sandstormsC.caravansaries D.rainstorms13.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.Thesizeofacaravansaries.B.Thelocationofcaravansaries.C.Theenvironmentofcaravansaries.D.Thechangesofcaravansaries.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutcaravansariesaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereweresmallhousesfortraderstohaveashortrest.B.Theanimalswerenotallowedtoenterthecaravansaries.C.Therewerehighandstrongwallsprotectingtheanimals.D.Caravansarieswereimportantplacesforculturalexchange.15.Whatisthewriter’spurposetowritethispassage?A.TodescribethebadconditionsontheSilkRoad.B.TotellwhatproductsweretradedontheSilkRoad.C.TointroducethecaravansariesontheSilkRoad.D.Toshowusthehistoryofthecaravansaries.答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国古代丝绸之路上商队客店的重要性、商队客店的布置以及商队客店对文化和语言的影响。11.D细节理解题。根据"TraderscarryingChinesesilkandothergoodsfollowedroutesthatcrossedEasternEurope,theMiddleEast,CentralAsia,andtheFarEast"可知,丝绸之路穿过东欧、中东、中亚和远东,根据文中信息可知不经过西欧,故选D。12.D细节理解题。根据"Warringsoldiers,bandits(土匪),andterriblybadweathersuchassandstormstroubledthecaravans"及"Caravansarieseasedthewayfortiredtradesmen"可知选D。13.B段落大意题。通读第四段,尤其是"Inmanyplaces,therewasusuallyacaravansaryevery20to25miles(about32to40kilometers)"可知,第四段主要介绍商队客店的位置,故选B。14.D细节理解题。根据"caravansariesprovidedplacesforpeopleofdiverseculturestoshareknowledgeaboutarts,crafts,literature,science,andtechnologies"可知,商队客店是文化交流的重要场所,故选D。15.C推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国古代丝绸之路上商队客店的重要性、布置以及其对文化交流的影响,故选C。第78练话题书面表达SectionA

[2022泰州泰兴一模改编]新时代的青少年应有梦想、有行动,立志成为对社会有用之人。你校英文校刊开展了主题为"BeastrongChineseteenager"的征稿活动。假如你是李华,请根据以下提示,展开合理想象,写一篇英文短文投稿。

注意:1.语意连贯,层次清楚,书写规范;2.表达中请勿提及真实的姓名与校名;3.词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。BeastrongChineseteenager

Withthefastdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld.Astrongcountryneedsstrongteenagers,soit’sourdutytoimproveourselves.

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好词好句集锦好词:ingoodhealth;besupposedto;takeaninterestin;developgoodstudyhabits;insteadof好句:lastbutnotleast;It’smeaningfulforusto...;Ifwefollowthese,wewillbe...高分范文填空阅读范文,选择前面的好词好句并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。BeastrongChineseteenager

Withthefastdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld.Astrongcountryneedsstrongteenagers,soit’sourdutytoimproveo