汉译英理论与实践教程16

汉译英理论与实践教程

程永生著练习参考答案说明此次更新，为全部?汉译英理论与实践练习及参考答案?制作了课件，但考虑到网络空间，此处仅提供样品。目录第一章汉语词语英译

第二章

现代汉语句子英译第三章

现代汉语段落英译第四章汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译

第一章

汉语词语英译第一节汉语词语与词语翻译机制第二节汉语成语与熟语英译第三节汉语人名地名英译第四节

汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译第五节汉语中带数字的词语英译第六节汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译第七节

现代汉语时新词语英译

第一章

汉语词语英译

第一节汉语词语与词语翻译机制第二节汉语成语与熟语英译第三节汉语人名地名英译第四节

汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译第五节汉语中带数字的词语英译第六节汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译第七节现代汉语时新词语英译第一节

汉语词语与词语

翻译机制AnswerstoQuestions1—5AnswertoQuestion1TheChineselexicalitemsmainlyconsistofwordsandphrases,includingidioms,setphrases,proverbs,allegoricalsayingsandsoon.Chineselexicalitemscanbedividedintermsofpartsofspeech,functionandsoon.Intermsofpartsofspeech,Chineselexicalitems,especiallywords,canbedividedintonouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,interjections,etc.Intermsoffunction,Chineselexicalitemscanfallintoordinarywords,properwords,technicalterms,andsoon,aswellassayings,includingidioms,setphrases,proverbs,allegoricalsayings,etc.AnswertoQuestion2ActuallyanyunitofaChinesetextcanserveasthebearerofChinesecultureandconstitutespartoftheChineseculture,butChineselexicalitems,inasense,embodytheChineseculturemoretypicallythanothers,atleastseeminglymoretypically.Forexample,foryears,wehaveintroducedEnglishsentencepatternsintotheChineselanguagesothatwhenwesay“如果你不来，我们就不给你留位子了〞，wecannotsayforsurethatitisatypicalChinesesentencefreefromanyEnglishinfluence,AnswertoQuestion2(continued)fortheEnglishtranslationwouldbe,tosomeextent,structurallyaChineseequivalent:Ifyoudonotcome,wewillnotkeeptheseatforyou.Suchsententialsimilaritiescanbeeasilylocatedinbothlanguages.However,whenitcomestoaChinesepersonalname,aChineseplacename,anameforaChineseutensil,anameforaChinesearchitecture,aChineseidiom,aChinesesetphrase,aChineseproverb,

AnswertoQuestion2(continued)aChineseallegoricalsayingandsoon,suchsimilaritiescanhardlyreadilybefound,andalltheseitemscannotbefullyunderstoodwithoutreferringtotheChineseculture.Forexample,whenwesay四合院，itwillconjuresupapicturedifferentfromanEnglishflat.Intermsofvalue,indeSaussre〞ssense,theChinese叔叔isnotworthasmuchastheEnglishuncle.AnswertoQuestion3FortranslationoflexicalitemsfromChineseintoEnglish,therearesuchmechanismsassoundtranslation,meaningtranslation,sound-meaningtranslationandsoon.Occasionally,peopleaddnotestothetranslationofChineselexicalitemsorstretchthetranslationtoaprolongedlengthtoincludetheculturalorsocialmeaningofaparticularChineselexicalitem.However,nomatterbywhatmechanism,wecannotalways,ifwecanonsomeoccasions,revivethemeaningoftheoriginalcompletely.AnswertoQuestion3(continued)Thereasonperhapsisthatbehindthelexicalitemsofalanguage,therestandthetextualgridofthatlanguageandculturalgridorthesocialgridrelevanttothelanguage,inBassenett’sterms.IndeSaussure’sterm,thevalueofawordisdeterminedbythevalueofrelevantwordsinthesamesemanticfield.IntranslationofChineselexicalitemsintoEnglish,wecannottranslatethetextual,culturalorsocialgridoreventhesemanticfieldrelevanttothelexicalitems,AnswertoQuestion3(continued)thoughwecanbyothermeansintroducesomeideasofthegridorthesemanticfield.Asforwhichofthemechanismstochoose,itmuchdependsontheinclinationofthetranslator,thoughonthetranslationsituationaswell.TakethetranslationofthepersonalnamesofADreamofRedMansionsforexample.Someusepinyinwhileothersturntomeaningtranslationandstillothersturntoacombinationofpinyinandmeaningtranslation.AndthepinyinuserscanbedividedintothosewhousethepinyinthatcanbewitnessedinputonghuaandthosewhousethecodesystemofWebster.AnswertoQuestion3(continued)Notethatintheabovediscussion,weusedsoundtranslationinsteadoftransliteration,asoftenusedbysomeChinesetranslationtheoreticians,becausewebelievethattransliterationliterallymeansletterforlettertranslationanditisoften,ifnotalways,employedbyWesterntheoreticianaccordingly.AnswertoQuestion4

Foruniversitystudents,translationmainlymeansrenderingtheoriginalintothetargetbychoosingproperlexicalitemsandpropersentencepatterns.Generallyspeaking,theyarenotexpectedtotransplanttheseedaswedointranslationofaChinesepoemintoEnglishortheotherwayround,noraretheyexpectedtodoanythingmoresophisticatedthantotranslateapassageofprose,realorfictional.ItisinthissensethatwesaythattranslationoflexicalitemsfromChineseintoEnglishisademandingtaskforuniversitystudents.Forothers,however,thestatementmaynotapply.

AnswertoQuestion4(continued)

Anotheraccountforthestatementmaylieinthefactthatlexicalitemsareextremelycloselyrelatedtothedifferencesofthetwoculturesthattakethetwolanguagesastheircodesystems,aswasdiscussedintheaboveanswer.

AnswertoQuestion5

Wefirmlybelievethatitistheinherentdefectoftranslation.Taketranslationofthethreenamesof贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗forexample.DuetothefactthatChineseandEnglisharetotallydifferentlanguagesthattransliterationcannotapplyinthiscase,thenormalpracticefortranslationofthethreenamesisbypinyin.However,intheformofChinesecharacter,JiaBaoyumaybeconsideredasacrosscousinofLinDaiyuontheonehandandacrosscousinofXueBaochaiontheother.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)Also,theChinesecharacter黛tellstheChinesereaderthatLinDaiyumayprobablybeafemaleandtheChinesecharacter钗alsotellstheChinesereaderthatXueBaochaimayprobablybeanotherfemale.AndBaoyuishonorificreferenceofastone,usuallyusedtonamemales.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)IntheChinesecultureofthetime,crosscousinsofdefferentsexescanfallinlovewithoneanotherandgetmarried.HencethethreenamessoexpressedinChinesecharactersmayprobablysuggestthatthethreepersonssonamedmayinvolveinatriangularlove,whichusuallyendsintragedy.However,whenspeltoutbypinyin,suchimpliedmeaningswillcompletelybelost,especiallytoreadersofanotherlanguage,fortheyaregenerallyspeakingstrangerstotheChineseculture.AnswertoQuestion5(continued)Nowadaystranslationisoftendiscussedinrelationtocreativetreason,wewouldliketopushtheideaalittlefurtherbysayingthattranslationbynatureisabusinessofcreativetreason,formoreoftenthannot,weastranslatorshavetobetrayboththeauthorandtheoriginaltext,atleastasfarastheformalstructureisconcerned.第二节汉语熟语英译1成语2典故3俗语4谚语5歇后语1

汉语成语英译

安居乐业liveinpeaceandworkincontentment;liveandworksatisfactorily奔走相告rushabouttotellthenewstoeachother;runningaroundtospreadthenews不务正业notengagedintherightbusiness;notengagedinone’sownbusiness叱咤风云commandwindandcloud;extremelypowerfulorinfluential大相径庭sodifferentasafootpathisdifferentfromacourtyard;soworldapartastodefyreason;totallydifferent2汉语典故英译杯弓蛇影sosuspiciousastotakeareflectedbowinthedrinkingcupasasnake;extremelysuspiciousNote:Legendhasitthatonceapersonwasinvitedtodineinanother’shome.Abowwashungonthewallandtheguesttookthereflectionofthebowinhisdrinkingcupasasnake.Backhome,hethoughtthathehadimbibedthevenomandfellill.Theallusionnowappliestogroundlesssuspicion.汉语典故英译〔续〕沧海横流homelessorvagrantNote:Traditionhasitthattoavoidwars,WangNiwenttoJiangxia.Hethenfeltthatwanderingaboutwithhissoninacart,hewasahomelessvagrant.汉语典故英译〔续〕长风破浪tobreakatenthousandliwavebyridingonalongwind;ambitious

Note:TraditionhasitthatwhenZongQuewasyoung,hisuncleaskedhimabouthisambitions.Herepliedthathewouldliketorideonalongwindtobreakawaveoftenthousandli.Theallusionnowappliestothedescriptionofgreatambitions.汉语典故英译〔续〕沉鱼落雁(ofalady)sobeautifulthatonseeingher,thefishfeelsinferiorinbeautyastodiveintodeepwaterandthecranefeelsinferiorinbeautyastoflyhighintothesky;stunninglybeautifulNote:OnceZhuangzisaidinabookthatMaoQiangandLiJiweresobeautifulastomakefishandbirdsfeelashamedoftheirowninferiorityinbeautybyeitherdivingintodeepwateroralightinghighintothesky.Theallusionnowappliestothedescriptionofthestunningbeauty.汉语典故英译〔续〕董宣强项theneck-unbendingDongXuan;stubbornasDongXuan;unyielding;unbendingNote:Asrecordedinhistory,DongXuanwasappointedMagistrateofLuoyang.Onhispost,onceaservantofaprincesskilledaninnocent.DongXuan,anofficialofjusticewhowashandlingthecase,couldnotgointotheprincess’smansiontoarrestthecriminalbuthadtowaitforthemantocomeout.Oncethemanwentoutwiththeprincess,DongXuancaughthimandkilledhimonthestreet.Inthisway,heoffendedtheprincess,whoreportedtheincidenttotheemperor.ThentheemperoraskedDongXuantomakeapologytotheprincess.Believingthathedidnothongwrong,DongXuanrefusedtoyieldtotheimperialpower.ThentheemperororderedtheguardstopresshimontothegroundbutDongXuanmanagednottobendhisneck.Nowtheallusionisusedtodescribeanuprightpersonorofficial.3汉语俗语英译

按倒葫芦起来瓢whilethegourdispresseddown,thegourdladlefloatsup;whileoneproblemisresolved,anothercomesup把吃奶的劲都使出来了useupallthestrengthincludingthestrengthheusedtosuckmilkfromhismother’sbreasts;exhaustallthestrength百闻不如一见onehundredhearingisnotasgoodasasingleseeing;bettertoseethantohear;seeingisbelieving搬起石头砸自己的脚liftarockonlytodropitonone’sowntoes;maketroubleforothersbutitturnsoutthatonlythemakeristroubled汉语俗语英译〔续〕病急乱投医pressedbyillness,onemightgotoanydoctorblindly;indifficulty,onemightturntoanyonewhoseabilitytohelpheisn’tsure病来如山倒，病去如抽丝whenill,thesickpersonwouldbreakdownlikeamountaincollapsing;intherecovering,hemayhavetobepatientinexpectingtherestorationtohisformerhealth;illnesscomessuddenlybutrecoveryprogressesveryslowly

4汉语谚语英译

年怕中秋，月怕十五ayearisafraidoftheMid-AutumnFestival,amonthisafraidofthefifteenthday;ayearwillendsoonwhenitreachestheMid-AutumnFestival,amonthwillendsoonwhenitreachesthefifteenthday;ayearinautumnwillsooncometoanendandamonthinthemiddlewillendsoon汉语谚语英译〔续〕一年之计在于春，一日之计在于寅thewholeyeardependsonagoodstartinspringandthedaydependsonagoodstartinthehourofyin;agoodbeginningishalfthesuccessNote:Yin,theChinesehourfrom3to5a.m.intheinternationalsystem,theearliesthourontheancientChineseclock.汉语谚语英译〔续〕春前有雨花开早，秋后无雨叶落迟withrainsbeforetheBeginningofSpring,flowerswillbeinblossomearlier;withoutrainsaftertheBeginningofAutumn,leaveswillfalllater;it’sbettertohaverainsbeforetheBeginningofSpringbutnotaftertheBeginningofAutumn春天不忙，秋天无粮withoutbeingbusylaboringinspring,don’texpecttoharvestinautumn;toilinginspringmeansabumperharvestinautumn

汉语谚语英译〔续〕麦要好种，稻要好秧wheatdependsongoodseeds,ricedependsongoodseedlings;goodseeds,goodharvestinwheat;goodseedlings,goodharvestinrice;successnecessitatesagoodbeginning十年树木，百年树人ittakestenyearsforatreetogrowupbutittakesahundredyearsforamantomature;ittakesalongertimetocultivateamanthantogrowatree;cultivationofamantakesalotoftime;itisverydifficulttocultivateaman

5汉语歇后语英译5猴子爬竹竿——上窜下跳amonkeyclimbingupabamboopost——byjumpingupanddown；likeamonkeyclimbingupabamboopost,theyrunaroundtostiruptroubles

汉语歇后语英译〔续〕董卓进京——不怀好意DongZhuomovinghisarmedforcesintothecapital——anill-intentionedact;likeDongZhuomovinghisarmedforcesintothecapital,itisanill-intentionedactNote:ByendoftheEasternHanDynasty,DongZhuowascalledbyHeJintoleadhisarmedforcestothecapitalandhelphimtoeliminatealltheeunuchs.However,DongZhuo’sintentionwastotakeovertheimperialpower.汉语歇后语英译〔续〕刘备摔阿斗——收买人心LiuBeithrowingAdouontotheground——tobuypeople’sheartsortobuypopularsupport;likeLiuBeithrowingAdouontotheground,itisanacttowinpopularsupportNote:LiuBei,kingofShu,wasonceutterlydefeatedbyCaoCao,dukeofWei,andhadhiswifekilled.However,hisgeneralZhaoYunwenttohissonAdou’srescueandcarriedthebabyback.ZhaoYundidthisattheriskofhisownlife.WhenAdouwasdeliveredtoLiuBei,hethrewthebabyontotheground,sayingthattherescueofthebabyendangeredZhaoYun’slife,alifewithmoreworththanAdou’s.Thisactofhisisusuallyregardedasanactofdeceivingthepopulaceintosupporting汉语歇后语英译〔续〕王八照相——龟〔鬼〕头龟〔鬼〕脑awangba,anothernamefortortoise,hasitspicturetaken——apictureofthetortoisefromheadtofoot,thatis,thepictureofathief;likeatortoisehavingitspicturetaken,itlooksathieffromheadtofootNote:TheChinesecharactersgui,meaningdevil,andgui,meaningatortoise,arehomophones.汉语歇后语英译〔续〕皇甫讷扮伍子婿——蒙混过关HuangfuNewasdressedupasWuZixu——togetbyunderfalsepretences;likeHuangfuNedressedupasWuZixu,thepurposeistogetbyunderpretencesNote:XuYun,styledZixu,waswantedbythekingofChu.Forthisreason,thegeneralwasrunningawaytoanotherstatebutcouldnotmanagetogetbytheZhaoguanPass.ThenhisfriendsDonggaoGongthoughtoutawayforhimbyaskingHuangfuNetobedressedasWuZixuandtobecaughtbythesoldiersatthepasssothatWuZixucouldgetthroughthepassbytakingtheadvantageofthechaoticsituationHuangfuNe’sprotectiongaveriseto.第三节汉语人名地名英译练习1——5

Thestorycanbetracedbacktothetwobrothers,DukeNingandDukeRong,withDukeNingbeingtheelderandDukeRongbeingtheyounger.DukeNinghadfoursonsborn.UponDukeNing’sdeath,hissonJiaDaihuasucceededhimontheofficialposition.JiaDaihuahadtwosons,JiaFu,theelder,andJiaJing,theyounger.JiaFudiedattheageofaround8or9andJiaJingsucceededhisfatherontheofficialpost.…ItwasluckyforJiaJingtohaveasonearly,namedJiaZhen,…andJiaZhenhasgotasoncalledJiaRong,just16yearsoldnow.

UponthedeathofDukeRong,JiaDaishan,theelderson,succeededhimontheofficialpostandmarriedMissShi,adaughterofMarsquisShiinJinling.Theyhadtwosons,withJiaShebeingtheelderandJiaZhengbeingtheyounger.JiaDaishandiedyearsagowhileLadyJia,theGranny,isstillenjoyingherhealth.…LadyWang,JiaZheng’swifefirstgavebirthtoason,namedJiaZhu.…Shethengavebirthtoadaughter,unexpectedlyontheChineseNewYear’sDay.Shethengavebirthtoanotherson,whomoresurprisinglyhadbroughtinthemouthtotheworldupinhisbirthacolorfulglitteringjadewithsomeinscriptionson.Andso,theynamedthesonBaoyu,meaningthepreciousjade.

Intheprocessofearthmaking,theSoutheastChinawassettingin,withthisaplacecalledGusuwasmade.TheCityofGusuhadagatecalledGateChang,aplacefamousfortalentsandbeauties,mostromanticthough.OutsideGateChang,therewasaplacecalledtheTenMileStreet,withRenqingPassagewaylocatedin.Inthatpassageway,therewasanancienttemplecalledtheGourdTemple.练习2SongJiang,theFidelityLuJunyi,theKylinWuYong,theWiseGongsunSheng,theDragoninCloudsGuanSheng,theBroadKnifeLinChong,theLeopardHeadQinMing,theThunderboltFireHuyanZhuo,theTwoWhipsHuaRong,thePresentDayLiGuang练习2(continued)ChaiJin,theWhirlwindLiYing,theSky-ShootingVultureZhuTong,theBeautifulBeardLuZhishen,theMonkWuSong,theBuddhistMonkDongPing,theTwo-SpearGeneralZhangQing,theExcellentArrow-ShooterYangZhi,theGreen-FacedBeastXuNing,theGoldSpear练习2(continued)SuoChao,thePioneerZaiZong,theFlyingTravelerLiuTang,theRed-HairedDevilLiKui,theBlackWhirlwindShiJin,theNineDragonMuHong,theUnobstructableLeiHeng,theWingedTigerLiJun,theRiverDragonRuanXiao’er,theMasterScoundrelZhangHeng,theBoatman练习2(continued)RuanXiaowu,theShort-LivedSecondBrotherZhangShun,theWhiteBodyinWavesRuanXiaoqi,theLivingKingofHellYangXiong,theSickGuanSuoShiXiu,theExertingThirdBrotherXieZhen,theDouble-HeadedSnakeXieBao,theDouble-TailedGescoYanQing,theVagrant练习3

ShenGang,theHeavenLiftingGodfromFuzhouPanWende,theChessPlayingGodfromShezhouYingMing,theEscapingGodfromMuzhouXuTong,theSix-DingGodfromMingzhouZhangJinren,theThunderboltGodfromYuezhouShenZe,theGiantDeityfromHangzhouZhaoYi,theMorningStarfromHuzhou练习3(continued)GaoKeli,theMasterGodfromXuanzhouFanChou,theGuestSuspendingGodfromChangzhouZhuoWanli,theYellowStreamerGodfromRunzhouHeTong,theLeopard-TailedGodfromJiangzhouShenBian,theBad-LuckBringingGodfromSuzhouThestorygoestoZhangJiao,wholedarebelliousarmytoinvadeYouzhou.ThegovernorandconcurrentlythecommanderofthelocalforceswasLiuYan,anativeofJinglingofJiangxiaandadescendentofKingGongoftheKingdomLuoftheHanDynasty.

Runningoutofthecity,CaoCaohurrieddesperatelytoQiaojunbywayofZhongmouCounty,wherehewascapturedbythegarrisonforcesandbroughttothemagistrate.

ThestorygoestoGongsunZan,governorofBeipingandcommanderofthelocalforces,wholedanarmyof15thousandstojointhealliedforcesbywayofPingyuanCountyofDezhou.Ontheway,hesawfromthedistancethroughthemulberrywoodsayellowflagprogressingfollowedbyanewcavalrymen.

ThankstoPanGu’screationandthroughthereignsoftheThreeWiseKingsandFiveAugustEmperors,theworldisthendividedintofourcontinents:theDongshengContinentintheeast,theNiuheContinentinthewest,theZhanbuContinentinthesouthandtheJuluContinentinthenorth.ThepresentstoryisabouttheeventstheDongshengContinentwitnessed.OutsideChina,thereisalandcalledAolaiCountrybythesea,inwhichthereisafamousmountknownastheFlowerandFruitMount.Themount,fromwhich10continentsand3islandsweredescended,wascreatedwhentheprimevalatmosphereofnaturewasdividedintotheclearpartandtheconfusingpart.

Afterlookingforsometime,theStoneMonkeyjumpedoverthebridgeandlookedrightandleft,seeingastonetabletrightinfrontofhim,onwhichtherewasalineofcarvedcharacterswritteninthestandardform,whichread:“TheFlowerandFruitMount,aplaceoffortune;theWater-FallingCave,acaveofheaven.〞OutsidetheCityofChang’an,bytheriverofJinghe,therelivedtwoworthies.OnewascalledZhangShao,afisherman;theotherwasknownasLiDing,awoodman第四节

汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译

1中共中央机构名称英译2全国政协机构名称英译

1中共中央机构名称英译

CentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CCCPC)CentralCommissionforDisciplineInspectionoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralMilitaryCommissionoftheCommunistPartyofChinaPoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(PoliticalBureauofCCCPC)StandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauofCCCPCSecretariatoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(SecretariatofCCCPC)1中共中央机构名称英译〔续〕OrganizationDepartmentofCCCPC;PublicityDepartmentofCCCPC;UnitedFrontWorkDepartmentofCCCPC;InternationalLiaisonDepartmentofCCCPC;GeneralOfficeofCCCPCStateOrgansWorkCommitteeofCCCPC;WorkCommitteeforOfficesDirectlyUnderCCCPC;CommitteeofPoliticalandLegislativeAffairsofCCCPC;CommitteeforComprehensiveImprovementofSocialSecurityofCCCPC1中共中央机构名称英译〔续〕PartySchoolofCCCPC;HeadquartersofPeople’sDaily;PartyHistoryResearchCenterofCCCPC;PartyLiteratureResearchCenterofCCCPC;CompilationandTranslationBureauofCCCPC1中共中央机构名称英译〔续〕PolicyResearchOfficeofCCCPC;TaiwanAffairsOfficeofCCCPC;InternationalCommunicationOfficeofCCCPC;ForeignAffairsOfficeofCCCPC;SecretProtectionCommitteeofCPC;GuardsBureauofCPC2全国政协机构名称英译

NationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceStandingCommitteeoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceGeneralOfficeofCPPCCSpecialCommittees全国政协机构名称英译〔续〕CommitteeforHandlingProposalsCommitteeforEconomicAffairsCommitteeforPopulation,ResourcesandEnvironmentCommitteeforEducation,Science,Culture,HealthandSportsCommitteeforSocialandLegalAffairsCommitteeforEthnicandReligiousAffairsCommitteeforCulturalandHistoricalDataCommitteeforLiaisonwithHongKong,Macao,TaiwanandOverseasChineseCommitteeofForeignAffairs第五节汉语带数字的词语英译练习1—3练习1一枕黄粱aGoldMilletDream,adreaminwhichthedreamerdreamtthathebecameahighofficialandenjoyedalltheofficiallifepleasurebutawoketotherealitythathesleptbythetreeonamilletpillar;adaydream;daydreaming练习1〔续〕两肋插刀tuckingknivesunderbotharms;riskingone’slifeinhelpingone’sfriendoutofdifficulty;helpingone’sfriendattheriskofone’sownlife三媒六证(ofamarriage)withthreematch-makersandsixwitnessesonspot;amarriagewithmorethanenoughmatch-makersaswitness;amarriageconductedinamorethanproperprocedure练习1〔续〕四分五裂splittingintofourorfives;fallingintopieces五行八作fiveprofessionsandeighttrades;alltradesandprofessions练习2

Plan863,aplandevelopedinresponsetotheproposalputforwardbyfourfamousChinesescientistsonMarch3,1986todevelophightechnologyinChinaProject361,aconstructiongoalforacity,consistingofconstructionof3industrialbases,6backboneindustriesandaneconomicdevelopmentzonePlan861,aneconomicdevelopmentplanforaprovince,consistingofconstructionof8industrialbases,6backboneindustriesandbytheendof2010,theaverageincomeofapersonreaching1000USdollars练习2〔续〕The12345OutlineoftheWorkoftheYear,aworkingplanfortheyearof2004ofthePoliticalConsultativeConferenceofamunicipality,namely,oneconstruction,thatis,theconstructionoftheofficeworkingmechanisms,conductingtwohearingconferences,organizinginspectionsinthreeaspects,preparing4keyproposalsandcollectingpeople’sopinionsandsuggestionsinfiveareas练习3Ataconferenceheldinalocality,alltheleaderspresenteachmadeanimportantspeech.Nowletusquotesomeoftheirspeechesasfollows:LeaderA:“Iwouldliketoaddressonfourissues.Firstofall,weshouldcometotherealizationoffourimportantissues,focusourattentiononawarenessoffouraspectsandrenewconceptsinfourareas.Second,weshouldgraspfourfocusedpoints,reinforcefourcombinationsandstriveforfourbreakthroughs.Thirdly,weshouldperfectfourmechanisms,constructfourhighlightedspotsandattainfourgoals.Fourthly,…〞练习3〔续〕LeaderB:“Iwouldliketostressthreemusts.First,wemustcheckcarefullyatthreepointsintheprocessandbestrictintermsofthreedisciplines.Second,wemustselectthreepointstolayourstressonandbuildthreeplatforms.Thirdly,wemusteliminatethreeoutdatedcustomsandrenewthreemechanisms.〞LeaderC:“Iwouldliketoaddthreeadvices.First,itisnecessarytograspthreekeyissuesandgraspthemagain,againandagainforthreetimes.Second,itisnecessarytocarryoutthreenecessitiesandreachthreenewaltitudes.Thirdly,itisnecessarytostrengthenthreeapproachesandintensifythreedynamics.〞练习3〔续〕LeaderD:“Iwouldliketoreiteratetwoideas.First,effortsshouldbedevotedtoresisttwoenticesandovercometwofears.Second,inimplementationofthespiritsofthisconference,twoimplementationsshouldbedonetothefull.…〞第六节汉语天文、历法和节气方面的词语英译练习1—5练习1

Andromeda,Aquila,Capricornus,Columba,Delphinus,Draco,Gemini,Leo,Taurus,UrsaMajor练习2Venus,Jupiter,Mercury,Mars,Saturn,Earth,Uranus,Neptune,Pluto练习3SpringFestival;LanternFestival;PureBrightness;DragonBoatFestival;Mid-AutumnFestival;DoubleNinthFestival;Father’sDay;Mother’sDay;InternationalLaborDay(MayDay);InternationalWomen’sDay;Teachers’Day练习4

Dubhe,Merak,Phecda,Megrez,Alioth,Mizar,Alkaid练习5清明断雪，谷雨断霜ItmaynotstopsnowinguntilPureBrightness,itmaynotstopfrostinguntilGrainRain.PureBrightnessseesnosnowingwhileGrainRainseesnofrosting.清明要晴，立夏要下OnPureBrightness,it’sbettertobebright;onBeginningofSummer,it’sbettertorain.It’sbetterforPureBrightnesstobebrightandforBeginningofSummertoberaining.It’sbetterbrightforPureBright,andrainingforSummerBeginning练习5〔续〕正月二十晴，果木树上挂油瓶；正月二十阴，阴阴暗暗到清明TheChineseJanuary20thbeingabrightdaypromisesabumperfruitharvestwhileitbeingacloudydaypromisesconsecutivecloudydaysuntilPureBrightness.January20thbright,fruithangingfromtreesallright;January20thcloudy,cloudyallthewaytillPureBright.云掩中秋月，雨落上元灯WhenthemoonisbehindcloudsonMid-AutumnFestival,itwillrainonLanternFestival.ThemoonbehindcloudsonMid-AutumnpromisesrainonFestivalLantern练习5〔续〕立夏要下，小满要满It’sbettertorainonBeginningofSummerandhavepools