英国文学简史复习要点

ReviewofEnglishLiteratureFromMedievalto19thcentury.FinalExamI.MultipleChoice(25%)II.FindtherelevantmatchfromcolumnBforeachiteminColumnA.(25%)(Writersandworks,Charactersandworks,literaryterms)IIIReadingcomprehension(30%)3textsIV.Makecommentonthefollowingextractswithmorethan150wordseach(20%)(youcanidentifyitstheme,formortheauthorsandtheliterarymovementstheyrepresentandexplicatingtheirrespectivecharacteristics)

.OutlineofHistoryofEnglishliteratureEarlyandMedievalAgesEnglishRenaissanceTheperiodoftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolutionThe18thcentury/Neo-classicismRomanticismCriticalRealismThe20thcentury.Part1Middle-AgeLiterature(5thC-1485)I.theOldEnglishPeriod(449-1066)aboriginal:BritonsTheRomanConquestTheAnglo-SaxonInvasionTheChristianizationoftheAnglo-SaxonsTheDanishInvasion

TheNormanConquest

II.TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485)TheNormanConquestTheAll-prevailingInfluenceoftheMedievalChurchNowrittenliteratureEnglishliteraturebegan“Beowulf”ReligiouspoetryKingAlfredtheGreattheAnglo-SaxonChronicleTheRomances;popularballads;PiersthePlowman;GeoffreyChaucer;Historyliterature.Beowulfheroicepicalongpoemtellingthestoryofthedeedsofgodsandgreatmenandwomen,ortheearlyhistoryofanation.nationalepicoftheEnglishpeopleafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEuropepassedfrommouthtomouthforhundredsofyearsbeforewrittendowninthe10thcenturythemostimportantworkoftheOldEnglishliterature.

3182lines.EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureGeoffreyChaucer,thefounder/fatherofEnglishpoetry,whosemasterpieceisTheCanterburyTales,inwhichhepresentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.Literarycareer

3PeriodsofCreationTheinfluenceofFrenchliterature,（1360s-1372）

chieflytranslatedfromtheFrenchworks,

eg.“TheRomauntofRose”《玫瑰传奇》.“TheBookoftheDuchess”《悼公爵夫人》thebestworkofthetimeTheinfluenceofItalianRenaissance(1372-1386)mainlyadaptedworksfromItalianliterature,

eg；“TroilusandCriseide”《特洛勒斯和克里希德》TheBritishPeriod:1386---1400(MaturePeriod)

“TheCanterburyTales”《坎特伯雷故事集》hismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksoftheMiddleAges..LiteraryTermsEpicAlliterationRomanceBaladHeroiccouplet.Part2:TheEnglishRenaissance(Late15thcentury--early17thcentury)Renaissance,inessence,isahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtolifttherestrictioninallareasplacedbytheRomanCatholicChurchauthorities.

Humanismistheessence/keynoteoftheRenaissance.WritersofRenaissanceThomasMoreUtopia.Moregaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.

PhilipSidneyPoets&criticSonnet

AstrophelandStella

and

ApologyforPoetry

EdmundSpenserPoet’spoetTheShepherd’sCalendar,EpithalamionTheFaerieQueen(nationalism,puritanism,humanism)FrancisBaconScientistandphilosopher

Essays(“OfStudies”),founderofclassicexperimentalismPeaktimeofdramaChristopherMarlowBlankverse,Tamburlaine,TheJewofMalta,Dr.FaustusWilliamShakespeare4GreatComediesand4GreatTragediesSonnet(18).WilliamShakespeareFourGreatComediesAMidsummerNight’sDreamTwelfthNightAsYouLikeitTheMerchantofVeniceFourGreatTragediesHamletMacbethKingLearOthello“Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”.LiteraryTermsHumanismTheSpenserianStanzaAllegoryessayBlankverseTragedyComedy.PartThree:ThePeriodoftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution(17thcentury)JohnMiltonParadiseLostParadiseRegainedSamsonAgonistes(resembleMiltonhimself)JohnDonneMetaphysicalpoetTheFlea,Avalediction:ForbiddingMourningJohnBunyanThePilgrim’sProgress:religiousallegory“VanityFair,Faithful,Hypocricy,Ignorance…”JohnDrydenAllForLove.LiteraryTermsMetaphysicalpoetConceit.Enlightenmentliterature(late17thcentury—mid18thcentury)GloriousRevolution----comparativelypeacefulNewClassicism:reason,formanageofproseratherthanpoetry..AnOverviewofthe18thLiteraturetheProsperityofProseSteele,Addison,PopeSamuelJohnsonclassicism:classicistsTheEnlightenment

theRisingofNovelsDefoe,Fielding,Swiftrealism:realiststheDeclineofDramaGoldsmith,Sheridan

sentimentalism:sentimentalistsGray,theDevelopmentofPoetryBlake,Burnspre-romanticists.AlexanderPope蒲伯oneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland,forhimthesupremevaluewasorder.Elaboratedcertainregulationsforthestyleofpoeticalworksandbroughttheheroiccouplet---fivefootiambicrhymedincouplettoultimateperfection..Pope’srepresentativeworks

<AnEssayonCriticism>apoemwritteninheroiccouplets(对句),criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetaste&callonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance,truewitwhichisbestsetinaplain(simple&clear)style.<TheRapeoftheLock>adelightfulburlesqueofepicpoetry，itridiculesthemannersoftheEnglishnobility.Thepoemisbasedonanactualincidentinwhichayoungnoblemanstolealockofalady'shair.<EssayonMan>suggestshumankindisapartofnatureandthediversityoflivingforms:"Eachbeast,eachinsect,happyinitsown:/IsHeavenunkindtoMan,andManalone?“<TheDunciad>generallyconsideredPope'sbestsatiricwork，asreflectedinthecorruptnessofgovernment,socialmorals，education&evenreligion.RichardSteeleandJosephAddison“TheTatler”&“TheSpectator”,inwhichSteeleandAddisoncreatedanewstyleofproseandpavedthewayfortheriseofnovel..SamuelJohnson塞缪尔·约翰逊oneofthegreatestfiguresof18th-centuryEnglishliterature,thelastneoclassicistenlightener.Hewasanenergetic&versatilewriter.Hehadahandinallthedifferentbranchesofliteraryactivities.<ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage>英语大词典,agigantictaskwhichJohnsonundertooksingle-handedly&finishedinoversevenyears..Majornovelistsin18thcenturyDanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福JonathanSwift乔纳森·斯威夫特SamuelRichardson塞缪尔·理查逊HenryFielding亨利·菲尔丁.

DanielDefoe:1660-1731OneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglish18thcenturyrealisticnovel.Hismasterpiece:RobinsonCrusoeRobinsonspends28yearsofisolatedlifeontheislandIntheautobiographicalform.JonathanSwiftAgreatsatiristGulliver’sTravels(WhichplacesdidGullivervisit?)Gulliver’sTravelsisthe

greatestsatiricworkinEnglishliterature..

HismasterpieceGulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》1706

Lilliput(小人国)asatireontheTories(托利党)&theWhigs(辉格党)Brobdingnag(大人国)asatireonEnglishlordsandladiesFlyingIsland（飞岛）asatireoncorruptedphilosophers&projectorscountryofhorses(马岛)asatireontheconflictsofEnglishsocietyWhatdoyouknowaboutthisbook?.SamuelRichardsonPamela(firstepistolarynovel),

ClarissaHarlowe…Firstprobeintocharacter’spsychologicalworld.HenryFieldingfatheroftheEnglishnovel.founderoftheEnglishRealisticnovel:comicepicinprose散文滑稽史诗JosephAndrews,JonathanWild,TomJones.Analysissome40charactersTomJonesgood-naturedfrankandopenkind,disinterested(无私的)imprudence(轻率的)Blifilvillain,selfish,malicious,

hypocriticalSophiaideal,goodqualities,gaiety(快乐),candour(坦率),brave,courageWesternbarbarian(残暴的人)autocrat(专横的人)PartridgeJack-of-all-tradessimple,faithfulgood-natured,alittlewhimsical

(想入非非的)BridgetMr.Allworthy.ThomasGray格雷Themiddleofthe18thcenturyinEnglandseestheinceptionsofanewliterarycurrent---thatofsentimentalism.Becauseofcontradictionsofbourgeoisprogressthatbroughtwithitenslavementandruintothepeople,thephilosophyoftheenlighteners,thoughrationalandmaterialisticinitsessence,didnotexcludesense,orsentiments,asameansofperceptionandlearning.ThomasGray,theleaderofthesentimental(悲情的)poetryElegy,WritteninaCountryChurchyard.WilliamBlake布莱克Pre-romanticismHismostwell-knownpoemsarecollectedinSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience..RobertBurns彭斯thenationalpoetofScotlandandoneofthegreatestsongwritersintheworldBurnswrotepoemsandsongsintheScottishdialectandinthetraditionofScottishfolksongs.Besideslovelyrics,mostofhispoemsandsongsareaboutpatrioticandpoliticalthemes.<AuldLangSyne>,<ARed,RedRose>

.TheAgeofRomanticism

1750-1850.Thisculturaleraisacontinuationof,&overlapswith,theEnlightenment.Itscharacteristicsinclude:RomanticloveLiberalismandfreedomAnupsurgeofnationalism&patriotismSympathyforthepoor&lessfortunate.AnappreciationofnatureAfascinationwithhorror.EnglishRomanticLiterature

1.TheTime(turnof18thand19th)beginningending17981832LyricalBallads

WalterScott’sdeath

theReformBill

（英国历史上1832年议会选举法修正法案）.EnglishRomanticismbeginsin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sThe

LyricalBalladsandendsin1832withWalterScott’sdeath.英国浪漫主义始于1798年，标志为华兹华斯与柯勒律治的《抒情歌谣集》的出版，终于1832年，标志为沃特.司各特的去世以及议会第一改革提案的通过。.ImportantPointsfamousromanticpoetsWilliamWordsworth华兹华斯SamuelTaylorColeridge柯勒律治GeorgeGordonByron拜伦PercyByssheShelley雪莱JohnKeats济慈novelistsWalterScott司各特JaneAusten奥斯汀.TwoSchoolsofRomanticPoetstheeldergeneration:escapistromanticistsyoungergenerationactiveromanticistsWordsworthColeridgeSoutheyByronShelleyKeatsLakePoetsTheyheldoutanidealofafuturesocietyfreefromoppressionandexploitation.Theyprotestedagainstcapitalistdevelopmentbyturningtothefeudalpast,turningtonatureforprotection.

.WilliamWordsworth

romanticpoetryFounderofEnglishRomanticmovementWorkwithColeridgeandPublishLyricalBallads,whichisamanifestoforRomanticpoetry.Accordingtothesubjectmatters,Wordsworth’sshortpoemscanbedividedintotwogroups:thepoemsofnaturethepoemsabouthumanlife.

Heisapoetofnature,“aworshipperofnature”,（被称为大自然的膜拜者）andamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofthecommonpeople.Works.WilliamWordsworthprincipalpoem：

WearesevenLinesWritteninEarlySpringTothecuckooIWonderedlonelyasacloudTheSolitaryReaperIntimationsorImmortalityThePrelude.SamuelTaylorColeridgeUsedimagesofphantomsandterrorsarisingfromthedepth