《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本

《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第1页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第1页。《英语教学法》练习题一参考答案专升本一.Fillintheblanks1.(1)permanent(2)particular(3)situation(4)facilitating(5)debilitating2.(6)structuralist7)imperative8)behaviorism(9)action-based(10)sentence-based(11)meaning(12)situations(13)physical(14)performers(15)interaction二.Explainthefollowingterms1.TheSilentWayisateachingmethoddevisedbyCalebGattegno.ThekeysenseoftheSilentWayisthattheteachershouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroomandlearnersshouldbeencouragedtothinkaboutlanguagefeaturesandproduceasmuchlanguageaspossible.2.Generallyspeaking,therearefourtypesoflisteningsituations:real-lifelistening,classroomlistening,practicelisteningandtestlistening.3.AccordingtoCummingsworth(1995:7),textbooksserveas:aresourceforpresentationmaterial(spokenandwritten)asourceofactivitiesforlearnerpracticeandcommunicativeinteractionareferencesourceforlearnersongrammar,vocabulary,pronunciation,etc.asourceofstimulationandideasforclassroomlanguageactivitiesasyllabus(wheretheyreflectlearningobjectiveswhichhavealreadybeendetermined)《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第2页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第2页。asupportforlessexperienceteacherswhohaveyettogaininconfidence4.Backwashisatermthatreferstotheeffectoftestingonteachingandlearning,whichcanbeeitherharmfulorbeneficial.5.LanguageAwarenessisdefinedas'aperson'ssensitivitytoandconsciousawarenessofthenatureoflanguageanditsroleinhumanlife'(JamesandGarrett1991:4).6.Summativeassessmentisintendedtomeasurelearners’achievement.Summativeassessment:-isnotnecessarilypreparedandcarriedbytheclassteacher-doesnotnecessarilyrelateimmediatelytowhathasbeentaught-thejudgmentaboutalearner’sperformanceislikelytofeedintorecord-keepingandbeusedforadministrativepurposes,e.g.checkingstandardsandtargets-isfrequentlyexternallyimposed,e.g.byaninstitutionoraministryofeducation.三.Fillintheblanks1.(1)experience(2)cognition(3)mastery(4)structural(5)oral(6)autonomous(7)generalizations(8)refrain2.(9)interference(10)intralingual(11)developmental(12)transfer(13)generalization(14)rules(15)hypothesis(16)progressive(17)process(18)proficiency四.Openquestions1.Surelystudentswillmakemistakesintheirspeakingpractice.Howteachersdealwithstudents’mistakesanderrorsisveryimportantforindividuallearners.《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第3页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第3页。2.Asnon-nativespeaker,weoftencomeacrossdifficultiesintheprocessofreading.Wedonotfeelcomfortableifwedonotunderstandeveryword,everyphraseoreverysentence.Wedonotfeellikeunderstandingthetext.Alsoweoftentendtomakeatextreadingbecomegrammarandvocabularylearning.Becauseofthesetwofactors,wedonottolerateambiguitiesinreading.Butweneedtoandwehaveto.Ifwetrytounderstandeveryword,time,abilityandavailabilityofhelparelimited.Theresultcanbeworkingononetextlikeasnailsothatweendupreadingalittle.Ifwetolerateambiguitiesandcontinuetoread,wecandevelopreadingskillsintheprocess,andaswegofurther,ourimprovementwillselfsolvesomeproblemswehadinpreviousprocesses.3.写出教材名称及合理的选择理由即可五.Openquestions1.TypeDescriptionStructuralThecontentsofthesyllabusareorganizedaroundgrammaticalandphonologicalstructures,whichareusuallysequencedfromeasytodifficultorfrequenttolessfrequent.Somesyllabusesaregrammatical;somearelexicalandsomearebothgrammaticalandlexical.FunctionalFunctions(suchasidentifying,reporting,《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第4页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第4页。NotionalConceptualcategoriescallednotionsarethebasisoforganization,sequencedbysomesenseofchronologyorusefulnessofeachnotion.Forexample,propertiesandshapes,location,measurement,etc.SituationalSituationalsyllabusestakereal-lifecontextoflanguageusescalledsituations(suchasatthebank,atthesupermarket,atarestaurant,etc.)astheorganizingprinciple—sequencedbythelikelihoodthatstudentswillencounterthem.Forexample,introductions,gettingacquainted,atthehousingoffice,etc.TopicalAtopicalsyllabusislikeasituationalone,exceptthattheheadingsarebroadlytopicbased.Intopicalsyllabuses,topicsorthemes(suchashealth,food,clothing,etc.)formtheorganizingprinciple—sequencedbythelikelihoodthatstudentswillencounterthem.Thetopicscanbe:trendsinliving,issuesinsocietyandfamilyetc.SkillsSkillsserveasthebasisfororganizationsequencedbysomesenseofchronologyorusefulnessofeachskill.Theskillscanbelisteningforgist,listeningformainideas,listeningforinferences,scanningareadingpassageforspecificinformation,etc.TaskTasksyllabusesspecifyactivity-basedcategoriessuchasdrawingmaps,followingdirections,followinginstructions,etc.Tasksserveasthebasisfororganization,sequencedbysomesenseofchronologyorusefulnessofnotionsQualityInrecentyears,theconceptsaboutqualityeducation《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第5页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第5页。qualitiesrefertoacademic,socialandpersonalityabilities,forexample,discoverylearning,autonomouslearningandlearningstrategies;workingwithothers,solvingproblems,buildinguppositiveandhealthypersonality.Qualitycontentsareonlypartofthesyllabus.2.Becauseofthegreatachievementofscienceandtechnologyinthe18thand19thcenturies,technicalrationalitybecamedominant,characterizedbytheprevailingconceptthathumanprogresscouldbeachievedthroughscienceandtechnology(Sch?n1983andHettne1990).ThisformofthinkingwastermedasthemechanisticparadigmintheWest(PikeandSelby1988)andtheauthoritativeparadigminChina.Thedevelopmentanddeclineofthetwoparadigmsrepresenttheriseofreflection.3.写出针对提问的三个例子即可。六.Explainthefollowingterms1.Againtheresponsesareverycontrolled,butlearnerscanmakealimitedchoiceofvocabulary.Example:Againinordertopracticeformsofthepresentsimpletense.Choosesomeoneyouknowverywell,andwritedowntheirname.Nowcomposetruestatementsaboutthemaccordingtothefollowingmodel:He/Shelikesicecream:ORHe/Shedoesn’tlikeicecream.a)enjoy:playingtennisb)drink:winec)speak:Polish2.Eachspecificlessonplanformsacomprehensivecourselessonplan.Acomprehensivecourselessoncomponentsare:descriptionofthecourseorsyllabus,descriptionofstudents,description《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第6页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第6页。3.Thereareseveralreasonswhyteachersneedtoadaptthetextbook.First,whatthetextbookclaimsturnsouttobedifferentinrealteaching.Soteachersneedtoadaptthebooksforeffectiveteaching.Second,textbookstendtobeoutofdatethoughthedegreeisdifferent.Thusteachersneedtoreplacesomepartswithaddedup-to-datematerials.Third,somepartsofthetextbookarenotsuitableforstudents.Weneedtocancelthemormodifythemtosuitstudents’needsandlevels.Finally,adaptingsomepartsofthetextbookcanbringvarietyandinitiatecreativity.Followingthetextbookstepbystepismechanicalandnotinteresting.4.ForPiaget,knowledgeisaconstructionoftheindividual'ssubjectiverealityratherthananentitywhichdivorcestherealitywiththeindividual'sviewandobservation.ThisnotionofconstructivisminvolvesthefollowingelementssummarizedbyWilliamsandBurden(1997).5.Peerobservationisanactivitydoneamongcolleagueswhovisiteachother'sclassestoobservedifferentaspectsofteaching.Itisatooltolearnfromothersandtolearnfromoneselfaswell.七、简答题1.(1).Permanence:Writtendiscourseisstableandfixed;spokendiscourseisfleetingandmovesoninrealtime.(2).Explicitness:Writtendiscoursehastoprovideclearcontextsincethewriterandreadersdonotdirectcontact;spokendiscourseinwhichthespeakerand《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第7页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第7页。(3).Density:Writtendiscourseisdenseinexpression;spokendiscoursehasafeatureofredundancy.(4).Detachment:Writtendiscourseisnotfixedintimeandspace;spokendiscourseoccursindirectandimmediateinteractionwithlisteners.(5).Organization:Writtendiscourserequirescarefulorganizationandformulationandconformstoconventionalrulesofgrammarandvocabularyuse.Spokendiscoursehasafeatureofongoingalterationsintheshapeofglossesandself-correction.(6).Slownessofproduction,speedofreception:Writingisslowerthanspeaking.Understandingisfasterinreadingatextthanlisteningtoatext.(7).Standardlanguage:Writingusuallyusesstandardvarietyoflanguage;speechmaysometimesbeinaregionalorotherdialect.(8).Alearntskill:Spokenlanguagecanbeacquiredintuitively,whereasthewrittenformisinmostcasesshouldbeintentionallytaughtorlearned.(9).Sheeramount&importance:Spokentextisusuallylongerthanwrittentext.Insociety,speechismoreimportantforsurvivalandeffectivefunctioning.2.写出一份可行的发音课教案即可。3.设计出一系列写作课可行的教学活动即可。《英语教学法》练习题二参考答案专升本一.Openquestions1.Itisarguedthatcomprehensionisdependentonthreemainsourcesofknowledge(Skehan1998).《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第8页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第8页。Backgroundknowledgeisinformationaccumulatedbythelistenerinpreviousexperience.Someinformationisfactual;someisaboutsocialandculturaldomains.Botharehelpfulinlisteningcomprehension,especiallyintop-downprocessandinterpretativeunderstanding.Proceduralknowledgeisabouthowknowledgeisusedindiscourse.Differentgenreshavetheirownschemes.KnowingthestructureofdifferenttypesoflisteningmaterialshelpsinkeepingupwiththespeechandpredictionContextualknowledge:knowledgeofsituationandknowledgeofco-textContextualknowledgeaddressesimmediatesituationandthetextitself.Inreallifelistening,physicalsettingandknowledgeofparticipantsaffectlisteningcomprehension.Forsecondorforeignlanguagelearners,focusismoreonlisteningmaterials.Itistoknowwhathasbeensaidandwillbesaidwithinthetext.SystemicknowledgeHavingsystemicknowledgemeansbeingequippedwithsyntactic,semanticandmorphologicalsystemsofthelanguageaswellassoundingknowledgesuchastonesandintonations.Richandcomprehensiveknowledgeinlanguagesystemshelpslisteningcomprehension.2.Formativeassessmentisnotexclusivetoteachersonly.Itcanbedonethroughselfassessmentandpeerassessment.Traditionally,teacherswereinauthoritytoevaluatestudents’performance.Nowstudentsareencouragedtoevaluatetheirownperformance.Itcanbedoneeitherroughlyoracademicallyusingcertaincriteriaandweighingsystemsagreedoninadvance《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第9页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第9页。3.Therearefourmainfeaturesinactionresearch:situationalandcollaborativeparticipatoryandself-evaluative.Beingsituationalmeansdiagnosingaprobleminaspecificcontextandattemptingtosolveitinthatcontext.Beingcollaborativereferstoteamworkingeitheramongteachersorbetweenresearchersandteachersonaproject.Theparticipatoryfeaturedenotesthatteammembersthemselvestakepartintheresearch.Finallyself-evaluativefeaturemeansmodificationsthatarecontinuouslyevaluatingwithintheongoingsituation(CohenandManion1980).Thesefourfeaturespromotecriticalattitude,self-evaluationandprofessionalism.二.Explainthefollowingterms1.Ateacher’sjobistoguideandhelpstudentslearnefficiently.Theefficiencyliesnotonlyinbeinggoodatknowledgeofandaboutthelanguagebutalsoinhis/herwaysormethodsemployedtoachieveadesiredpurpose.Inotherwords,inordertoachieveapurposesuchasmotivatingstudents,dealingwithalanguagepoint,orimprovingreadingability,theteacherneedstotrydifferentwaystoreachthatpurpose.Thisiscalledmeansandendsrelationship(Dewey1933).Meansarevariousalternativesorsuggestions;endsarethedesiredpurposes.Inordertoreachdesiredaims,theteacherneedstomakeeffortstoexploreandemploydifferentmeans.2.TheAudiolingualMethodwasdevelopedandbecame《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第10页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第10页。3.CommunityLanguageLearning(CLL)isdevelopedbyCharlesA.Curran.HeappliesCounseling-learningtheorytolanguageteaching.Agroupoflearnerscalledacommunitystudytogetherinacirclewiththeteacheroutsidethecirclewhoprovidestargetlanguageexpressionsandgivesadviceandsupport.4.Functionalspeakingactivitiesaredesignedtouselanguagetodothingssuchasoffering,suggesting,orderingfood,etc.Functionalactivitieshelpstudentstopracticesentencepatternsusedinsocialfunctions.(Vocabularyisalsoimprovedhere.)5.Allactivitiesservecommonobjectivesandeachactivityshouldbeconnectedbyteachersusingconnectivedevicestomakethelessonawholenessofharmoniousness.Ifactivitiesarenotconnectedincontentandpurpose,therewillbenoflowofclassroommovement.“Goodlessonplanistheartofmixingtechniques,activitiesandmaterialsinsuchawaythatanidealbalanceiscreatedfortheclass”(Harmer1993:259).三.Fillintheblanks1.(1)vocabulary(2)acquisition/learning(3)affective(4)formal(5)input(6)comprehensible(7)managers(8)affectively四.(9)sound(10)meaningful(11)real-life(12)classroom(13)practice(14)test(15)top-down(16)bottom-up(17)literal(18)interpretative(19)discourse(20)text(21)mainidea(22)receptive.Ⅱ.Explainthefollowingterms1.Unplannedteachingoftenproducepositiveresultsandit《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第11页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第11页。2.Therearetwoapproachesto“understanding”.Oneisliteralunderstanding:toknowthemeaningofwhatsomeoneistellingusortoknowthelanguagetheyspeak.Theotherisinterpretativeunderstandingbywhichthelistenertriestoworkoutthemeaningbetweenthelinesorbeyondthelines.3.Structuralspeakingactivitiesaredesignedtopracticegrammarinoralproduction.Therearemanykindsofactivitiesforimprovinglanguagestructuresinspokenform.Thefollowingaresomeexamples.4.Checkingstudents’writingcanbedoneeithergloballyorlocally.Globalcheckmeansgivingascore;localmeanscorrectmistakes.Notallmistakesarenecessarytobecorrected.Usingasamplepieceofwritingandgettingthewholetocorrectthesamplewritingwiththeguidanceoftheteacherisagoodwaytodiscussmistakes,improvewritingandreduceworkload.5.Textbooksarethemajormaterialthatteachersandstudentsusethroughoutthecourse.Traditionallytextbookswereonlyonecoursebookforbothteachersandstudentsandananswerkeybookforteachers.Withthedevelopmentofinstructionalmaterials,textbookshavebecomemoreandmoreresourcefulwithadifferenttermcalledtextbookpackagethatcontainsStudents’Book,Teacher’sBook,Workbook,Audio-cassettes,VideoCassettes,CD-ROMsoftware,TranslationBook,Self-studyBookandReferenceBook.Somepackagesincludeall《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第12页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第12页。6.Peerobservationisanactivitydoneamongcolleagueswhovisiteachother'sclassestoobservedifferentaspectsofteaching.Itisatooltolearnfromothersandtolearnfromoneselfaswell.五.Fillintheblanks(1)discovering(2)insights(3)experiences(4)aware(5)generating(6)profile(7)competence(8)concise(9)convincing(10)professional(11)rationale(12)examples(13)learning(14)growing(15)educational(16)previous(17)intentions(18)behavior(19)test(20)comments(21)academic(22)gather(23)discuss(24)ELT(25)journals(26)sensitivity(27)awareness(28)methodology(29)cycle(30)experience(31)raising(32)reflecting(33)experiential(34)practice(35)planning六.Openquestions1.Thefollowingisonewayofclassificationoftextbooks.Knowledgetype:Structuretype:Function/notiontype:Topictype:2.Ishallexplorehowreflectionfacilitatesteacherdevelopmentinsixaspects,eachofwhichhasadifferentfocus.Therewillbeoverlappingpartsforthesixrolesofreflectioninteacherdevelopment.Theoverlappingfeatureshowsthatdifferentaspectsofreflectivethinkingfacilitatesourdevelopmentnotisolatedlybutinteractively.Reflectioncombinesmeansandends,whichisessentialtoteacherdevelopment.Reflectionprovidesadevelopmentalprocess,whichfacilities《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共14页，当前为第13页。《英语教学法》练习题参考附标准答案专升本全文共1