湖南省岳阳市华容第一中学高一英语下学期期末试题含解析

湖南省岳阳市华容第一中学高一英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Iamreallyverysorry,sir.Ihavereadthematerialforalongtimebutitdoesn’tmakeany________tome.A.sense

B.importance

C.meaning

D.benefit参考答案：A2.Anothernewnovelbythefamouswriterisbeingprintedanditwillsoon

.A．setout B．comeout C．sellout D．workout参考答案：B3.Doyouknowthat_______withwisemenimprovesyourmind?A．chat

B．chats

C．chatted

D．chatting参考答案：D略4.Isthere

_______universitynearhere?A．a

B．an

C.the

D./参考答案：

A5.Mostofhismistakes_____outofhisnervousness,Iamsure.A.rose B.raised C.arose D.lifted参考答案：C6.Thoughheisamurderer,heshouldreceiveafair_______.

A.trial

B.experiment

C.doubt

D.test参考答案：A7.In____ofthedeadsoldiers,agrand____wasbuiltonthespotofthegreatcampaign.A.memory;memory

B.memorial;memorial

C.memorial;memory

D.memory;memorial参考答案：D8.Somestudentsareseriouslyillandtheycan’t____classforseveraldays.

A.give

B.attend

C.make

D.assume参考答案：B9.Hestoppedandturnedaround____Aeveryfewmeters

Beveryothermeters

CeverythirdmetersDeverythreemeter参考答案：A10.AtonetimeFrenchpeoplebannedborrowedwordsfromEnglishinordertokeeptheirlanguagepureand________.A.fluent B.various C.unique D.advanced参考答案：C【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：曾一时法国人禁止从英语中借用单词，以保持他们语言的纯净和独特性。A.fluent流利的；B.various各种各样的；C.unique独一无二的；D.advanced先进的，高级的。每个语言都有自己的独特性，所以法国人是要保持自己语言的纯净和独特性。故选C。11.---I’msorry.I_________atyoutheotherday.---Forgetit.Itwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshout

B.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout

D.mustn’thaveshouted参考答案：B12.Mum________tous，“Bequiet!Yourlittlesister’ssleeping．”

A.whispered

B.shouted

C.explained

D.replied

参考答案：A略13.Followyourdoctor’sadvice,______yourcoughwillgetworse.

A.or B.and C.then D.so参考答案：A14.Hehas______friends．Healwayskeepshimselfaloneathome.

A．fewB．afew

C．little

D．alittle参考答案：A略15.－Whatdoyouthinkofmynewdress?－________,Idon’tthinkthecolor1suitsyou.A.Asaresult

B.Tobehonest

C.Anyhow

D.However参考答案：B16.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen__________andseehim.\A.youwillcome

B.willyoucome

C.youcome

D.doyoucome参考答案：A二、完型填空17.WhenIwasinGermany,onedayatChristmas-timeIwenttoapostofficetosendaletter.Tomy___11___，Ifoundpeoplequeuing(排队)somepacesawayfromthepersonatthesavingsdepositwindow.Whyso?Eachdidhisbusiness__12___butthelinenevermovedastep__13___.Iwasverycurious,soIwalkedtothewindowtofindoutthecause.Therewasanoticeonwhichwaswritten“Thankyouforyour__14___forother'sprivacy（私隐）”—apolite__15___tokeeppeopleawayfromnosinginto(打听，探问)other's___16___(moneymattersareregardedasprivacyinWesterncountries).Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythe__17__andstayedawhiletowatch:theywerewaitingso__18__atadistancethattheyseemedquiteusedtothepractice.The__19__thinghappenedatapublictelephonebox.Thosewaitingfortheirturnsalwayskepttheirdistance—enoughtobeoutof__20__.It'sanothertypicalexample!FromthenonI__21__towatchtheirwaysofdoingthings,manners,treatmentshowntoothers.AndIfoundtheGermansalwaysmindfulofother'sprivacy.They___22____puttingothersinanembarrassing(窘迫)situation.Forinstance,theynever__23__aboutage,incomesortheplacetobuysuchacoat,norwouldtheycommentontheothersorjewelryotherswore.Theirlaws__24___readingdiariesoropeningletterswithoutpermission.Thatshows__25__mattersarenotallowedtobedisturbed．11.A.sorrow

B.anger

C.delight

D.surprise12.A．insecret

B.withcare

C.inturn

D.injoke13.A.slower B.nearer

C.farther

D.longer14.A.care

B.respect

C.help

D.search15.A.voice

B.advice

C.warning

D.sentence16.A.pockets

B.savings

C.needs

D.affairs17.A.word

B.sight

C.people

D.matters18.A.honestly

B.anxiously

C.nervously D.calmly19.A.interesting

B.strange

C.same

D.different20.A.sight

B.hearing

C.touch D.question21.A.wenton B.tookcare

C.paidattention D.tookcharge22.A.disliked

B.liked

C.loved

D.started23.A.asked

B.heard

C.worried D.learned24.A.appreciate B.stop

C.hate D.forbid25.A.public B.personal

C.small D.important参考答案：11-15DCBBC

16-20DBDCB

21-25BBADB三、阅读理解18.AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglysophisticated（先进的，尖端的）,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat（威胁）．Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmorals（道德）intoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren．"Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,"saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenfacedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声）,andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveismoral,andhowtocreateasetofethical（道德伦理的）rules．Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.8.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues？A.Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations．B.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior．C.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings．D.Byimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanbeings．9.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation？A.Keepadistancefrompossibledangers．B.Doenoughtestingbeforetakingaction．C.Startitsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce．D.Stoptogetadvicefromahumanbeing10.Whatisthemostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A.Determinewhatismoralandethical．B.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments．C.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction．D.Developamoresophisticatedprogram．参考答案：8.B

9.D

10.A【分析】本文属于说明文。文章开篇提到人工智能（AI）未来潜在的危险是可以通过编程避免的，由此展开对于如何避免人工智能（AI）的潜在危险的论述。笔者借由专家的角度表示了人类在为人工智能输入指令、甚至情感和价值观的时候，需要慎重。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior”可知，机器人通过从人类行为的海量数据中提取模式来学习人类的价值观，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据Unusualsituation定位到第九段，根据文章第九段中的“Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave，ithastheopportunitytostop，sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声），andaskfordirectionsfromahuman”可知，一个编程良好的机器人面对异常情况时会停下来想向人类寻求帮助。分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveismoral，andhowtocreateasetofethical（道德伦理的）rules．Butifwecomeupwithananswer，robotscouldbegoodforhumanity．”Butifwecomeupwithananswer，robotscouldbegoodforhumanity可知，当我们把人类的价值变成可编程的代码时，最难做的是确定什么是道德和伦理。故选A。【点睛】细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。如第2小题属于细节理解题。先看题干问“当面临一个非常规情景时，具有良好编程的机器人会怎么办”根据Unusualsituation定位到第九段根据文章第九段中的“Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave，ithastheopportunitytostop，sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声），andaskfordirectionsfromahuman”可知，一个编程良好的机器人面对异常情况时会停下来想向人类寻求帮助。分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because,since,as等；表转折关系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。19.Thereisastoryaboutamanwholosthislegsandleftarminanaccident.Aftertheaccident,onlyafingerandthumbonhisrighthandremained.Hewasabrilliant,creative,andeducatedman.Hehadgainedalotofexperiencewhiletravelingaroundtheworld,sohebecameverydepressedafterhisaccident.Hewasafraidthathewouldspendtherestofhislifesufferingandwouldnolongerbeabletospendhislifeinameaningfulway.Then,herealizedthathestillhadpartialfunctionofhisrighthandandcouldstillwriteeventhoughitwasverydifficult.Anideaoccurredtohim.“Whynotwritetootherpeoplewhoneedencouragement?”Hewrotetotheprisonministryaboutsendingletterstotheprisoners.Theprisonministerreplied,“Writingtotheprisonersisacceptable,butyourletterswillnotbeanswered.”Filledwithexcitement,themanknewhecouldwritehisletters.Hebegansendingone-waymessagesofGod’slove,hope,strength,andencouragement.Hewrotetwiceaweek,testinghisstrengthandabilitytothelimit.Hepouredhisheartandsoulintohiswordsandsharedhisexperience,senseofhumor,optimism,andfaith.Itwasdifficulttowritethoseletters,especiallywithouthopeofareply.Onedayhereceivedaletterfromtheprisonministry.Itwasashortnotefromtheofficerwhomonitoredandcheckedtheprisonmail.Thelettersaid,“Pleasewriteonthebestpaperyoucanafford.Yourlettersarepassedfromcelltocelluntiltheyliterallyfalltopieces!”Nomatterwhatcircumstanceslifemaypresent,weallhaveuniqueexperiences,abilities,andGod-giventalents.Wecandiscoverwaystoreachotherswhodesperatelyneedmessagesofencouragementandstrength.5.Accordingtotheprisonminister,

.A.themanwasnotallowedtowritetotheprisonersB.themancouldn’tgotoseetheprisonershimselfC.hewasnotsureiftheprisonerslikedreceivingthelettersD.theprisonerswerenotallowedtoanswertheletters6.Inordertoliveinameaningfulway,themanbeganto

.A.receivetheschooleducationB.meetthepeoplewhoaredepressedC.writetootherpeoplewhoneedencouragementD.helpotherpeoplewithlostarmsandlegs7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SpecialLettersofEncouragementB.PopularityofSpecialLettersC.StoriesaboutaHumorousPersonD.Lifeintheprison8.Fromtheofficer’sshortnotewearetoldthat

.A.themanwouldbeofferedfreepapertowritelettersonB.hisletterswereverypopularamongtheprisonersC.theprisonerseagerlywantedtowritebacktothemanD.so