第20讲七选五（原卷版）

第20讲七选五1．了解七选五的解题方法与技巧。2．进行七选五真题训练。七选五试题给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。解题技巧：（1）段首设空一般找能概括该段中心意思的选项。（2）段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。2.通过标点符号判断当设空处后为逗号且逗号后面的句子结构完整时，可判断该空应为状语从句。3.根据语境线索判断语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。（1）“词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现，而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。（2）“逻辑”指事物之间存在的必然的关系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。（3）“指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等，如it，he，she，they等。（4）“同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。（2023春·江苏宿迁·高二统考期中）Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.___1___Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.HurricaneWhenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.___2___Ifyoudon’thaveacar,makeplanstogowithfriendsorfamily.What’smore,it’sveryimportanttopayattentiontoallgovernmentwarningsbeforeandduringahurricane.WinterstormsAccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.___3___Besides,remembertodresswarmly,prepareforpoweroutages(断供期),andkeepaneyeoutforsignsofserioushealthconditions.Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.___4___Flood___5___Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床垫)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.Butbecarefulaboutgoinginsideanattic(阁楼).Youmayfindthatyoudon’thaveawaybackout.A．So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.B．That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.C．Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.D．Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.E．Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.F．Youcanseeifyourhomehasahighfloodriskthroughthefloodmaps.G．It’simportanttoensurethatallfamilymembers“knowtheplaninsideandout.”（2023春·江苏盐城·高二江苏省响水中学校考期中）HowtoStudyEffectivelyWithpressureandcompetitionrisingineducation,studentsnowadaysareeagertofindthebestmethodsortoolstoimprovetheiracademicscores.So,questionslike“Whatisthebeststudymethod?”or“HowcanIlearnknowledgefaster?”ariseintheirminds.____6____.PlaytheroleofateacherAusefulwaytorememberlessonsistoexplainthemaloudtoyourself.Onceyoulearnastudymaterial,trytoexplainittoyourselforyourfriendsasyourteachersexplainittoyou.Thiswillhelpyoutoclearyourconfusionrelatedtothelesson.____7____.Thiswillnotonlyhelpthedetailsstickinyourmindbuthelpyoutobewellpreparedforyourexams.____8____Manystudentsfaceachallengelike“Whycan’tIrememberwhatI’vestudied?”.____9____.Atiredbrainisabarriertolearning.Exercisebeforestudyinghelpstoliftyourmood.Infact,physicalactivityhelpswakeyouupsoyoufeelreadywhenyousitdownwithyourbooks.Absorbinformationinsmallerchunks(块)____10____:Youdividethe11numbersintothreesmallergroups.It’seasiertogetthesethreechunkstostickinyourmindthanitistorememberthewholethingasasinglestringofinformation.Youcanusethisstrategywhenstudyingbybreakingalistdownintosmallerparts.Workonmemorizingeachpartasitsowngroup.Lastbutnottheleast,thesetipsonhowtostudyeffectivelycanonlyworkifthereisenoughmotivationandwillpowertodowell.Youhavetomotivateyourselftoreachthestudygoals.A．WorkoutbeforestudyingB．YoucancallyourparentsforhelpC．StartwithyourtoughestassignmentsD．IthasalottodowiththebraingettingtootiredE．ThinkabouthowyoumemorizeaphonenumberF．ThefollowingaresomeofthebesttipsonhowtostudyeffectivelyG．Also,youcanaskyourselfquestionsjustlikeyourteacherswouldaskyou（2023春·江苏泰州·高二姜堰中学校考期中）Thefearofelevatorsisactuallyoneofthemostcommonphobias(恐惧症)experiencedtoday._____11_____Whencombinedwiththeseotherconditions,thefearofelevatorsishighlycommon,andusuallysuccessfullytreated._____12_____Somemaybefrightenedofbeingupsohigh.Othersmaybeafraidoftheenclosedspace.Stillothersareafraidtobeclosetootherpeople.Sincesomanypeoplesufferfromthefearofelevators,theremaybesupportgroupsinsomeareas.Thesearemostcommonincitieswithlotsoftallbuildingswhereridinganelevatorisalmostimpossibletoavoidinday-to-daylife._____13_____Usually,thefearofelevatorscanbetreated.Letsufferersvisualizeridinganelevatorandpicturetheaspectswhicharefrightening.Thentheymayberequiredtoinvolvethemselvesinthepartthatscaresthemmost.Forexample,someonewhoisafraidofheightsmaystartbyclimbingaladderoverandoveragain._____14_____Next,theymoveontoagreaterheight,suchasclimbingatree.Astheyexperiencegreaterandgreaterlevels,theirfearmaybecomelessened.Finally,theywillbeabletoenteranelevator.Sometimesjuststeppingintoitisastart._____15_____Thiswilllikelystillcauseanxietythefirstfewtimes.Buttheycanusemethodswhichworkwhenaccomplishingsmallergoals.Finally,aftermanyattempts,ridinganelevatormaynotcauseanxietyatall.A．Theycanstopthisprocesswhenitcauseslittleanxiety.B．Bynow,youhaveidentifiedwhatscaresyoumost.C．Atothertimes,theywillbeaskedtorideupafewflights.D．Sufferersgenerallyforcethemselvestofacetheirfears.E．Manyaspectsofridinganelevatormaycausefearinsufferers.F．Intheselocations,thefearofelevatorscanaffecteverydayactivities.G．Itmaypresentitselfincorrelationwithanotherfear,suchasthefearoflimitedspaces.（2023春·江苏南京·高二江苏省溧水高级中学校考期中）IsraeliCompanyDevelops3DPrintedBeefIftherewereanawardforthefunniestcompanynameof2022,thenthe3Dprintedmeatcompany“Steakholder”wouldwinthataward.IsraelicompanySteakholderFoodsLtd.hasintroduceditsnewproduct,OmakaseBeefMorsels,whicharebioprintedwithculturedmeat.Thebitesareinspiredbytheworld-famousWagyubeef,famousforitsfatmarblingpatterns(大理石花纹)inthemeat,whichisalsoveryexpensive.Thecompanywasformedin2019andhasanofficeinIsraelandBelgium,andisnowexpandingitsoperationstotheUS.___16___Stakeholderusesstemcellsfromcattlefortheproductionofitsprintedbeef,andthemuscletissueandfatareprintedfromtwoseparatebio-inks.___17___Abitecanbemadejuicier,chewier,andthetastecanalsobealtered.___18___Thecellsareselectedfromanimalsthatwillprovidethebestmeatandyield.Thenextstepisproliferation,inwhichthecellsareplacedintoanutrientrichreactortomultiply.Whenthecellsreachappropriatenumbers,thestemcellschangeintomusclecellsandfatcells.___19___“Thisproductmarksamajorstepforwardforusandfortheculturedmeatindustryingeneral,”saidArikKaufman,CEOofSteakholderFoods.“Itistheresultofalotofhardworkandourdesiretoachievethehighestlevelofmeatpossiblethroughbioprintingandcellcultureprocesses.”___20___Itspatentfor3D-bioprintingtechnologyistheresultofintensivecooperationbetweenits3Dprintingengineersandcellbiologists.“WeseeOmakaseBeefMorselsasthecombinationoffood,technologyandfineart,”Kaufmansaid.“Wewanttoinspirechefsaroundtheworldtocreatedeliciousmasterpiecesandunforgettablediningexperiences.”Sothereyouhaveit,guilt-freemeateatingmaybejustaroundthecorner.A．Thecompanyhasalreadyachievedseveralmilestonessinceitwasfounded.B．Itsgoalistocreatesustainablemeatproductstoreplacemeatssuchasbeef,chickenandevenfish.C．Thelayersofmeatandfatcanberegroupedindifferentproportionstocreatedifferentflavorexperiences.D．Additionally,producingmeatwithouthavingtoraiseandkillcattlemayworkoutbetterforensuringanimalwelfareandoverallhealth.E．Themeatproductisthefirstofitskindandwascreatedusingaspecific3D-bioprintingtechnologythatwasrecentlypatentedbythecompany.F．Inthefinalsteps,themusclecellsandfatcellsareturnedintomeat,readytobeprocessedintothefinalproduct,whetherit’saburger,steak,orevenameatloaf.G．Theprocessworksbyfirstselectingtheanimalstoextract(提取)thestemcellsfrom.（2023春·江苏南京·高二南京师大附中校考期中）Imaginethatasyouareboardinganairplane,halftheengineerswhobuilttheplanetellyouthereisa10percentchancetheplanewillcrash,killingyouandeveryoneelseonboard.Wouldyoustillboard?In2022,over700topacademicsandresearchersbehindtheleadingartificialintelligencecompanieswereaskedinasurveyaboutfutureAIrisk.Halfofthosesurveyedstatedthattherewasa10percentorgreaterchanceofhumanextinctionfromfutureAIsystems.____21____ThefearofAIhashauntedhumanitysincethemid-20thcentury,yetuntilrecentlyithasremainedadistantprospect,somethingthatbelongsinsci-fimorethaninseriousscientificandpoliticaldebates.____22____Itisevenhardertograspthespeedatwhichthesetoolsaredevelopingevenmoreadvancedandpowerfulcapabilities.Butmostofthekeyskillsboildowntoonething:theabilitytomanipulate(操纵)andgeneratelanguage,whetherwithwords,soundsorimages.Inthebeginningwastheword.____23____Fromlanguageemergesmythandlaw,goodsandmoney,artandscience,friendshipsandnations—evencomputercode.AI’snewmasteryoflanguagemeansitcannowhackandmanipulatetheoperatingsystemofcivilization.Whatwoulditmeanforhumanstoliveinaworldwherealargepercentageofstories,melodies,images,laws,policiesandtoolsareshapedbynon-humanintelligence?____24____Whathappenswhenthesamethingoccursinart,politics,andevenreligion?____25____Wearesurroundedbyculture,experiencingrealitythroughaculturalprism(棱镜).Ourviewsareshapedbythereportsofjournalistsandtheaccountsoffriends.Whatwillitbeliketoexperiencerealitythroughaprismproducedbynon-humanintelligence?ThetimetoreckonwithAIisbeforeourpolitics,oureconomyandourdailylifebecomedependentonit.A．Humansoftendon’thavedirectaccesstoreality.B．Languageistheoperatingsystemofhumanculture.C．Ingameslikechess,nohumancanhopetobeatacomputer.D．Bygainingmasteryoflanguage,AIisseizingthemasterkeytocivilization.E．Technologycompaniesarecaughtinaracetoputallofhumanityonthatplane.F．Forthousandsofyearswehumanshavelivedinsidethedreamsofotherhumans.G．It’sdifficultforhumanmindstograspthecapabilitiesofGPT-4andsimilartools.（2023春·江苏扬州·高二统考开学考试）HowtoMakeYourHolidayWonderfulDon’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?___26___1.Don’tForceCheerAtfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(赞美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.___27___Buta2011studybyresearchersatMichiganStateUniversitymightmakeyouthinktwice.Theyfolloweddozensofbusdriversfortwoweeks,lookingtoseewhentheyforceahappyfaceattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedthatondayswhenthedriverstriedtopretendtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse.2.Don’tSuppress(压制)SadnessTheresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.___28___Expressingoursadnesscanhelpusgetcomfortandcompassionfromthosewhocareaboutus.Bycontrast,suppressingouremotionscanactuallyharmourrelationships.3.RespondMindfully___29___Whenyourespondmindfullytoanemotionaltrigger(诱因),youpauseratherthanreacting.Insteadofblamingyourself,yousimplynoticewhatyou’refeelingwithoutjudgingthatresponseasrightorwrong.Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.___30___Inevitably,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows.Perhapsthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being.A．Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.B．Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.C．Sotryingtohidetheirfeelingsseemstoleadtoanoppositeresult.D．Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.E．Instead,ifproperlyunderstood,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.F．Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.G．That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.（2022秋·江苏连云港·高二统考期中）Whenwespeakofapersonbeingindependent,wemeanthatasapersonachievesadulthood,theybecomecapableofbeingindependent.Theprocessofbecomingindependentbeginsasayoungchild—theirlevelofindependenceincreasesastheypassthroughthevariousstagesofgrowingup.Weneedtodevelopindependenceineveryaspectofourlivessothatwecanearnaliving,developacareer,anddevelopapersonalphilosophy.____31________32____Everylifecoachandmotivationalspeakerstressestheimportanceofconfidencewhenyouseeksuccessinyourlife.

____33____Havingconfidencegivesyouapositiveoutlookonlife.Youaregoingtobewillingtodothingsonyourown,withoutneedingsupportorapprovalfromothers.Youwillnotneedtorelyonothers.Self-relianceisasignificantelementinbeinganindependentperson.Whenyoucanmakedecisionsforyourselfwithoutrelyingonotherstoapproveyourchoice,soyouareactingindependently.

____34____Thesearenotattractivefeaturesinsomeone’spersonalityandmightleadtolosingfriendsorupsettingcolleagues.Beingindependentmakesyouabetterdecision-maker.Ifyouaredependentonotherpeople,yourabilitytomakeclear,precisedecisionsisseverelyaffected.Youwillalwayshavetoconsidertheeffectthatyourchoiceswillhaveonthoseotherpeople.____35____Ifyouseeyourselfinapositivelight,thenyouwillhavegreaterbeliefinyourabilities.Inturn,thiswillgiveyoumoreconfidence,andyouwilltakeapositiveapproachtoworkingtowardsyourgoals.Thisiswhyindependenceisimportant.A．Independenceisaboosttoyourself-esteem.B．Beingindependentisaboosttoyourconfidence.C．Hereareseveralreasonswhyachievingindependenceisessential.D．Themoreindependentyouare,themoreconfidentyouwillbecome.E．Thelessindependentyouare,themorepositiveself-esteemyouwillhave.F．Beingindependentmeansyoucanmakedecisionswithoutfearoftheconsequences.G．Peoplewhorelyheavilyonothersforsupportareoftenseenasneedyanddemanding.（2023春·江苏徐州·高二统考期中）Inmywriting,Iadhere(遵守)tosomeessentialrules:understandingthemessageIwanttoconveyandtowhomIamcommunicating,andpresentingitinaclearandconcise(简洁的)manner.Whenmytargetaudienceismyprofessors,orwhenmywritingisexpectedtobereadbymystudents,Iadoptadifferentstyle.____36____Aclearmessageisnecessarytoavoidboringreadersorlosingyouraudience.____37____Itmattersinallformsofcommunication.Skilledspeakersandperformersinteractwiththeiraudienceanddelivertheirmessageeffectively.Incontrast,ineffectivecommunicationcanresultinalostmessage.Effectivecommunicationisarguablythemostcrucialskillyoucanlearninlife.____38____Forexample:imaginebeingascientistwhohasmadeagroundbreakingdiscovery.Ifyoucannotexplainyourworktoothersusingwords,howdifficultwoulditbetomime(比划着表达)yourfindings?Unfortunately,communicationskillsareoftenoverlookedineducation.Onthisaccount,manypeoplehaveexperiencedineffectivecommunicationatsomepointintheirlives,bothasthespeakerandtherecipient.____39____UniversitiesinChinaaretakingstepstoimprovecommunicationskills.Byprioritizingcommunicationskills,wecanhelpstudentsbecomebettercommunicators.Inconclusion,effectivecommunicationisvitalinallareasoflife,includingwriting,speaking,andperforming.____40____Withitwewillbemorelikelytosucceedinallaspectsoflife.A．Readerscaneasilygetbored.B．Understandingtheaudienceiscrucial.C．However,thereisgoodnewsonthehorizon.D．Effectivecommunicationisnotlimitedtowriting.E．Itisfundamentaltosuccessinmanyaspectsoflife.F．Greatideasareonlylimitedbyourabilitytoexpressthem.G．Itisaskillthatcanbelearnedanddevelopedthroughpractice.（2023春·江苏连云港·高二统考期中）Itisimpossibletohaveclearcommunicationwithoutclearthinking.HowcanIgiveyouaclearideaofsomethingifitisnotfirstclearinmyownmind?However,clearideasdonotguaranteeclearcommunication.ImayhaveaperfectlygoodideaofwhatI’mtryingtosay,butcan’tsucceedingettingmyideasacrossclearlyandeffectively.____41____Don’tthinkyouraudienceunderstandyourmeaningifnotmakingitexplicit.

Themorecomplicatedthesubjectmatterdealtwith,themoreimportantthispointis.____42____Itisnecessaryforacorrectunderstandingofthesubjectwe’respeakingon,butinfacttheaudiencemayknowlittleaboutthisinformation.Don’ttreatevaluativestatementsasiftheywerestatementsofobjectivefact.

“ThePearceBuildingisonthecornerofMainandAdams”isastatementofobjectivefact,andassuchitiseithertrueorfalse.“ThePearceBuildingisugly”isanevaluativestatement.____43____.Evaluativestatementsdonotlendthemselvestoasimpletrue-or-falseresponse.Truestatementsofobjectivefactarenotopentoargument;evaluativestatementsare.____44____InSpanish,doublenegativeshavetheeffectofstrengtheningthenegativeimportofasentence.InEnglish,doublenegativescanceleachotherout.____45____Toavoidthatconfusion,it’sbettertosay“Shewouldbewelcome”insteadofsaying,“Itisnotunlikelythatshewouldbewelcome.”A．Avoiddoublenegatives.B．Speakincompletesentences.C．ThatisbecauseI’mnotexpertinusingnegatives.D．Herearesomebasicguidelinesforeffectivecommunication.E．Andassuchitcombinesbothsubjectiveandobjectiveelements.F．Wesometimessupposethatanaudienceknowsbackgroun