考博英语翻译技巧

Five

Translation

Skills长句处理，拆分重组1.2.3.4.5.分译法断句增词译法转换法引申法先译从句，后译主句重新排序从引导词处切分句子1.长句处理，拆分重组适用范围:长复合句（由名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句中的一种或几种混合而成）使用步骤1.长句处理，拆分重组Either

party

could

terminate

the

contract

if

the

otherparty

fails

to

fulfill

or

perform

any

of

the

obligationshereunder

in

the

event

that

such

failure

remainsunremedied

60

days

after

the

service

of

the

written

noticeby

the

party

to

the

defaulting

party

specifying

the

failure

inquestion

and

requiring

it

to

be

remedied.1.长句处理，拆分重组①

Either

party

could

terminate

the

contract（双方中）任何一方可以终止合同②

if

the

other

party

fails

to

fulfill

or

perform

any

of

theobligations如果另一方未能履行义务③hereunder

in

the

event

that

such

failure

remainsunremedied

60

days依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的④after

the

service

of

the

written

notice

by

the

party

to

thedefaulting

party

specifying

the

failure

in

question

andrequiring

it

to

be

remedied.在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后1.长句处理，拆分重组④

Either

party

could

terminate

the

contract任何一方可以终止合同①

if

the

other

party

fails

to

fulfill

or

perform

any

of

theobligations如果另一方未能履行义务③hereunder

in

the

event

that

such

failure

remainsunremedied

60

days依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的②

after

the

service

of

the

written

notice

by

the

party

to

thedefaulting

party

specifying

the

failure

in

question

andrequiring

it

to

be

remedied.在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后1.长句处理，拆分重组①

if

the

other

party

fails

to

fulfill

or

perform

any

of

theobligations如果另一方未能履行义务②

after

the

service

of

the

written

notice

by

the

party

to

thedefaulting

party

specifying

the

failure

in

question

andrequiring

it

to

be

remedied.在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后③hereunder

in

the

event

that

such

failure

remainsunremedied

60

days依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的④

Either

party

could

terminate

the

contract任何一方可以终止合同1.长句处理，拆分重组Either

party

could

terminate

the

contract

if

the

otherparty

fails

to

fulfill

or

perform

any

of

the

obligationshereunder

in

the

event

that

such

failure

remainsunremedied

60

days

after

the

service

of

the

written

noticeby

the

party

to

the

defaulting

party

specifying

the

failure

inquestion

and

requiring

it

to

be

remedied.如果另一方未能履行义务，在收到一方给另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后，依此如果这种违约行为在60天内没有进行补救的，任何一方可以终止合同。如果一方未能履行义务，并在收到另一方详细阐明其违约行为并要求补救的书面通知后，(依此如果这种违约行为)在60天内仍未进行补救的，另一方可以终止合同。单词分译短语分译句子分译2.分译法将原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子将原文中一个短语分译成一个句子简单句的切分灵活处理复合句在从句连接处切分英语:形合,句子以SV结构为核心,通过逻辑连接词对非谓语动词、各种从句进行扩展和延伸。汉语:意合,句与句之间不需要形式连接,而是依靠总体意义进行融合。2.分译法People

everywhere

brag

and

whimper

about

the

woes

oftheir

early

years,

but

nothing

can

compare

with

the

Irishversion:

the

poverty;

the

shiftless

loquacious

father;

thepious

defeated

mother

moaning

by

the

fire;

pompouspriests,

bullying

schoolmasters;

the

English

and

all

theterrible

thing

they

did

to

us

for

800

long

years.(whimper:啜泣；loquacious:喋喋不休的)无论身在何地的人们总喜欢抽泣着夸谈他们早年受过的苦难，但是没有什么能够与爱尔兰人的经历相比：贫穷，好吃懒做喋喋不休的父亲，虔诚的被压垮的正在炉火边呻吟的母亲，自负的牧师，恃强凌弱的老师们，英格兰人在长达800年中对我们所做的一切。2.分译法虔诚的被压垮的正在炉火边呻吟的母亲自负的牧师贫穷

家庭一贫如洗好吃懒做喋喋不休的父亲父亲好吃懒做却喋喋不休虔诚的母亲被重负压垮,在火炉边呻吟牧师们自负傲慢恃强凌弱的老师们

老师们恃强凌弱英国人在长达800年中对我们所做的一切英格兰人在长达

800年中给我们带来无尽苦难2.分译法People

everywhere

brag

and

whimper

about

the

woes

oftheir

early

years,

but

nothing

can

compare

with

the

Irishversion:

the

poverty;

the

shiftless

loquacious

father;

thepious

defeated

mother

moaning

by

the

fire;

pompouspriests,

bullying

schoolmasters;

the

English

and

all

theterrible

thing

they

did

to

us

for

800

long

years.无论身在何地的人们总喜欢抽泣着夸谈他们早年受过的苦难，但是没有什么能够与爱尔兰人的经历相比：家庭一贫如洗；父亲好吃懒做却喋喋不休；虔诚的母亲被重负压垮，在火炉边呻吟；牧师们自负傲慢；老师们恃强凌弱；英格兰人在长达800年中给我们带来无尽苦难。3.断句增词译法As

a

result,

we

inherited

from

our

distant

ancestors

thetendency

(to

pay

greater

attention

to

the

unpleasant

andtroublesome

elements

of

our

surroundings,

to

largelyinsignificant

ones

like

nasty

anonymous

postings

in

aWeb

discussion.)结果,我们从遥远的祖先那里继承了一种（更加关注周围令人不愉快,带来麻烦的因素,以及大部分像在网上讨论低俗的匿名帖子那样无足轻重的事情的）倾向.3.断句增词译法适用范围：一个复杂的后置定语修饰名词步骤：①将句子从名词处断开，②增加适当过渡词语使名词与修饰语之间自然连接。As

a

result,

we

inherited

from

our

distantancestors

the

tendency

||to

pay

greater

attention

tothe

unpleasant

and

troublesome

elements

of

oursurroundings,

to

largely

insignificant

ones

like

nastyanonymous

postings

in

a

Web

discussion.结果,我们从遥远的祖先那里继承了这样一种倾向，即更加关注周围令人不愉快,带来麻烦的因素,以及大部分无足轻重的事情，比如网上讨论低俗的匿名帖子.3.断句增词译法练习:But

from

the

point

of

view

of

daily

life,without

goingdeeper,we

exist

for

our

fellow-men----in

the

first

place

forpeople

(on

whose

smiles

and

welfare

all

our

happinessdepends),and

next

for

all

those

unknown

to

us

personally(with

whose

destinies

we

are

bound

up

by

the

tie

ofsympathy.)从日常生活而非更深层次来看，我们是为同胞而活着----首先是这样一些人，我们的幸福全部取决于他们的微笑与幸福，其次是一些素不相识的人，我们的命运通过同情的纽带与他们相连。4.转换法转换法句子转换被动语态与主动语态的转换倒转语序与自然语序的转换正反译法的转换名词/介词/形容词/副词----动词动词与副词----名词与形容词词性转换名词----形容词/副词/词组形容词---名词/副词4.转换法I

am

strongly

drawn

to

the

simple

life

and

often

oppressed

by

thefeeling

that

I

am

engrossing

an

unnecessary

amount

of

the

labor

ofmy

fellow-men.

War

seems

to

me

a

mean,

contemptible

thing.

I

believethis

bogey

would

have

disappeared

long

ago,

had

the

sound

sense

ofthe

nations

not

been

systematically

corrupted

by

commercial

andpolitical

interests

acting

through

the

schools

and

the

Press.我一直被简单的生活所吸引，并且经常被一种感情所压抑着，那就是我觉得自己占有着太多我的同胞们的劳动成果。战争在我看来是卑劣、可耻的东西.我相信如果各个国家健全的理智没有系统地被商业和政治利益通过学校和媒体腐蚀的话，战争的妖魔早就不复存在了。被动—主动

名词—形容词我一直向往简单的生活，并且经常感到压抑，那就是我觉得自己占有着太多我的同胞们的劳动成果。战争在我看来是卑劣、可耻的.我相信如果商业和政治利益没有通过学校和媒体系统地腐蚀各个国家健全的理智的话，战争的妖魔早就不复存在了。5.引申法我国译论家认为：“词语的意义要受具体语境的影响和制约,

也就是说只有在具体语言环境中,才有可能确定其真正的细致的含义。词典里提供的种种解释往往缺乏应有的细节,那是一种概括的孤立的说明。”因此“翻译时为了符合实际的人物和情节,必须对词典里的措辞进行一定程度的改动或引申,即依顺该词的基本意义,紧扣具体语篇的实在情况,选择较为合适的汉语词语予以表达。”具体词义抽象化抽象词义具体化5.引申法I

live

by

the

rules

of

thumb.

Rules

of

thumb

aren’tgrand,

but

they

do

make

the

wheels

go

round.

In

myfamily,

since

I

am

the

oldest

among

seven

children,

Ilearned

that

anger

is

a

waste.

It

hurts

nobody

but

me.

Afit

of

the

sullen

got

short

shrift

in

our

house.

Andamong

seven

children

it

got

me

nowhere

since

three

O’cat

is

still

a

game.我一直遵循着经验法则。经验法则虽然很简单，但却能使事情正常运转下去。在我家里，因为我是七个孩子中最年长的。我发现生气是毫无意义的。它伤害不了任何人却只有我自己。在我家闷闷不乐不会有人理睬。在七个孩子中没有我他们照样玩。Five

Unsatisfying

Versions1.看他如今的作品,或浓墨重彩,恣肆汪漾;或青绿写意,画境幽邃;细微处,线条圆润，轻盈跳跃;粗放处,用笔练达,一气呵成.His

present

works

are

either

thick

and

heavy

incolor

or

bold

and

unrestrained

in

manner,

eitherin

impressionistic

style

or

in

profound

state.

Thedetails

feature

in

round

and

light

lines

while

thegeneral

in

fluent

and

coherent

manner.青绿写意？粗放处？一气呵成（to plish

something

at

one

go）?Five

Unsatisfying

Versions1.看他如今的作品,或浓墨重彩,恣肆汪漾;或青绿写意,画境幽邃;细微处,线条圆润，轻盈跳跃;粗放处,用笔练达,一气呵成.修改后版本：His

present

works

are

either

thick

and

heavy

incolor

or

bold

and

unrestrained

in

manner,

eitherin

impressionistic

style

with

a

dominant

green

orin

profound

state.

The

details

feature

in

smoothand

even

lines

while

the

bold

in

fluent

andcoherent

manner.Five

Unsatisfying

Versions2.

One

afternoon

a

few

summers

ago,

I

had

beenclearing

brush

in

the

mountains

for

several

hours

anddecided

to

reward

myself

with

lunch.

Sitting

on

a

log,

Iunwrapped

a

sandwich

and

surveyed

the

ruggedscenery.

Two

turbulent

streams

joined

to

form

a

clear,deep

pool

before

roaring

down

a

heavily

woodedcanyon.许多年前的一个夏天的一个下午，我在山上打理灌木林，干了几个小时以后我决定用午餐来犒劳自己。坐在一根圆木上面，我打开了一个三明治，开始欣赏这崇山峻岭的景色。两条湍急的溪流汇合在一起，形成了一个清澈幽深的水塘，接着又倾泻直下落入一个树木丛生的峡谷中。“clearing

brush”?“one

afternoon…for

several

hours…lunch”?Five

Unsatisfying

Versions2.

One

afternoon

a

few

summers

ago,

I

had

beenclearing

brush

in

the

mountains

for

several

hours

anddecided

to

reward

myself

with

lunch.

Sitting

on

a

log,

Iunwrapped

a

sandwich

and

surveyed

the

ruggedscenery.

Two

turbulent

streams

joined

to

form

a

clear,deep

pool

before

roaring

down

a

heavily

woodedcanyon.修改后版本：许多年前的一个夏天，我在山上打理灌木林，干了几个小时以后我决定用午餐来犒劳自己。我坐在一根圆木上面，打开了一个三明治，开始欣赏这崇山峻岭的景色。两条湍急的溪流汇合在一起，形成了一个清澈幽深的水塘，接着又倾泻直下落入一个树木繁茂的峡谷中。Five

Unsatisfying

Versions3.

浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼，自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映，素有

“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。Located

in

the

south

flank

of

Yangtze

Delta

insoutheast

China,

with

natural

landscape

shiningwith

historical

and

cultural

relics,

ZhejiangProvince

has

enjoyed

the

fame

of

“a

land

of

fish

andrice,”“the

home

of

silk

and

tea,”

“a

place

ofhistorical

relics”

and

“a

resort

for

tourism.”“乡”、“府”、“邦”、“地”分别用什么词区分？？？Five

Unsatisfying

Versions3.

浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼，自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映，素有

“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。修改后版本：A

coastal

province

located

in

the

south

flank

ofYangtze

Delta

in

southeast

China,

ZhejiangProvince,

where

natural

landscape

is

shining

withhistorical

and

cultural

relics,

has

enjoyed

the

fameof

“a

land

of

fish

and

rice,”

“the

home

of

silk

andtea,”

“a

place

of

historical

relics”

and

“a

resort

fortourism.”/

a

land

rich

in

fish

and

rice,

silk

and

tea,historical

relics

and

tourist

resorts.Five

Unsatisfying

Versions4.

The

light

from

the

street

lamp

on

the

corner

filtereddown

through

the

birch

trees,

casting

a

glow

as

green

asa

summer

memory

upon

the

winter-brown

back

yard.From

the

distance

came

the

endless

echo

of

thestoplight,

flashing

its

ruby

message,

teasing

like

a

dawnthat

would

not

come.街角的路灯光从桦树的缝隙里投射下来，如同冬日褐色的后院里记忆中夏日的翠绿。远处红色停车信号不停地闪烁着，发出红宝石般的颜色，像还没有到来的黎明一般。“glow

as

green

as

a

summer

memory

upon

the

winter-brown

back yard”?“echo”?“teasing”?Five

Unsatisfying

Versions4.

The

light

from

the

street

lamp

on

the

corner

filtereddown

through

the

birch

trees,

casting

a

glow

as

green

asa

summer

memory

upon

the

winter-brown

back

yard.From

the

dist