国开电大《管理英语 3》 期末机考题库

国开电大《管理英语3》期末机考题库综合版备注：适用于国开电大2023年期末机考。A - C 一 — FG 一 H — Isomebodythatdialedthew 一 一 一 JL N0floors.STW 一-YAwarning. thecommercialworld.C EFGHI - LJKleader.MmultinationalcorporaN0character.RSTonce. warming.UW project.YFloors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolscanbedisinfectedwithchemicalslikechlorine,iodineorbromine.Foodcontainersshouldbestoredabouthalfameteroffthegroundandabouthalfameterawayfromanywalls.Storageareasshouldbekeptdryandclean.Containersforrawmaterialssuchasrice,wheat,etc.shouldbekeptclosedandclean.Anyfoodstuffsplitduringdeliveryorhandlingshouldbeclearedupbothinsideandoutsidethebuilding.Pestsenterabuildingfromtheoutside,sopayattentiontoouterwalls.Smallstonescanbeusedtocoverthegroundandblockthegrowthofplantsandthegrassshouldbekeptshorttodenypestsaplacetolive.Supervisorsshouldmakealistofpestcontrolmeasurestobetakenbyemployees.Thiswillaidtheeffortsandalsohelpprepareforanyinspections.Inmostcountries,thereisafoodanddrugadministrationbureau,orsomeagencywithasimilarname,whichenforcesrulesnationwide,responsibleforrulesabouttheuseofpesticides,etc.However,businesseswherefoodisstored,preparedorsoldmustalsofollowstateandlocalhealthlaws.Mostofthesegovernmentaldepartmentsorbureaushavetheirwebsiteswithinformationaboutfoodsafetypoliciesandotherissues.Peoplecaneasilyaccesstheinformation.country.Musicisalsoanexpressionofthecomposer.Thecomposerexpresseshisownmusicalideas.Hestudiesthematerialsofmusicanddiscoverswaysofusingthem.Helooksfornewkindsofmusicalexpression.Floors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolscanbedisinfectedwithchemicalslikechlorine,iodineorbromine.Foodcontainersshouldbestoredabouthalfameteroffthegroundandabouthalfameterawayfromanywalls.Storageareasshouldbekeptdryandclean.Containersforrawmaterialssuchasrice,wheat,etc.shouldbekeptclosedandclean.Anyfoodstuffsplitduringdeliveryorhandlingshouldbeclearedupbothinsideandoutsidethebuilding.Pestsenterabuildingfromtheoutside,sopayattentiontoouterwalls.Smallstonescanbeusedtocoverthegroundandblockthegrowthofplantsandthegrassshouldbekeptshorttodenypestsaplacetolive.Supervisorsshouldmakealistofpestcontrolmeasurestobetakenbyemployees.Thiswillaidtheeffortsandalsohelpprepareforanyinspections.Inmostcountries,thereisafoodanddrugadministrationbureau,orsomeagencywithasimilarname,whichenforcesrulesnationwide,responsibleforrulesabouttheuseofpesticides,etc.However,businesseswherefoodisstored,preparedorsoldmustalsofollowstateandlocalhealthlaws.Mostofthesegovernmentaldepartmentsorbureaushavetheirwebsiteswithinformationaboutfoodsafetypoliciesandotherissues.Peoplecaneasilyaccesstheinformation.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowderofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasawbecauseitisveryhard.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoumaygetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourfighthandonly.Door-knockingisthemosteffectivewayofmakingface-to-facecommunitycontact,butithasbecomealostart.Withtherecentfocusoncustomerprivacy,door-knockingseemslikeanintrusionintootherpeople'slives.ButthosewhotryitforthesuggestionsthatwillhelpyoTheeasiestwaytododoor-knockingistotryyourlocalareafirst.Beinganeighborcreatesanimmediateconnectionwiththepersonansweringthedoor;afterthat,everythingelseiseasy.Ashortsurveyaboutlocalconcernsoracurrentprojectisagoodexcuse.Figureoutresponsesforvarioussituations.WhatifthepersonwhoanswersthedoorcannotspeakEnglish?Whatifachildanswersthedoor?ThebesttimestoknockareusuallySaturdays.Onotherdays,afterdinnerisideal.Whensomeoneanswersthedoor,smileandintroduceyourself;sayyouareavolunteerand,ifithelps,statewhereyoulive.Givethenameofyourorganizationand,briefly,thereasonforthevisit.introduce.HAnotherimportantelementofHRMinmanagingpeopleiskeepingtheemployeesinthecompany.Thetrainingofemployeestoenablethemtoimprovetheircareerdevelopmentisveryimportant.GoodHRMpoliciesensurethatthereareclearregulationswhichshowthepaylevelsforthedifferentpositionsinanorganization.Itisimportantforthestafftoknowthecareerpath,pay,trainingandotheropportunitiesthatareavailabletothem.PerformancemanagementisanotherimportantcomponentofHRM.Thereasonforthisisthatmanyemployersuseittoevaluatecareerimprovementandtodeterminepayincreases.theirgoals.ThefocusofHRMisthepeoplewithinanorganization.Regularplanning,monitoringandevaluationareimportantforthesuccessofHRM.Successfulmanagementensuresthatallemployeesknowtheirrole,careerdevelopmentandalsofeelpartofanorganization.increases.工I'mMichaelBush,ManagingDirectorofHoogleEngineering.IampleasedtowelcomeyouheretoourwebsiteandI'dliketotellyoualittleaboutthecompanyanditsorganization.HoogleEngineeringwassetupin1960.Itwasdividedintoseveraldepartmentsatthattime,suchasthesalesdepartment,marketingdepartment,andproductiondepartment.Lotsofmanagerswereemployedtomanageitall.Fortunatelythingsaredifferentnow.SixtypeopleareemployedbyHoogleandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsisconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantaspectsofthebusiness.Themarketisglobalsoweneedtomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide,notjustlocally.day.Thenyoumoveduptothemiddlemanagement,whoweredoingthetasksofgettingnewbusiness,andthenyouhadtheseniormanagementteam,andthenyouhadtheboard,whodecidedthebusinessstrategy.Sotherewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddaysactually.I'mMichaelBush,ManagingDirectorofHoogleEngineering.IampleasedtowelcomeyouheretoourwebsiteandI'dliketotellyoualittleaboutthecompanyanditsorganization.HoogleEngineeringwassetupin1960.Itwasdividedintoseveraldepartmentsatthattime,suchasthesalesdepartment,marketingdepartment,andproductiondepartment.Lotsofmanagerswereemployedtomanageitall.Fortunatelythingsaredifferentnow.SixtypeopleareemployedbyHoogleandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsisconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantaspectsofthebusiness.Themarketisglobalsoweneedtomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide,notjustlocally.Butintheolddayswewereallindifferentdepartmentsandneverspoketoeachother.Wehadatallstructure.Traditionallywehadpeopleatthefirstlevelontheshopfloor,manufacturingproductsaccordingtotheinstructionswhichtheyweregiven.Thenyouhadasupervisorylevelofpeoplewhosupervisedthemeveryday.Thenyoumoveduptothemiddlemanagement,whoweredoingthetasksofgettingnewbusiness,andthenyouhadtheseniormanagementteam,andthenyouhadtheboard,whodecidedthebusinessstrategy.Sotherewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddaysactually.MMostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel.Hewasagreatscientistandinventorhimself.Besides,hehadabigbusiness.Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomethingthatsurprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?ThoughAlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.HewasoneoftherichestinEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund,Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.WeknowthemastheNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthewinnerstobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountrytheycamefrom.AlfredNobelhadgivenhiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,buthelefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.0Whenyouaresmall,itisfuntostaywithyourgrandparentsbecausetheyalwaysletyoudothingsyoucan'tdoathome,andofcourse,theybuyyouthings.Theyarealwaysabletobaby-sitbecausetheydon'tgooutmuchandactuallyprefertoseetheirgrandchildren.Theyareusuallygoodforasmallloannowandthenthatdoesnotneedtobepaidbackbecausetheyturneditintoagift.Yourespectfullylistentotheiradvicebutdonotfollowitbecausetheyareoldanddonotunderstandhowthingsareinthisdayandage.Youthankthempolitelyforwhattheydoforyou,andthendonotcallorvisitthemuntilyouneedsomethingelse.And,ofcourse,younevertellthemhowdeartheyaretoyoubecausetheyknowhowyoufeelaboutthemanyway.Thenallofasudden,theyarenolongertheretodothethingsthatonlygrandparentscando,andyoufindyourselfwishingthatyouhadtoldthemwhattheymeanttoyouaspeopleandnotasgrandparents.Ofcourse,FatherChristmasisn'treal.InJimandKate'shouse,"FatherChristmas"isreallyMrGreen.MrGreendoesn'tclimbdownthechimney.Hewaitsuntilthechildrenareasleep.Thenhequietlygoesintotheirbedroomsandfillstheirstockingswithsmallpresents.Whentheywereveryyoung,MrGreensometimesworearedbeds.QPoints'havebecomethebibleforqualitycontrolspecialists.Whenthepost-warworldreturnedtoregularmanufacturing,Demingsaidthatinspectingproductqualityaftertheyweremadewasunacceptable.Instead,heproposedaprocessknownas'statisticalqualitycontrol'.Itwouldusecloselymonitoredperformancemeasurestocontrolqualitywhileaproductwasbeingmade.Thegoalofstatisticalqualitycontrolwastogatherdatathatwouldallowfortheconstantimprovementofmanufacturingprocesses.Thiswouldinturnimprovequalitycontrol.sicknessinAmericanindustryandtheresultingunemploymentisafailureoftopmanagementtomanage.'Hebelievedthatstrongleadershipledtoamotivatedworkforce.Ifstrongleadershipisthetermformanagersinaqualityenvironment,thenempowermentisthekeyconceptforworkersinDeming'ssystem.Improvededucationandtrainingarekeyfactorsinreachingemployeesandmakingthemimprovingquality.Involvement,participation,andteamworkareseenasabsoluteJapanesefactorydoubledproductioninjustoneyearandwasexpectingtogainanadditional25percentimprovementthefollowingyear,withnoincreaseintheamountofworkinghours.Allthishappenedasaresultofsimplyimprovingquality.Itwasinthelate1970sthatAmericanmanufacturingfactoriesrealizedthatqualityweretakingoverlargeportionsoftheAmericanconsumermaTTominimizetrafficjamsinthecitycenterandonmajorroadsoutofSydney,theCity'shighwaydepartmentwillnotagreetoroadclosuresscheduledforweekdaysorSaturdays.Onminorroadsoutsidethecitycenter,weekdaysandSaturdaysmaybeconsidered.Youmustapplyforapprovaltodoroadworkandotherroad-relatedactivities,treecuttinganduseofverylargeconstructionmachinery,ladders,etc.Pleasenotethatapprovalisneededifyouplantoblocktheroadorfootpath.ApplicationstohavearoadclosedtotrafficmustbecompletedandsenttotheDepartment'sTrafficCalmingCommitteeatleastamonthbeforethescheduleddate.Roadscanbeclosedpartiallyorfully,dependingonyourrequirements.Partialroadclosuresareonlyallowedinlighttrafficareaswheretherewillbeatleast1lanefortrafficwithextratrafficcontrolmeasurestomakesure2-waytrafficcancontinuetorunforthedurationofthework.Anychangeoftrafficflowwillrequiretheproposaltobetreatedasafullroadclosure.Forfurtherinformationaboutapartialroadclosure,pleaserefertoContacts.Ifyouareorganizingaparade,marchorothertypeofstreet-basedevent,approvalisalsorequiredandwerecommendyouchooseoneofour4preferredroutes.Choosinganexistingroutereducestheamountofplanningyouwillneedtodo.date.The2014EbolaoutbreakisthelargestinhistoryandthefirstEbolaoutbreakinTestAfrica.Althoughthecurrentepidemicdoesnotcauseasignificantrisktoothernations,manycountries,includingChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,haveactuallybeenworkingcloselywiththeEbolahitstates.Forexample,theUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)istakingprecautionsathomebesidesitsactivitiesabroad.CDCAtlantaheadquarters.Together,theyoffercontinuoussupporttosavelivesandprotectpeople.CDCworkscloselywithanumberofUSgovernmentagencies,nationalandinternationalpartners.CDC'sexperienceofworkingwithEbolaisimportanttotheWorldHealthOrganization'sgrowingWestAfricaEbolaresponse.OnSept.2,2014,CDCDirector,TomFriedencalledformoreinternationalpartnerstojointhiseffort."ThesoonertheworldcomestogethertohelpWestAfrica,thesaferweallwillbe.Weknowhowtostopthisoutbreak.Thereisawindowofopportunitytodoso-thechallengeistoscaleupthemassiveresponseneededtostopthisoutbreak."CDC'sresponsetoEbolaisthelargestinternationaloutbreakresponseinCDC'shistorywithover100diseasespecialistsonthegroundinWestAfrica,supportedbyhundredsofpublichealthemergencyresponseexpertsstateside,activatedatLevel1,itshighestlevel,becauseofthesignificanceofthisoutbreak.EffortsinWestAfricatoidentifythoseinfectedandtrackpeoplewhohavecomeintocontactwiththemareimproving.TheCDCisoperatingandsupportinglabsintheregiontoimprovediagnosisandtestingsamplesfrompeoplewithsuspectedEbolafromaroundtheworld.patienttreatment.Withtherapidglobalizationoffoodproductionandtrade,internationalissuesrelatedtofoodsafetyarelikelytoincrease.Foodsafetyauthoritiesallovertheworldhaverealizedthatfoodsafetyproblemsshouldbecarriedoutatbothnationalandinternationallevels.Thereisapressingneedforexchangingroutineinformationonfoodsafetyissues,andsharingexperiencesandinformationquicklywhenafoodsafetyrelatedeventtakesplace.INFOSANisajointprogrambetweentheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)andtheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO).Thisglobalnetworkincludes181MemberStates.EachhasadesignatedINFOSANEmergencyContactPointwhichmanagescommunicationbetweennationalfoodsafetyauthorities.Thenetworkaimsto:INFOSANhelpsexchangefoodsafetyinformationandexperienceamongitsmembers.ItisalsoausefulresourceforotherpublichealthorganizationswhichrecognizeINFOSANasanorganizationthroughwhichfindingsofinvestigationsandstrategiesforimprovingfoodsafetymaybeshared.INFOSANmonitorspossibleinternationalfoodsafetyrelatedeventsinclosecooperationwiththeWHOAlertandResponseOperationsprogram.INFOSANcanworkwithotherinternationalorganizationstoprovideassistancetothecountriesorregionswithemergingfoodsafetyeventsofpossibleinternationalconcern.Plansfor45roadswithintheCBDhavebeenapproved,measuring41.5kilometersintotal.Inadditiontopublicbuses,freeorlowpriceshuttlebusesfromresidenceareastosubwaystationswillalsobeprovidedforcommuters.Thisisjustoverfourtimesthenumberofroadsopenedin2007,andwilladdanother15.5kmtotheexistingroadnetwork.Thecityhasalsoinvested140millionyuantosetupatrafficinquirysystem,throughwhichthepubliccanchecktrafficconditionsonlineandseethemostconvenientroutesontheirGPSsystem.Inthefuture,theCBDwillbefullycoveredbyanintelligenttrafficcontrolsystem.short-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbuildonthefoundationoftheshort-termgoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrows,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-termgoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.TominimizetrafficjamsinthecitycenterandonmajorroadsoutofSydney,theCity'shighwaydepartmentwillnotagreetoroadclosuresscheduledforweekdaysorSaturdays.Onminorroadsoutsidethecitycenter,weekdaysandSaturdaysmaybeconsidered.Youmustapplyforapprovaltodoroadworkandotherroad-relatedactivities,treecuttinganduseofverylargeconstructionmachinery,laddersetc.Pleasenotethatapprovalisneededifyouplantoblocktheroadorfootpath.ApplicationstohavearoadclosedtotrafficmustbecompletedandsenttotheDepartment'sTrafficCalmingCommitteeatleastamonthbeforethescheduleddate.2-waytrafficcancontinuetorunforthedurationofthework.Anychangeoftrafficflowwillrequiretheproposaltobetreatedasafullroadclosure.Forfurtherinformationaboutapartialroadclosure,pleaserefertoContacts.Ifyouareorganizingaparade,marchorothertypeofstreet-basedevent,approvalisalsorequiredandwerecommendyouchooseoneofour4preferredroutes.Choosinganexistingroutereducestheamountofplanningyouwillneedtodo.WnotthetotalrevenuethatcomesinWhenyouhavedeterminedmoneywillgo.Afteryouknowthetotalamountavailabletospendonmarketing,thenextstepishowyouplantospendthatmoney.Threemainfactorsdecidehowyouspendmarketingfunds:thebudgetamount,yourpastexperiences,andwhereyoucanreachtherightaudience.Youwillstartorganizinghowtospendthefundsbasedontheamount.Besides,youneedtoconsiderthestrategiesthathaveworkedinthepast.Also,youneedconsiderwhichmarketingchannelswillallowyoutoreachtherightaudience.Step3:AssessdataandmakeappropriatechangesThefinalstepinbuildingagoodmarketingbudgetistheanalysis