2021-2022学年安徽省六安市田家炳实验中学高一英语下学期期末试卷含解析

2021-2022学年安徽省六安市田家炳实验中学高一英语下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.---Goodbye,Joyce.Pleaseremembermetoyourparents.---_________.A.Thanks,Iwill

B.It’sverykindofyoutosayso

C.Mypleasure

D.Whatagoodidea参考答案：A2.---I’mafraidIhavenotimetogo高考资源网首发----Thatareaissoimportant______youshouldvisitit.A.as

B,that

C.which

D.where参考答案：B3.Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandfather?_____threedays.A.Each

B.Every

C.All

D.Another参考答案：B4.Nothavingagoodseat,theboyclimbedtothetopofthetreetohaveagood______ofthematch. A.view

B.sight

C.scenery

D.scene参考答案：A5.Ipaid10for_________thismorningA.fourbottlemilksB.fourbottlesofmilkC.fourbottlesofmilksD.fourmilk参考答案：B【详解】考查名词单复数。句意：今天早晨，我花十元钱买了四瓶牛奶。bottle被four修饰，用名词复数，milk是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故选B。6.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_____carsin2010astheyearbefore.A．astwicemany

B．asmanytwice

C．twiceasmany

D．twicemanyas参考答案：C7.Thegovernmenthastoclosethosesmallfactoriestopreventthewateroftheriver______.A.polluting B.frompolluting C.beingpolluted D.polluted参考答案：C8.Hurryup!Thetrain______.Youknowit_______at9:00am.

A.leaves;leaves

B.isleaving;leaves

C.leaves;isleaving

D.isleaving;isleaving参考答案：B9.Jack_________thebuttononthecomputerbeforewecouldstophim.A.haspressed

B.waspressingC.willpress

D.hadpressed参考答案：D10.---It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

---______.

A.Yes,takeiteasy

B.Well,Itjustdepends

C.OK,justincase

D.Allright,you’rewelcome参考答案：C略11.

You____television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?

A.alwayswatch

B.arealwayswatching

C.havealwayswatched

D.havealwaysbeenwatching参考答案：B12.Thethiefwhowasputin_____prisonhad_____feelingofguilt.A.the;a

B.不填;the

C.the；不填D.不填;a参考答案：D13.It’sreportedthatthedegreeofwealthconcentrationinChinahas_________byathirdinthepast35yearsandnowislargerthan_________oftheUS.A.risen;that

B.risen;whatC.raised;that

D.raised;what参考答案：A考查动词和that用法。that/those在比较级中用来代替前面出现的同类比较对象，that指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，that指代上文提到的thedegreeofwealthconcentration

concentration

n

集中，聚集，集合，浓度；concentrationonsth/doingsth全神贯注于；wealthconcentration财富集中；GiniIndex基尼指数

译文：据基尼指数显示，过去35年来，中国的财富集中度增长了三分之一，如今比美国还高。根据句意可知选A。【名师点睛】one可单泛（即上文提到的可数名词，单数，表泛指）that可单特或不可数名词（即上文提到的可数名词，单数，表特指或不可数名词）those可复特（即上文提到的可数名词，复数，表特指）it指上文提到的同一事物或同一情况。14.Aftertwodays,ourfood_______,andwehadtoreturntothecamp.A.gaveup

B.gaveaway

C.gaveout

D.gavein参考答案：C15.Itdoesn’tmatter______youturnleftorrightatthecrossing－bothroadsleadtothepark.A.whether

B.that

C.how

D.when参考答案：A16.AnnewasaJewishgirl_____diaryhasbeenreadwidelyallovertheworld.A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.that参考答案：C二、完型填空17.“NatureandNurture”Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed.However,itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____41____.Socialscientistsareofcourse____42____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____43____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____44____ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(争论)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”.Thosewho____45____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____46____determinedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____47____tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____48____.Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____49____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely_____50_____bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto_____51_____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare_____52_____.IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,_____53_____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame_____54_____thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact,itisquite_____55_____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.41.A.sensitive

B.productive

C.competitive

D.aggressive42.A.moderately

B.extremely

C.reluctantly

D.scarcely43.A.distinct

B.reliable

C.relevant

D.equal44.A.objectors

B.operators

C.opponents

D.advocates45.A.claim

B.support

C.resolve

D.inherit46.A.completely

B.largely

C.thoroughly

D.merely47.A.sensitive

B.open

C.central

D.subject48.A.abilities

B.capacities

C.personalities

D.instincts49.A.experts

B.scientists

C.environmentalists

D.behaviorists50.A.shaped

B.dominated

C.oppressed

D.restricted51.A.environmental

B.biological

C.genetic

D.psychological52.A.temporary

B.slight

C.fatal

D.far-reaching53.A.onthecontrary

B.asawhole

C.afterall

D.forinstance54.A.habits

B.responses

C.characteristics

D.advantages55.A.necessary

B.impossible

C.unreasonable

D.likely参考答案：41.C

42.B

43.A

44.D

45.B

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.D

50.A

51.A

52.D

53.A

54.B

55.D本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人的个性和智力是先天形成的还是受环境影响的两种理论。【41题详解】考查形容词。A.sensitive敏感的；B.productive多产的；C.competitive竞争的；D.aggressive侵略性的，有进取心的。根据orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris____1____与前面的whyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot是并列的，根据前面的句子可知，anotheris____1____空格处填的是与前面cooperative相对的词，故选C。【42题详解】考查副词。A.moderately适度地；B.extremely极其，非常；C.reluctantly不情愿地；D.scarcely几乎不，简直不。根据Socialscientistsareofcourse____2____interestedinthesetypesofquestions.可知，社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词。A.distinct明显的；B.reliable可靠的；C.relevant相关的；D.equal平等的。根据Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo____3____schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.可知，目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。结合句意可知答案为A。【44题详解】考查名词。A.objectors反对者；B.operators操作者；C.opponents对手；D.advocates提倡者。根据Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween____4____ofeachtheory.可知，正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论。根据文中的debate可知，应该是“支持者”之间的争论，故选D。【45题详解】考查动词。A.claim要求，声称；B.support支持；C.resolve溶解；D.inherit继承。根据Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。根据文中的believe可知，这里应该是指“支持者”，结合句意可知答案为B。【46题详解】考查副词。A.completely完全地；B.largely主要地，大部分；C.thoroughly彻底地；D.merely仅仅，只不过。根据Thosewho____5____the“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare____6____determinedbybiologicalfactors.可知，那些支持冲突“本性”一面的人认为，我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的。结合句意答案为B。【47题详解】考查形容词。A.sensitive敏感的；B.open公开的；C.central中心的；D.subject服从的。根据Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehaviouris____7____tothistheory.可知，我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这对这一理论是极为重要的。becentralto“对……极为重要的”，故选C。【48题详解】考查名词。A.abilities能力；B.capacities性能；C.personalities人格，个性；D.instincts本能。根据Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour____8____.可知，极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。byourinstincts“通过我们的本能”，故选D。【49题详解】考查名词。A.experts专家；B.scientists科学家；C.environmentalists环保人士；D.behaviorists行为主义者。根据Supportersofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,____9____,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.可知，“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要。故选D。【50题详解】考查动词。A.shaped发展，成形，塑造；B.dominated控制，统治；C.oppressed压迫，折磨；D.restricted限制。根据Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely____10____bytheirsurroundings.可知，行为学家B.F.Skinner认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。此处shape的意思是“塑造，成形”，故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词。A.environmental环境的；B.biological生物的；C.genetic遗传的；D.psychological心理学的。根据Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto____11____stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.可知，他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础。故选A。【52题详解】考查形容词。A.temporary临时的；B.slight轻微的；C.fatal致命的，重大的；D.far-reaching深远的。根据Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare____12____.可知，在社会和政治上，这两种理论的影响是深远的。故选D。【53题详解】考查词组。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asawhole总的来说；C.afterall毕竟，终究；D.forinstance例如。根据Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词。A.habits习惯；B.responses回应；C.characteristics特性；D.advantages优势。根据Behaviorists,____13____,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesame____14____thatwhitesdo.可知，相反，行为主义者认为，分数上的差异是由于这样一个事实，即黑人常常被剥夺了白人享有的许多教育和其他环境方面的优势，因此，他们的反应与白人不同。故选B。【55题详解】考查形容词。A.necessary必要的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.likely很可能的。根据Asamatteroffact,itisquite____15____thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.可知，事实上，我们行为的关键很可能就在这两个极端之间，争议肯定会持续很长一段时间。固定句式：Itislikelythat…，“很可能”，故选D。三、阅读理解18.__11__

Ifyouuseitoftenandintherightways,youwillbecomeamoreskilledthinkerandyourabilitytofocuswillincrease.Butifyouneveruseyourbrain,orabuseitwithharmfulchemicals,yourabilitytothinkandlearnwilldecrease.Herearesomesimplewaysthatmayhelpyou.__12__Don'tyoufeeldrained(劳累)afteracoupleofhoursofwatchingTV?Youreyesaresoreandtiredofbeingfocusedonthelightboxforsolong.Whenyoufeellikerelaxing,tryreadingabookinstead.Ifyou'retootired,listentosomemusic.Whenyou'rewithyourfriendsorfamily,leavethetubeoffandhaveaconversation.Allofthesethingsuseyourmindmorethantelevisionandallowyoutorelax.Exercise.IusedtothinkthatI'dlearnmorebynotexercisingandusingthetimetoreadabookinstead.__13__

Itimprovesproductivity(生产力)duringthetimeafterwards.Usingyourbodyclearsyourheadandcreatesawaveofenergy.Afterwards,youcanconcentrate(专注)moreeasily.Readchallengingbooks.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourthinkingandwritingability,youshouldreadbooksthatmakeyoufocus.ReadingaclassicnovelcanchangeyourviewoftheworldandwillmakeyouthinkinmoreelegantEnglish.

__14__

Rereaditwhennecessary,andyou'llsoongrowaccustomed(习惯)totheauthor'sstyle.Earlytobed,earlytorise.__15__

You'llbethemostenergeticifyougotobedearlyanddon'tsleepformorethan8hours.Inmyexperiencetheearlymorninghoursarethemostproductive.Ifyouhavetheopportunity,takea10-20minutenap(小憩)whenyouarehitwithawaveofdrowsiness(睡意)．A.Takeatimetoreflect.B.Reducetelevisionwatching.C.Spendingsometimealonewillbehelpful.D.Yourbrainneedsexercisejustlikeamuscle(肌肉)．E.Don'tbeafraidtolookupawordifyoudon'tknowit.F.Nothingmakesithardertoconcentratethansleeploss.G.ButIrealizedthattimespentexercisingalwaysleadstogreaterlearning.参考答案：DBGEF19.OneeveningIwasgoingbackfromasupermarket.AsIwasapproachingmycar,Inoticedthatsomepersoncameandstoodbesideme.Hewastheonethatcouldbeconsideredasabum.Itseemedthathehadnocar,nohomeandnojob.Ithoughtthathewouldaskmeformoney,buthedidnotdothat,heonlysaid:“Yourcarisverynice”.Afterseveralmomentsofsilence,Ireplied:“Thanks”,andthentheinnervoicetoldme,“Askhimifheneedshelp”.AfterashorthesitationIaskedhimifheneededanyhelp.Hisresponsewasastonishing.IwillneverforgetthosesimplethreewordsthatIheardfromhim:—“Don’tweall?”Itwasatruediscoverytome.Ineededhelp.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplacetosleep,IrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.ThenIopenedmywalletandgavehimenoughmoneytogetamealandsomeshelterforaday.SuddenlyIunderstoodthatnomatterhowmuchmoneywehave,weallneedhelp.Ontheotherhand,nomatterhowpooryouareandhowmanymaterialproblemsyouhave,youstillmightofferyourhelptoothersandyoustillmightbegiving.Evenit’sjustaniceword,youcangivethatanditcanbepricelesstootherpersons.Maybethatmanwasjustahomelessstranger,buttomehewasmorethanthat.MaybehewassentbytheHighestLovingPowerpersonallytometoopenmyeyesandtoshowmethatthereisonething,amongallothervalues,whichisveryimportantandirreplaceableforeachandeveryperson.Actually,itisatruegiftanditiscalledGiving.24.Theunderlinedword“bum”inParagraph1canbeaperson_______.A.whoneeds