2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点中学高二（下）第二次月考英语联考试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年江苏省常州重点中学高二（下）第二次月考英语联考试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ATheterm"seal"isoftenusedtorefertobothsealsandsealions，butthereareseveralcharacteristicsthatsetsealsandsealionsapart.

SealsandsealionsarebothintheorderCarnivoraandsuborderPinnipedia，thustheyarecalled"pinnipeds."Pinnipedsaremammalsthatarewell-adaptedforswimming.Theyusuallyhaveastreamlinedbarrelshape（桶形）andfourflippersattheendofeachlimb（四肢）.Theyalsogivebirthtoliveyoungandnursetheiryoung.Pinnipedsareprotectedbyathicklayeroffatundertheirskinandfurtokeepthemwarminwater.Therearethreefamiliesofpinnipeds：thePhocidae，theearlessortrueseals；theOtariidae，theearedseals，andtheOdobenidae，thewalruses.

CharacteristicsofPhocidae（EarlessorTrueSeals）

Earlesssealshavenovisibleearflaps，althoughtheystillhaveears，whichmaybevisibleasadarkspotorsmallholeonthesideoftheirhead.

"True"seals：

Havenoexternalearflaps.

Swimwiththeirhindflippers.Theirhindflippersalwaysfacebackwardandarefurred.

Havefrontflippersthatareshort，furryandthickinappearance.

Canbefoundinbothmarineandfreshwaterenvironments.

CharacteristicsofOtariidae（EaredSeals，IncludingFurSealsandSeaLions）

Oneofthemostnoticeablefeaturesofearedsealsistheirears，buttheyalsomovearounddifferentlythantrueseals.

Earedseals：

Haveexternalearflaps.

Areonlyfoundinmarineenvironments.

Swimwiththeirfrontflippers.Unlikeearlessseals，theirhindflipperscanturnforward，andtheyareabletowalk，andevenrun，ontheirflippers.The"seals"youmayseeperformingatmarineparksareoftensealions.

Maygatherinlargergroupsthantrueseals.Sealionsaremuchmorevocalthantrueseals，andmakeavarietyofloud，barkingnoises.

CharacteristicsofWalruses

Wonderingaboutwalruses，andhowtheydifferfromsealsandsealions？Walrusesarepinnipeds，buttheyareinthefamily，Odobenidae.Oneobviousdifferencebetweenwalruses，sealsandsealionsisthatwalrusesaretheonlypinnipedswithtusks—apairoflongpointedteeth.Thesetusksarepresentinbothmalesandfemales.

Otherthantusks，walruseshavesomesimilaritiestobothsealsandsealions.Liketrueseals，walrusesdon'thavevisibleearflaps.But，likeearedseals，walrusescanwalkontheirflippersbyrotatingtheirhindflippersundertheirbody.1.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpinnipedsistrue？______A.Pinnipedsaregoodswimmers.

B.Pinnipedsareafraidofcoldweather.

C.PinnipedsareofthePhocidaefamily.

D.Sealsandsealionsarepinnipeds，whilewalrusesarenot.2.Onewaytodistinguishasealionandatruesealisthat______.A.thesealioncannotplayball

B.thetruesealcannothearwell

C.thesealiondoesn'thaveearflaps

D.thetruesealcan'twalkwithhindflippers3.Whichofthefollowingpicturebestillustratesawalrus？______A. B.

C. D.BChatGPTbecamethehottestissueduetoitsabilitytoproducehuman-soundingessays，poetry，andscreenplaysonvirtuallyanysubjectinseconds.SoonafterChatGPTwasreleased，thepotentialforittobemisusedtodothingssuchasspreadmisinformationandwritejunkmailsbecameapparent.Schoolsandeducatorsalsohavewarnedofthepotentialforstudentstouseittowriteessaysorotherworktheyhavebeenassigned.LastDecember，thesoftwarepassedallthreepartsoftheU.S.MedicalLicensingExaminationaspartofaresearchexperiment.

Sothestartup，OpenAIbehindtheviralchatbot，revealedatoolfordetectingtextgeneratedbyartificialintelligenceamidgrowingconcernsthetechnologywillbeabusedbycheaters，junkmailsendersandothers.OpenAIsaidthatitsso-calledAIclassifierwasdesignedtohelppeopledistinguishbetweentextwrittenbyahumanversusarangeofartificialintelligenceprograms—notjustChatGPT.

OpenAIsaidithadschoolsinmindwhendevelopingitslatestclassifiertool."WerecognizethatidentifyingAI-writtentexthasbeenanimportantpointofdiscussionamongeducators，andequallyimportantisrecognizingthelimitsandimpactsofAI-generatedtextclassifiersintheclassroom，"itsaid.

Theclassifierisn'tgoodenoughonitsown，thoughitcanbeusedtogowithmethodsthateducators，employersandothersrelyontodeterminethesourceofapieceoftext.Inevaluations，thenewtoolcorrectlyidentified26%ofAI-writtentextas"likelyAI-written"，whileitalsohadfalsepositives9%ofthetimeinwhichitincorrectlylabeledhuman-writtentextasAI-written.Anotherproblemisthatthetoolcan'teasilytellifalistoffacts—U.S.statecapitalsforexample—waswrittenbyapersonorAI，becausethecorrectanswerwouldbethesame.AI-writtentextcanalsobeeditedtoescapetheclassifier.

"WhileitisimpossibletoreliablydetectallAI-writtentext，classifierslikeourscanbeupdatedandre-trainedbasedonsuccessfulattacks，"OpenAIsaid."Butitisunclearwhetherdetectionhasanadvantageinthelong-term."4.ChatGPT'spassingtheU.S.MedicalLicensingExamismentionedto______.A.accountforitsoperatingprinciples

B.illustrateitscomplexstructure

C.emphasizeitsgrowingpopularity

D.warnagainstitspotentialdanger5.What'sthefunctionofAIclassifier？______A.DeepeningtheimpactofAIwriters.

B.IdentifyingthetextsgeneratedbyAI.

C.PromotingtheuseofAIinclassroomdiscussion.

D.Arousingeducators'awarenessofAI-relatedtechnology.6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromtheevaluationofAIclassifier？______A.Itisawork-in-progress.

B.Itisgoodatstoringfactualinformation.

C.Itcanhelpajournalisttoeditatext.

D.Itisareliableeducationaltool.7.WhatdoesOpenAIthinkofAIclassifier？______A.Itwillbereliableaftercontinuousself-updateandretraining.

B.Whetheritcanhelpeducatorsinthelong-termisoutofquestion.

C.Whetheritcansolvetheproblemsasintendedremainsaquestion.

D.Itwillsucceedindetectingallhuman-writtentextsinthenearfuture.CAllroutestoSTEM（science，technology，engineeringandmathematics）degreesrunthroughcalculus（微积分）classes.Eachyear，thousandsofcollegestudentstakeintroductorycalculus.ButonlyasmallnumberultimatelycompleteaSTEMdegree，andresearchaboutwhystudentsabandonsuchdegreessuggeststhattraditionalcalculuscoursesareoneofthereasons.Withscientificunderstandingandinnovationincreasinglycentraltosolving21st-centuryproblems，thislossoftalentissomethingsocietycanillafford.

Mathdepartmentsaloneareunlikelytosolvethisdilemma.Severalofthepromisingcalculusreformswerespearheadedbyprofessorsoutsideofmathdepartments.STEMfacultyareprioritizingcooperationacrossdisciplinestotransformmathclassestocultivateadiversegenerationofSTEMresearchersandprofessionals.

Thisisnotunchartedterritory.In2013，lifesciencesfacultyattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles，developedatwo-coursesequencethatcoversclassiccalculustopics，butalsoemphasizestheirapplicationinabiologicalcontext.Creatingthiscourse，MathematicsforLifeScientists，wasn'teasy.Thelifesciencesfacultyinvolved，noneofwhomhadajointappointmentwiththemathdepartment，saidtheyturnedtodesigningthecoursethemselvesaftermathfacultyrejectedtheirrequestforcooperation.

InOhio，WrightStateUniversity'sEngineeringdepartmentsalsorevisedmathofferings.Ratherthanchangingthecontentofthecalculuscourse，theyfocusedonpreparingstudentsforcalculusbyemphasizing"engineeringmotivationformath."Theapproachenhancedopportunitiesforstudentswithweakermathbackgroundstosucceedinengineeringanddoubledtheaveragegraduationrateofengineeringstudentswithoutreducingtheaveragegradeofgraduates.MathlearningisfundamentaltoallSTEMfields，buttheoppositealsoappearstobetrue.8.Whatproblemismentionedinparagraph1？______A.IncreasingSTEMdropoutrate.

B.Thereformofcalculuscourses.

C.ShrinkingadmissiontoSTEMmajors.

D.Theshakenbeliefintheroleofcalculus.9.Whatdoes"spearheaded"inparagraph2probablymean？______A.challenged B.evaluated C.cancelled D.initiated10.Whatdoweknowaboutthecalculuscoursereformaccordingtothetext？______A.STEMdepartmentsmadecalculuscontenteasiertoimprovestudents'grades.

B.MathdepartmentssoughtcooperationwithSTEMcounterpartstourgereforms.

C.PlacingcalculuslearninginspecificSTEMcontextsisaworkableapproach.

D.RemovingcalculusisthekeytoincreasinggraduationrateofSTEMstudents.11.Whatdoes"theopposite"inthelastparagraphreferto？______A.TheSTEMfieldsmaybethefoundationofothersciencesubjects.

B.TheSTEMfieldsmaybecentraltomakingmathlearningeffective.

C.MathlearningmaysetbarrierforsciencestudyintheSTEMfields.

D.MathlearningmaymakewayforsciencestudyintheSTEMfields.DDiscoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot，aslegendwouldhaveit，lookatthemold（霉）onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoftoughtrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer；eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas，butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs，andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions，professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

"Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticulargoodnessindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone."WroteRudolphFlesch，alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient："Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore？"

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththeproposalthatnothingbeasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB，theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses，whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandaresuretobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.12.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph？______A.Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

B.Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

C.Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

D.Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.13.Accordingtotheauthor，whatdiffersinnovatorsfromnon-innovators？______A.Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

B.Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

C.Theintelligencetheypossess.

D.Thevarietyofideastheyhave.14.Thephrase"marchtoadifferentdrummer"（thelastlineofthepassage）suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare______.A.unwillingtofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

B.diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

C.concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

D.devotedtotheprogressofscience15.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagemightbe______.A.TheRelationBetweenCreationandDiligence

B.ToBeaCreativeExpertintheStudyofHumanCreativity

C.WhatAreSoSpecialaboutCreativeIndividuals

D.DiscoveriesandInnovation二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof"musclememory"，theresultofamotorlearning.（1）______Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice，theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining，thoseextranucleiaren'tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Theyareretained（保留），essentiallywaitingtobereactivated.Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon（马车）duringthepandemic，don'tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei，youarebankingthecapacity.（2）______Infact，arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.Itdependsonhowfityouwereinitially，howlongthelayoffwas，howoldyouareandhowlongyou'dbeenexercising.

（3）______Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing，andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration，frequency，thenintensity.（4）______

Ultimately，musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.（5）______Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.

A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto"getbackonthehorse".

B.Physiologists，ontheotherhand，defineitinadifferentway.

C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.

D.Thatistosay，wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.

E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.

F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise，themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.

G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）MyfirstyearlivinginLosAngeles，Iwasabirthday-partyclown（小丑）.I（1）______withmyidentitybecause，thoughIviewedmyselfasafilmmaker，everyoneinmylifeassociatedmewiththisridiculousdayjob.

Forcertainparties，Ihadtogoasa（2）______character，soatthepartyI'dactuallybe"MickeyMouse"or"Sponge-BobSquarePants."Onenight，IwastoldthatIwasgoingtobeBatman.AtthetimeIhadagiantmustachebutIdidn'twantto（3）______myphysicalappearanceforthatjob.（4）______，fortheparty，Ichosenottoshave.

Normallyattheseparties，youpopinthroughthefrontdoor："Surprise!Batman'shere!"However，myelementof（5）______wasshotbecausetheysawmecomingfrom，like，aquarterofamileaway，whichleftmeplentyoftimeto（6）______mychoicenottoshave.

OnceIgotcloseenoughforthemtomakeoutthe（7）______ofmyface，theentireparty（8）______inlaughterandthenintocheers.

AfterIranintotheparty，theywere（9）______me.Isawthebirthdayboywithhisdad，whowaslaughing，andhesaid，"Yousee，Itoldyou，son.Batmanhasamustache."HetookmetothehugebirthdaycakewithaBatmandrawnonit，andtheBatmanhadamustache.Ijuststaredatitin（10）______.

When（11）______bringingthecakeout，insteadofjustadmittingthatitwasmessedup，theparentstriedtosave（12）______andsaidtotheboy，"Batmanalwayshasamustache.Hejustshavesitformovies."Ina（13）______offate，mymustacheconfirmedwhattheparentshadsaidand（14）______thekidsthatIwasactuallyBatman.

Thatday，therewasnodoubtinmymindwhatIwas.Imaynothavebeenthe（15）______thattheyorderedandexpected.Butthatday，Iwastheherothattheyneeded.21.

A.started B.stuck C.struggled D.settled22.

A.specific B.leading C.central D.generous23.

A.improve B.change C.make D.judge24.

A.Otherwise B.Besides C.However D.Therefore25.

A.surprise B.joy C.enthusiasm D.anxiety26.

A.withdraw B.regret C.exercise D.influence27.

A.shape B.expression C.features D.wrinkles28.

A.showedup B.calmeddown C.ranaway D.brokeout29.

A.applauding B.blaming C.neglecting D.embarrassing30.

A.peace B.comfort C.disbelief D.despair31.

A.accidentally B.finally C.secretly D.initially32.

A.fuel B.money C.time D.face33.

A.shadow B.path C.twist D.role34.

A.guaranteed B.convinced C.warned D.promised35.

A.hero B.comedian C.actor D.filmmaker四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Chinesenetizensarepassionatelydiscussingthe"KongYijimindset，"（1）______terminspiredbyaninfluentialfigureinmodernChineseliteratureandusedtorefertocollege（2）______（graduate）whoconsiderthemselvesabovemanuallabor.

（3）______（set）afewyearsafterthefalloftheQingDynasty，thestorystartswithKongYijibeingridiculedbytheworking-classcustomersinthetavernhefrequentsforcontinuingtowearhislongscholar'sgown，eventhoughheneverpassedtheimperialexam（4）______couldhavelandedhimadecentjobbackinthepast.

AsThePaper，aChinesemediacompanybasedinShanghai，writes，"KongYijiwouldratherstealthando（5）______heconsidersamenialjob（粗活）justtomakemoney.Thisisrelatableintheeyesofsome，whothinktheiracademicqualificationsdidn'tleadtothejobtheywantedordeserved."

Therelatedterm，"KongYijimindset，"referstothosewhoseeKongin（6）______（they）astheyfacethepressuresofajobmarketthatcan'tkeepupwiththerecord-breakingnumberofcollegegraduates.Kongisa（7）______（sympathy）figuretosomerecentcollegegraduateswhoserealityisnotlivinguptoexpectations.

Somenetizensareconcernedthateducationitselfmayonedaybeseenassuperfluous（多余的）."Whenwewereyoung，we（8）______（tell）tostudyhard，andwhenwegrewup，wewouldbecomeastronautsandscientists，"aWeibousercommented."Nowithasbecomestudyhardtoscrewscrews，tobeacleaner，tocollectjunk.It'snotthatIlookdownonthoseprofessions—everyprofessionisrespectable—（9）______itisstrangethatthewindisblowinginthisdirection."

Inrecentyears，Chinahasbeenpushingtoexpandvocationaleducationasameanstosolvethesurplusofcollegegraduates.However，thetransitionremainschallengingastheprejudices（10）______blue-collarjobslingers.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是学校动物保护协会志愿者李华，你校留学生Mike对动物保护很热心，来信咨询

你们协会的日常工作内容和报名条件．请你写一封回信，内容包括：

1．工作内容：进社区宣传；照顾流浪动物等；

2．志愿者要求：有爱心，时间灵活；

3．报名方式．

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．

3．参考词汇：动物保护协会一Animal

Protection

Association；流浪动物一stray

animals

Dear

Mike，

Yours，

Li

Hua38.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

"Wanted：Violin.Can'tpaymuch.Contact…"

Irarelyreadtheclassifiedadvertisements,sowhydidInoticethatone？Ilaidthepaperonmylapandclosedmyeyes,rememberingwhathadhappenedmanyyearsbefore,duringtheGreatDepressionwhenmyfamilystruggledtomakealivingonourfarm.I，too,hadwantedaviolin.

Whenmyoldertwinsistersbeganshowinganinterestinmusic,HarrietAnnelearnedtoplayGrandma'spiano,whileSuzanneturnedtoDaddy'sviolin.Simpletunesbecamelovelymelodies.Mybabybrotherdanced；DaddyhummedandMotherwhistled.Ijustlistened.

Whenmyarmsgrewlongenough,ItriedtoplaySuzanne'sviolin.Oh,howIwantedone!ButIknewitwasoutofthequestion.

Oneeveningasthetwinsplayedintheschoolorchestra.Iclosedmyeyestighttocapturethepicturefirmlyinmymind.Someday,I'llsitupthere,Ivowedsilently.

Itwasnotagoodyear.Atharvestthecropsdidn'tbringasmuchaswehadhoped.Yeteventhoughtimeswerehard,Icouldn'twaitanylongertoask,"Daddy,mayIhaveaviolinofmyown？"

"Can'tyouuseSuzanne's？"

"I'dliketobeintheorchestratoo,andwecan'tbothusethesameviolinatthesametime."

Daddy'sfacelookedsad.Thatnight,andmanyfollowingnights,IheardhimremindGodinourfamilyprayers,"…andLord,MaryLouwantsherownviolin."

Oneeveningweallsatroundthetable.ThetwinsandIstudied.MothersewedandDaddywrotealettertohisfriend,GeorgeFinkle,inColumbus,Ohio.MrFinkle,Daddysaid,wasafineviolinist.

WhenDaddyreceivedaletterfromColumbusafewweekslater,heaskedme,"MaryLou,doyouwanttogowithmetovisitMrFinkle？"

HedroveustoColumbusandwecametoafine,oldhouse.Atallmanopenedthedoor.HeandDaddyheartilyshookhands,bothtalkingatonce.

"MaryLou,I'vebeenhearingthingsaboutyou.YourDaddyhasarrangedasurpriseforyou!"Hepickedupacase,openedit,liftedoutaviolinandstartedtoplay.Themelodysurgedandspokelikewaterfalls.Oh,toplaylikehim,Ithought.

Finishingthepiece,heturnedtoDaddy."Ifounditinapawnshop（当铺）forsevendollars.It'sagoodviolin.MaryLoushouldbeabletomakeabeautifulmusicwithit."Thenhehandedtheviolintome.

注意：

1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph1：

InoticedthetearsinDaddy'seyesasIfinallycomprehended.Itwasmine!____________.

Paragraph2：

Iforcedmythoughtstothepresentandreadagaintheadvertisement.____________.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的关键句Pinnipedsaremammalsthatarewell-adaptedforswimming.（鳍足类是非常适合游泳的哺乳动物。）推断出鳍足类动物擅长游泳。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。由本文Characteristics

of

Phocidae

（Earless

or

True

Seals）

（海豹科的特征（无耳海豹或真海豹））部分中的关键句Swim

with

their

hind

flippers.Their

hind

flippers

always

face

backward

and

are

furred.（用后鳍游泳。它们的后鳍总是朝后，长着毛。）和Characteristics

of

Otariidae

（Eared

Seals，Including

Fur

Seals

and

Sea

Lions）

（耳海豹科的特征（包括毛海豹和海狮））部分中的关键句Swim

with

their

front

flippers.Unlike

earless

seals，their

hind

flippers

can

turn

forward，and

they

are

able

to

walk，and

even

run，on

their

flippers.（用它们的前鳍游泳。与没有耳朵的海豹不同，它们的后鳍可以向前转动，它们可以用鳍行走，甚至跑步。）可知，真海豹用后鳍游泳而海狮的后鳍可以向前转动，它们可以用鳍行走，甚至跑步。所以真海豹不能用后鳍走路。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。由本文倒数第二段中的关键句One

obvious

difference

between

walruses，seals

and

sea

lions

is

that

walruses

are

the

only

pinnipeds

with

tusks—a

pair

of

long

pointed

teeth.（海象、海豹和海狮之间的一个明显区别是，海象是唯一长有长牙的鳍足类动物一对又长又尖的牙齿。）可推断出海象长有长牙。故选C。

本文是一篇应用文。介绍了海豹、海狮、海象的几个特征，以便更好区分开来。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】D、B、A、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Soon

after

ChatGPT

was

released，the

potential

for

it

to

be

misused

to

do

things

such

as

spread

misinformation

and

write

junk

mails

became

apparent.Schools

and

educators

also

have

warned

of

the

potential

for

students

to

use

it

to

write

essays

or

other

work

they

have

been

assigned.Last

December，the

software

passed

all

three

parts

of

the

U.S.Medical

Licensing

Examination

as

part

of

a

research

experiment.

（在ChatGPT发布后不久，它被滥用来传播错误信息和写垃圾邮件的可能性就变得很明显了。学校和教育工作者还警告说，学生们可能会用它来写论文或其他分配给他们的工作。去年12月，作为研究实验的一部分，该软件通过了美国医疗执照考试的全部三个部分。）可知，ChatGPT软件通过了美国医疗执照考试的全部三个部分，所有有可能会被一部分学生滥用，投机取巧以获取美国医疗执照，文章以此例子来警告ChatGPT软件潜在的危险。A．account

for

its

operating

principles说明其工作原理；B．illustrate

its

complex

structure说明它的复杂结构；C．emphasize

its

growing

popularity强调它越来越受欢迎；D．warn

against

its

potential

danger警告它的潜在危险。故选D项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段OpenAI

said

that

its

so-called

AI

classifier

was

designed

to

help

people

distinguish

between

text

written

by

a

human

versus

a

range

of

artificial

intelligence

programs—not

just

ChatGPT.

（OpenAI表示，其所谓的人工智能分类器旨在帮助人们区分人类编写的文本和一系列人工智能程序，而不仅仅是ChatGPT。）可知，这款人工智能分类器能帮助区分文本是人类写的还是人工智能写的，把人工智能写的文本区分出来。故选B项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段The

classifier

isn't

good

enough

on

its

own，though

it

can

be

used

to

go

with

methods

that

educators，employers

and

others

rely

on

to

determine

the

source

of

a

piece

of

text.In

evaluations，the

new

tool

correctly

identified

26%

of

AI-written

text

as

"likely

AI-written"，while

it

also

had

false

positives

9%

of

the

time

in

which

it

incorrectly

labeled

human-written

text

as

AI-written.Another

problem

is

that

the

tool

can't

easily

tell

if

a

list

of

facts—U.S.state

capitals

for

example—was

written

by

a

person

or

AI，because

the

correct

answer

would

be

the

same.AI-written

text

can

also

be

edited

to

escape

the

classifier.

（这个分类器本身还不够好，不过它可以用来配合教育工作者、雇主和其他人用来确定一段文本来源的方法。在评估中，新工具正确地将26%的人工智能书写的文本识别为"可能是人工智能书写的"，而在将人类书写的文本错误地标记为人工智能书写的情况下，它也有9%的误报。另一个问题是，该工具不能轻易地判断美国和其他国家的一系列事实。例如，州首府是由人或人工智能写的，因为正确答案是一样的。人工智能编写的文本也可以编辑）可知，人工智能分类器的评估仍在进行中。故选A项。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"While

it

is

impossible

to

reliably

detect

all

AI-written

text，classifiers

like

ours

can

be

updated

and

re-trained

based

on

successful

attacks，"OpenAI

said.

"But

it

is

unclear

whether

detection

has

an

advantage

in

the

long-term."（OpenAI表示，"虽然不可能可靠地检测出所有人工智能编写的文本，但像我们这样的分类器可以根据成功的攻击进行更新和重新训练。但目前尚不清楚检测是否具有长期优势。"）可知，OpenAI认为这个分类器目前在一定程度上可以检测出一部分人工智能编写的文本，但是在未来能否检测出人工智能编写的文本，就很难说了，所以这个分类器是否能像预期的那样解决问题仍然是一个问题。A．It

will

be

reliable

after

continuous

self-update

and

retraining.经过不断的自我更新和再培训才会可靠；B．Whether

it

can

help

educators

in

the

long-term

is

out

of

question.从长远来看，它是否能帮助教育工作者是毫无疑问的；C．Whether

it

can

solve

the

problems

as

intended

remains

a

question.它是否能如预期的那样解决问题仍然是个问题；D．It

will

succeed

in

detecting

all

human-written

texts

in

the

near

future.在不久的将来，它将成功地检测出所有人类书写的文本。故选C项。

本文是一篇说明文。因ChatGPT的出现，人们越来越担心人工智能技术会被骗子、垃圾邮件发送者和其他人滥用，该程序的开发公司又发布了一款检测人工智能生成文本的工具，检测正确率还不是很高，还有待于改善，且不能保证其检测功能在未来是否有长期优势。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、D、C、A【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段Eachyear，thousandsofcollegestudentstakeintroductorycalculus.ButonlyasmallnumberultimatelycompleteaSTEMdegree，andresearchaboutwhystudentsabandonsuchdegreessuggeststhattraditionalcalculuscoursesareoneofthereasons.（每年，成千上万的大学生学习微积分入门。但只有少数学生最终完成STEM学位，关于学生为什么放弃此类学位的研究表明，传统微积分课程是原因之一。）可知，每年很多大学生学习微积分，但却因为传统微积分课程，只有少数学生获得了STEM学位，故很多学生中途放弃了学习，越来越的学生中途放弃获得STEM学位，故选A。

（2）D.词义猜测题。根据第二段Mathdepartmentsaloneareunlikelytosolvethisdilemma.Severalofthepromisingcalculusreformswere

spearheaded

byprofessorsoutsideofmathdepartments.（仅数学系是不太可能解决这一困境的。一些有希望的微积分改革是由数学系以外的教授带头的。）可知，此处"spearheaded"的意