《西方报刊经贸文章选读（第五版）》课后参考答案 史天陆、史伟明

PAGEPAGE37一、课文提问和词语认知题答案（一）课文提问参考答案Lesson11.WhywasChinaregardedas“animportantpole”fortheeconomicgrowthofAsiaandtheworldbytheauthoritativeanalysts?(ReadParagraph2.)Hereconomyhadcontinuedtoboomintherecentyearsandgrewattherateofnearly10percentannually.Itwasalreadybysomekeymeasurestheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy.2.IsChinaaso-called“threat”oraneconomicdrivertoothercountrieswithherbecoming“thefactorytotheworld”?Why?(ReadParagraph3-4.)WhileChina’sexportsgrowfastalltheway,veryoftenherimportsgrowstillfaster(thantheexports)asdemandinChinaisbooming.It’sadrivertotheworldeconomy,especiallytheEastAsia.3.HowimportantisChinatotheglobaleconomy?(ReadParagraph5-6.)China’sstrongdemandhasfueledtheexpansioninmanyfieldsoftheworldeconomy,suchassteel,copper,chemicals,mobilephones,personalcomputers,etc.Asearlyasin2003,inPPPterms,Chinahadaccountedforabout10percentofworldGDP,whichputitbehindtheUnitedStatesintheNo.2spot.4.WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheChinesemarket?(ReadParagraph7.)Themarketisverycompetitive,butthedemandishuge.5.Whataretherippleeffectsofforeign(direct)investmentinChinaontheworldeconomy?(ReadParagraph8.)Therippleeffectsareincreasinglybroad.InvestmentinChinahelpsitsneighborsinpreviouslyunrecognizedway,becauseitssupplychainincludesagrowingnetworkofcontractproducersacrossAsia.EverydollarspentinChinaisre-spentmanytimesnotonlywithinthecountry,butalsothroughouttheregion,magnifyingtheeffectofa“moreliberalglobaltradingenvironment.”6.WhatistheprospectoftheChinesemarket?(ReadParagraph10.)Chinastillhasmanyindustries,particularlyinserviceslikeinsuranceandfinance,whichareonlynowbeginningtoopentoworldtrade.AndtheRMBistoappreciategraduallyandgivesasubstantialboosttoimport-buyingpower.Lesson21.WhatisHaierwellknownforandhasplaceditamongtheworldleadersinappliancesales?(ReadParagraph2&1.)Haieriswellknownforitsinnovativegoodsandsuchproductshaveplaceditamongtheworldleadersinappliancesales.2.InwhatwayarethebigChineseelectronics,applianceandhigh-techfirmsnowseekingnewoutletsfortheirproduction?(ReadParagraph5.)TheyareseekingnewoutletsfortheirproductionthroughexportsandbybuildingChinesefactoriesabroad.3.WhataretheproblemswiththeChinesefirmsintheirfurtherdevelopment,accordingtotheauthor?(ReadParagraph9.)TheylackmanagerialandoperationalexpertiseofWesternandJapanesemultinationals,andhaveashortageofmanagerialtalentandlittlenotionofmarketingandbrand-building.Thecompaniesarealsohandicappedbythecountry’slongtraditionofcentralplanning,inefficientuseofcapitalandantiquateddistributionsystem.4.HowdoesChinahelpitsfirmstointroduceadvancedtechnologyfromforeignsourcesinabsorbing（吸收）FDI(foreigndirectinvestment)?(ReadParagraph10.)TheauthoritiesinsistthatforeignfirmssharetechnologywiththeirChinesepartners.5.Whohasgotupperhand(wonanadvantage)incompetitionforChina’shouseholdgoodsmarket?(ReadParagraph12.)ThelocalChinesecompanies.6.HavetheChinesefirmsmadeprogressintechnologyintherecentyears?Whichcompanyiscited（举出）asaninstanceinthearticle?(ReadParagraph14.)Yes,theChinesefirmsaregaininggroundintechnology.Huaweiisgivenforanexample.7.ForwhatreasondidTCLdecidetoentertheVietnam’sTVmarketandmakeFDIthere?(ReadParagraph15&16.)FortheysawthatVietnamhad80millionpeopleandtheTVmarkettherewasstillunderdevelopedastheforeignmultinationalsgougedconsumersandheldbackTVsales.8.Whyisitsaidthat“Chinesecompaniesstillhavealongwaytogo”intheinternationaltrade?(ReadParagraph18.)WhilemanyChineseproductscouldpassforleadinginternationalbrands,othersareclearlynotuptocurrentstandardsinindustrialdesignorquality.Lesson31.Whatisthegeneraleconomicsituationoftheworld?(ReadParagraph1-3.)Theglobaleconomyisonagrowthstreakthatisshapinguptobethebroadestandstrongestexpansioninmorethanthreedecades.2.Whatcountriesareplayingadominantroleintheglobaleconomycurrently?Andwhatisthetrenddrivenby?(ReadParagraph4-6.)Thedevelopingcountriesareplayingadominantrole.Thetrendisdrivenbyfreetrade.3.Whatisthesimplestyardstickofeconomicsuccessforacountry?Howfastermighttheeconomyofthedevelopingnationsgrowthanthatofthedevelopedin2006?(ReadParagraph17.)It’sacountry’sgrowthinrealgrossdomesticproduct,orhowfastitstotaloutputofgoodsandservicesisrisingafterinflation.Thegrowthrateofthedevelopingworldmightbemorethandoublethatofthedevelopedworldin2006accordingtotheIMF.4.Withglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,whathashappenedtoemployment,import-spendingandthelivingstandardofsomepeopleinthedevelopedcountries?(ReadParagraph20-23.)Withthedevelopedworld’sgrowthlaggingwellbehindthatofemergingeconomiesintheglobalization,wagesintheU.S.havebeenslowtoriseinrecentyears,unemploymentratesremainstubbornlyhighinWesternEuropeandthelivingstandardofsomepeopleareimprovedlittleinindustrializednations.Andwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheemergingeconomiesintheglobalization,thedemandandthepricesforcommoditiesareincreasinglyhighandcountriespaymorefortheiroilandothercommodityimports.5.Andhowmuchhasthedevelopedworldbenefitedfromtheprogressoftheglobalization?(ReadParagraph24-33.)Theemergingeconomiesofferavastmarkettotheindustrializedcountries.U.S.corporationsaresellingmoreabroadthaneverbefore.GlobaldemandforJapaneseexportshashelpedpullthenationoutofa15-yearfunk.GlobalgrowthalsohaskeptGermanyatthetopofthelistofworldexporters.Andlow-costgoodsfromdevelopingnationshavehelpedkeepinflationpressuresmuteddespitethejumpinoilpriceseverywhereintheworld.6.Whyisthereamountingbacklashagainsttheeconomicglobalization?(ReadParagraph34-39.)Because“prosperityisn’tevenlydistributed.”7.Whatisthegreatestrisktotheboom,accordingtosomeanalysts?(ReadParagraph42.)“Thegreaterrisktotheboomisthatitwillsowtheseedsofitsowndemisebyfosteringrisinginflationandinterestrates.”8.Whatshouldtheexport-dependentdevelopingnationsdoiftheycouldnotexporttotheU.S.asmuchasnow?(ReadParagraph49.)Theyshouldencouragemoreconsumptionathomeandexpandtradeamongemergingcountries.Lesson41.WhyisChinaseenasathreattotheU.S.economybysomepeopleintheUnitedStates?(ReadParagraph2-3.)Theirill-foundedandmisleadingreasonsarethattheU.S.jobsaretransferredtoChinaandtheRMBbeingpeggedtotheU.S.dollargivesChinaanunfairlycompetitiveadvantageinthemarket.2.BywhomistheU.S.tradedeficitmade?Andhowisitmade?(ReadParagraph4.)ItismadeinWashington...(therestofPara.4—from“BycourtesyofarunawayFederalbudgetdeficit”totheend)3.WhydoestheUnitedStateshavetoruntradedeficitswithsomeone?(ReadParagraph5.)Becauseoftheirsavingsshortfall,theUntiedStateshastoruntradedeficitswithsomeone.4.WhatwouldhappentothepurchasingpowerandtheeconomyoftheU.S.ifthecountryturnedtoMexico,CanadaorEuropeforimports?(ReadParagraph5.)Theresultwouldbehigher-costimportsthatwouldrepresentataxontheAmericanconsumer—ataxthatwouldsqueezepurchasingpowerandwouldundoubtedlyconstrainU.S.economicgrowth.5.HowdoestheU.S.consumersbenefitfromAmerica’stradewithChina?(ReadParagraph6.)Take2003forexample,...(thewholeofPara.6,with“lastyear”inthesecondlinechangedinto“thatyear”)6.HowdoesAmerica’stradewithChinahelpsupporttheU.S.economicgrowthinaway?(ReadParagraph7-8.)Chinaplowsbackalargepositionofitsexportearningsintodollar-basedfinancialassets...(therestofPara.7,with“lastNovember”inthe2ndlinechangedinto“theendof2003”,andthewholeofPara.8)7.OnwhatgroundsshouldtheChinesecurrencybeconsideredfairlyvalued?(ReadParagraph12.)Chinashouldnotbeaccusedofhavinganundervaluedcurrency...(therestofPara.12)Lesson51.WhyisitsaidinthearticlethattheEuropeaneconomyfaredevenworsethantheU.S.in2002?Whatweretheindications?(ReadParagraph3.)TheeconomyofEuropegrewonlyabouthalfasfastastheU.S.Exportsaccountedformostofthegrowthintheeurozoneeconomy,withdomesticdemandstagnantandcapitalspendingcontinuingtofall.2.Whatdeterredinvestment,innovationandeconomicgrowthinGermany?Andwhatweretheconsequences?(ReadParagraph4.)Thestructuralconstraintstocompetitioninitsproductandlabormarketssuchascentral-wagebargainsandrestrictivelaborpracticesdeterredinvestment,innovationandgrowth.TheconsequenceswerethatGermany’slaborcostsinmanufacturingwerethehighestintheworld,anditwaslosingcompetitivenessrelativetoitsEuropeanneighbors.3.WhatpoliciesoftheEUanditscentralbankpreventedGermanyfrommakinguseofthetraditionalmonetaryandfiscalpoliciestosettleitseconomicdifficulties?Andhowcouldtheseproblemsgetsettled?(ReadParagraph5andthenoteinsertedbelow.)ThefocusoftheEuropeancentralbankonalowaverageinflationtargetfortheEUmeantahighrealinterestrateforGermany.TheMaastrichtlimitsondeficitanddebt/GDPratioscurtailedGermany’sabilitytousefiscalpolicytostimulatedomesticdemand.Forthem,thetraditionalmonetary,fiscalandexchange-ratepolicieswerenolongeravailabletooffsetcompetitivenessorcyclicaldifficulties.Theyhadtomakepainfulstructuralreformstheonlywayoutofitseconomicmalaise.4.WhatexplainsthedivergencebetweentheEUandtheUnitedStatesinproductivitygrowth?AndhowdidtheITinvestmentratesplayaroleinmakingthedivergence?(ReadParagraph6.)Thereismountingevidencethatdifferencesininformation-technologyinvestmentratesplayedarole.ArecentstudyshowsasignificantpickupinproductivitygrowthratesinIT-usingsectorsinbothmanufacturingandservicesintheUS,andadeclineorstagnationinproductivitygrowthratesincomparablesectorsinEuropebetweenthefirstandsecondhalfofthe1990s.ThesectorsproducingITequipmentinbothEuropeandtheU.S.,enjoyedasignificantimprovementinproductivitygrowthoverthisperiod.ButU.S.productivitygrowthratesinthesesectorswerehigher,andoverallU.S.productivitygrowthbenefitedfromthefactthatIToutputaccountsforalargershareoftotaloutputintheU.S.thaninEurope.5.WhywastheproductivitygrowthslowerinEuropeinthe1990s?AndwhywastheITinvestmentratelowerthen?(ReadParagraph7.)BecauselowerITinvestmentratesinEuropewerepartlyresponsibleforitsslowerproductivitygrowthinthe1990s.BecausebothregulatoryconstraintsonemploymentpracticesandregulatorybarriersonstartupsdiscouragedinvestmentinITanddampenedproductivitygrowthinEurope.6.Whatisthecorrelationbetweencompetitionandgreaterefficiency—productivitygrowth?(ReadParagraph8.)Competitionisakeydeterminantofproductivitygrowth.Whencompetitiveintensityishigh,companiesareforcedtoseekgreaterefficiencyandhigherproductivitygrowthbyinvestinginnewtechnologies.7.WhatdoestheEUhavetodoiftheyaretorealizethepotentialoftheenlargedintegratedmarket?(ReadParagraph9.)Theyhavetohastenlabourandmarketreformstointensifycompetition.Lesson61.HowlonghadJapan’seconomybeeninrecessiontill2004?(ReadParagraph3.)13years.2.WhatdidJapandoaspartoftheireffortstoreviveitsfortunes?(ReadParagraph3.)JapanattemptedtoreviveitsfortunesinpartbyrepositioningitselfintheglobalmarketplaceastheGucciofconsumerelectronics.3.WhatdoestheriseofCrystalValleyunderscoreundertheabovesituation?(ReadParagraph3.)Whatdoesthe“pivotalshift”referto?(ReadParagraph4.)Withglobaldemandsurgingforultra-up-marketgadgets,abroadvarietyofJapanesecompaniesweremakingnewinvestmentsonJapanesesoil.4.FromwhichdidSharpprofitmore,theadvancedflat-screenTVsoritsregularones?Wherewerethetwotypesproducedrespectively?(ReadParagraph6.)Sharpgeneratedmoreprofitsfromsalesofadvancedflat-screenTVsproducedinJapanthanfromitsregularTVsets.TheadvancedonesweremadeinJapanandtheregularonesmadeinChina,Mexicoandelsewhere.5.DidJapan’seconomygrowremarkablyduringitsfiscal2003?(ReadParagraph12.)Andwhatwastherecoverybuoyedby?(ReadParagraph13.)Yes.Theeconomyhadgrownineveryquarterforthepast12months,outpacingboththeUnitedStatesandEuropeduringthethreemonthsthatendedinDecember.Therecoverywasbuoyedbyasurgeinexportscoupledwithcapitalinvestmentathome.6.DidtheindustrialoutputofJapanincreasefastfromfiscal2002to2003?AndhowmuchdidJapan’sconsumerelectronicscontributetothegrowthspurt?(ReadParagraph16.)Yes.IndustrialoutputbyJapanesecompanieswasatitshighestlevelinthreeyears.Thegrowthspurtispartiallylinkedtoconsumerelectronics:cellularphoneproductionalonejumped28.8percentin2003,contributing7.2percentofJapan’soverallincreaseinindustrialproduction;digitalcameraproductionjumped48.4percent,adding4.7percenttoindustrialoutput.7.HowaretheJapanesecompaniestryingtolowerthecostandpriceoftheirhigh-endproductstomakethemmorecompetitiveinthemarket?(ReadParagraph21-22.)Japanesecompaniesarecombiningtop-of-the-timetechnologywiththeirexperienceatloweringthepriceofconsumerelectronicsthroughcontinuousimprovementsinproductivity.8.WhyareJapanesecompaniesdecidingtostopproducingmanyoftheirlower-techproductsathome?(ReadParagraph23.)Theythinkthatwithextremelyhighlabourcosts,Japanesecompaniesshouldnolongerbeinthebusinessofmakingmanylower-techproductsathome.9.What’sJapan’sadvantageandambitionintheworldmarketforconsumerelectronics?(ReadParagraph26.)Intermsofconsumerelectronics,Japanismostadvancedintechnology.Theyarenowinthemiddleofafightforhegemony.10.WhateffectdidtheinvestmentbySharpandothershaveonthelocaleconomyofKameyama?(ReadParagraph27.)Ithadatrickle-down-effectonthelocaleconomy.Withtheinvestments,theeconomyandthelivingconditionsofthelocalityweremuchimproved.Lesson71.WhateffectcouldtheDohaRoundhaveontheworldeconomy?(ReadParagraph1.)TheDohaRoundcoulddeterminefarintothefuturetherulesunderwhichfurtherglobalizationtakesplaceandthedistributionofbenefitsamongandwithinnations.2.WhatquestiondidtheU.S.pushasthemajoritemontheagendafortheDohaRound?WhydidtheU.S.driveforthat?(ReadParagraph5.)TheUnitedStatespushedmarketaccessinagricultureandserviceasthecentraltrustoftheDohaRound,bothofwhichwereareasofparticularU.S.strength.DoingsowasinAmerica’sinterest.3.WeretheEuropeancountrieslikeFranceandJapanhappytodiscusstheliberalizationofagriculturaltradeforasettlementattheDohaRound?Why?(ReadParagraph6-7.)No,theywerestronglyopposedtosuchadiscussionsincebothheavilysubsidizedtheirinefficientfarmsectors—protectingtheirfarmersfrombeingbeatenbyforeigncompetitorsinthemarket.4.TheagendaproposedbytheEUontrade-relatedenvironmentissueswasstronglyopposedbyagriculturalexportersandmanydevelopingcountries.Why?(ReadParagraph8.)Theyworriedthatmuchofitwasdisguisedprotectionism.5.WhowantedtohavetheantidumpingissuesincludedintheagendaoftheDohaRound,theU.S.orJapanandSouthKorea?Whostronglyopposedit?Why?(ReadParagraph9.)JapanandSouthKorea.TheUnitedStatesstronglyopposedit,especiallyagainstthebackdropofsharpU.S.joblossesinsteelandthemanufacturingslowdown.BecauseAmericatriedtohavetheirindustriesavoidfurthercompetitionfromJapanandSouthKoreaathome.6.InwhatareasdidthedevelopingcountriesexpecttobenefitfromtheDohaRound?(ReadParagraph11-12.)Couldthewealthiestnationshelpthemgenuinelyandsincerelyinthisregard?(ReadParagraph13.)ManydevelopingcountriesexpectedtobenefitfromfreeragriculturalexportmarketsaftertheDohaRound,wherenotonlytariffsandquotasbutalsoproductionandexportsubsidieswerereduced.Theyalsowantedexpandedaccessintoindustrialsectorswheretradebarriersremainedhigh—includingapparel.No.7.WhyweremanysmallerpoornationsconcernedabouttheWTO’sagenda-settingsystem?(ReadParagraph15.)ManyofthesmallerpoornationshadlegitimateconcernabouthowwelltheWTOrepresentedtheirinterests.Althoughinprincipleaconsensusorganization,inpracticetheWTOhadlentitselftoagenda-settingbyasmallgroundofwealthynationsthroughanontransparent,adhocprocess.Lesson81.WhatistheimportanceoftextilesinChina’sexporttrade?AndwhatistheimportanceofgarmentsinChina’stextileexport?(ReadParagraph2.)Textilesaccountfor40percentofChineseexports,and70percentofChinesetextileexportsaregarments.2.WhendidChinabecometheworldchampioningarmentproduction?HowmuchdidChinasupplytotheworldtextilemarketduringthe1994-1999period?(ReadParagraph3-4.)Chinaemergedin1994astheworldchampioningarmentproduction,andsuppliedone-sixthoftheworldtradeintextilesfrom1994-1999.3.WhatpreventedChina’stextileexportfromfurthergrowththen?(ReadParagraph6.)Thesystemofimportquotainthetextiletrade.4.ArethereanybarrierstofurtherexpansionofChina’stextileexportsinthepost-quotaera?Whatisthefirstonelistedinthearticle?(ReadParagraph11-13.)Yes.Quotastobeeliminatedin2005wouldbereplacedbyextratariffs,placeoforigincontrolsandothernon-tariffbarriers.ChinapledgedinitsWTOaccessionprotocolstocuttariffsontextileimportsfrom12.1percentto9percentby2004;theU.S.wouldstillbecharging11.5percent.5.Whatisthesecondbarrierlisted?(ReadParagraph14-15.)EvenmoreofathreattoChina’stextileindustryisdomesticcompetitionforforeignorders.6.Whatisthelastbarrierlistedinthearticle?(ReadParagraph23&27-31.)China’stextilecompaniesalsofaceso-called“greenbarriers”—EuropeanUnionandU.S.requirementsforenvironmentalfriendlyproducts.Lesson91.Whatarethereasonsfortheglobaltensioninoilsupply,accordingtothetext?(ReadParagraph5.)Whatistheworldeconomy’sdeficiencyinitsenergysupport?(ReadParagraph4.)IntheUnitedStatesandEurope,newdemandforelectricityisoutpacingthenewsupplyofpowerandnaturalgas.Andtheemergingeconomies’demandforoilisrisingfast.Theworldeconomydependstoomuchonasinglefuel—oil.2.Whatdoes“energysecurity”meantoanationandtotheworld?(ReadParagraph4.)Atitsmostbasiclevel,energysecurityistheabilitytokeeptheglobalmachinehumming—thatis,toproduceenoughfuelsandelectricityataffordablepricesthateverynationcankeepitseconomyrunning,itspeoplefedanditsbordersdefended.3.Wherearethehotspotsforcompetitionbetweenoramongtheleadingoilimporters?(ReadParagraph1-3and9-10.)Wheredoesmostoftheworld’sremainingoillie?(ReadParagraph8.)ThehotspotsareSiberia(Russia),Iraq,Iran,SaudiArabiaandotherMiddle-Eastcountries.IntheMiddleEast(includingSaudiArabia,Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,Bahrain,theUnitedArabEmirates,OmanandQatar).（二）经贸文章专业词语和常用词语认知练习参考答案Lesson1Text合资企业 jointventure企业家精神 entrepreneurship增长 growth衰退 slump迅速发展 toboom崛起 toemerge通货紧缩 deflation亚洲开发银行 theAsianDevelopmentBank猛增 tojump贸易逆差 tradedeficit衰退 recession移动电话 mobilephone个人电脑 personalcomputer破产的 bankrupt购买力平价 purchasingpowerparity跨国公司 multinational供应链 supplychain贸易环境 tradingenvironmentSupplementaryReading［货币］升值 revaluation提高生产率 toliftproductivity［货币］增值 appreciation利润 margin电子产品 electronics消除 toerase利润幅度 profitmargin竞争力 competitiveness双边经济关系 bilateraleconomicties［经济］部门 sector品种更多的商品 awiderrangeofgoods定价能力 pricingpower支配地位 dominance电讯 telecommunications贸易顺差 tradesurplus“钉住” peg冲击 impact企业 businessLesson2Text现场 onthespot样品间 showroom创新产品 innovativegoods增长销售额 toboostthesales研究和开发 researchanddevelopment智囊团 thinktank劳动密集型的 labour-intensive品牌 brand倾销 todump猛增 tosoar便携式电脑 laptopcomputer出口才干 exportprowess管理和经营的专门知识技能 managerialandoperationalexpertise生产能力 productioncapacity亚洲金融危机 theAsianFinancialCrisis规模效益 economiesofscale逐步停止生产 tophaseoutproduction王牌 theaceinthehole调查 tosurvey相当多的利润 adecentprofit放松贸易限制 toloosentraderestrictions最高管理层 topmanagement达到设计和质量的标准 tobeuptothestandardsindesignandqualitySupplementaryReading黑洞 blackhole世界工厂 the“world’sworkshop”扩大生产 toexpandproduction增加产量 toboosttheoutput给予享用……的权利［机会］ togivesomebodyaccesstosomething收购 acquisition合并 consolidation使……并入 tomerge...into...［大宗的］收入 revenue咨询公司 consultancy向海外转移生产 toshiftproductionoverseas高端产品 high-endproduct加入世贸组织 theaccessiontotheWTO服饰产品 apparel采办 toprocureLesson3Text推动经济增长 toboosteconomies复苏 recovery新兴国家 emergingnation(country)去掉了通货膨胀因素地 adjustedforinflation解除经济管制 economicderegulation推动消费需求 topowerconsumerdemand免税商店 duty-freeshop购买能力 buyingcapacity零售 retail消费品 consumergoods衡量标准 yardstick按实际购买力估值的国内生产总值 realgrossdomesticproduct工业化国家 industrializednation(country)触发贸易保护主义情绪 totriggerprotectionistsentiment急剧上升的价格 zoomingprice初级产品 commodity生活水平 livingstandards财富的转移 atransferofwealth标准·普尔500家股票价格指数 Standard&Poor’s500index经纪公司 brokerage股票市场 stockmarket提高短期利率 toraiseshort-terminterestrate抵消 tooffset达到50年最高点 tohitafifty-yearhigh均匀地分布 todistributeevenly超过50% totop50%国有化 tonationalize对中国商品征收新的关税 toslapnewtariffonChinesegoods暴跌 totumble联邦储备银行（美国） theFederalReserve紧缩信贷 totightencredit依靠出口的发展中国家 export-dependentcountry需求下降 adropindemandSupplementaryReading欧元区 theEuro-zone尚可的经济增长率 arespectablegrowthrate经济呆滞——不景气 economicslack金融状况 monetaryconditions成为……的牺牲品 tofallvictimto...脆弱的 vulnerable资本逃离 capitalflightLesson4Text萧条的 sluggish替罪羊 scapegoat竞争优势 competitiveadvantage国际收支 balanceofpayments购买力 purchasingpower降低通货膨胀率 toholddowntheinflationrate日益趋疲的美元 aweakeningdollar美国国库券 U.S.Treasuries子公司 subsidiary外部采办——外包 outsourcing基础设施 infrastructure资本设备 capitalequipment估值过低的货币 undervaluedcurrency操纵 tomanipulateSupplementaryReading有活力的 dynamic不断急剧下降 tospiraldownwards缺乏活力的 sluggish赤字 deficit/redink律师事务所 lawfirm积极进取的 aggressive占领市场 tocaptureamarket贸易壁垒 tradebarrier以出口为导向的增长 export-ledgrowth比较优势 comparativeadvantage国际劳动分工 internationaldivisionoflabourLesson5Text经济和政治一体化 economicandpoliticalintegration欧洲联盟 theEuropeanUnion金融资产 financialassets停滞的 stagnant资本开支 capitalspending经济状况（形势） economicconditions革新 innovation财政政策 fiscalpolicy货币政策 monetarypolicy结构性改革—经济体制的改革 structuralreform信息技术 informationtechnology加速 pickup新公司 startup竞争强度 competitionintensity加强竞争 tointensifycompetitionSupplementaryReading推行改革 tointroduceareform放宽规章制度 torelaxregulations减少公共开支 toreducepublicexpenditures降低工资 tolowerwages加速 toaccelerate改组经济 toshakeupeconomy自由化 liberalizationLesson6Text建筑工地 constructionsite 兴旺发达的工业 boomingindustry转移制造 toshiftmanufacturing电子元件 electroniccomponent数码显示 digitaldisplay精巧的装置 gadget品牌形象 brandimage转折点 turningpoint日经225种股票指数 Nikkei225stockindex在速度上超过 tooutpace...增加出口 asurgeinexports增值产品 value-addedproduct数码相机 digitalcamera液晶显示电视 liquidcrystaldisplayTV急剧增长 growthspurt生产场地 productionsite资本支出 capitalexpenditure当代最先进的技术 top-of-the-timetechnology摄像机 videocamera突破 breakthrough削减售价10% toshave10percentoffthesaleprice利用技术优势 totakeadvantageofone’stechnologicaledge借助复苏的势头 toridethemomentumoftherecovery经济好转 topickupSupplementaryReading缺乏现金的 cash-strapped十分畅销的商品 bigseller日本货物的廉价代用品 thecheapalternativetoJapanesegoods销售比……多 tooutsell...最新型的手机 state-of-the-artmobilephonehandset无限期地延长贷款期限 torenewbankloansindefinitely给……补贴 tosubsidize...价格骤然下跌 toplummet提供贷款 toextendaloan联合大企业［多种经营公司］ conglomerate解雇职工 tolayoff...论资排辈的提升制度 senioritysystem基于业绩的提升制度 merit-basedsystem风险资本 venturecapital筹集资本 toraisecapital拆除壁垒 todismantlebarriers国内市场 homemarketLesson7Text全球贸易谈判 globaltradetalk生计 livelihood经济减速 economicslowdown市场力量 marketforces利益的分配 distributionofbenefits调和世界贸易国家的不同利益 toreconcilethedivergentinterestsoftheworld’stradingnations成交 tostrikeadeal服务业市场 servicesmarket反倾销 antidumping不公平的贸易补偿 unfairtraderemedies市场准入 marketaccess后继谈判 follow-onnegotiation取缔工业产品的配额 tobanquotasonindustrialproducts既得利益 vestedinterests敏感的问题 sensitiveissue大量补助 tosubsidizesomebodyheavily［条约］终止 toexpire(vi.)拖延谈判 toprolonganegotiation食品安全 foodsafety伪装了的贸易保护主义 disguisedprotectionism反倾销调查 antidumpinginvestigation减少关税和配额 thereductionoftariffandquotas履行承诺取消进口配额 tofulfillone’scommitmenttoeliminateimportquotas北美自由贸易协定 theNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement降低对进口商品的壁垒 tolowerbarriersonimports优惠的税率 favorabletariffrates代价高昂的 costly知识产权 intellectualproperty决策 decision-making先决条件 preconditionSupplementaryReading关税和贸易总协定 theGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)世贸组织总干事 theWTOdirector-general处理国际贸易制度中不平衡的问题 totackletheimbalancesintheinternationaltradingsystem强硬的立场 hardline关税壁垒 tariff