人教版高一英语必修二Unit-1-语法Grammar课件

复习定语从句复习关系代词和关系副词主宾定人：物（时/地/原）：人：物（时/地/原）：物（时/地/原）：人：who,thatwhich,thatwhom,who,that,--which,that,--whose状时间:地点：原因：=

+

whenwherewhy介词which1.Theman

livesnextdoorisawriter.2.Thewoman

Ivisitedlastweekisafamouswriter.3.Beijingisthecity

hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.4.Adictionaryisabook

youcanusetolearnmorewords.5.Thelittleboy

eyesareblueisholdingadog.6.Thehouse

roofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.

who/thatwho/whom/that/-which/that

which/that/-whosewhosewhenIbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear______NewChinawasfounded.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tcome?why9.Ican’tremembertheplace_________Iputmybook.where复习巩固：用适当的关系词填空一、定语从句的定义：

用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。eg:1.Doyouknowtheman

whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?

2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.定语从句归纳总结二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物subject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略关系副词的用法指代所做成分是否可省略whentimeadverbial（状语）nowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno关系副词

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时先行词是who或who引导的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(4)当先行词既有人又有物时,用关系代词thatWeweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschools

that

wehadvisitedthere.关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况（1）在介词之后Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.（2）当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.(3)在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.

that和who在指人的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用who而不用that。1.先行词为those,one,ones,peoples时

ThosewhoarefromQingdaocomethisway.2.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时Isthereanybodyelsewhoshouldbeinvited

关系副词when,where,why的用法

关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/during…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for+which

1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.A.Iknowaplacewhere

wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/that

isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.Compare:关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分（注意事项）B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen

wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhy

hewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/which

heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.注意:关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或whoma.Thisistheboywithwhomheworked.b.Thisistheboywhomheworkedwith.c.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwith.d.Thisistheboyheworkedwith.e.Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.f.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.g.Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge.h.Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.

as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；在从句中做主语或宾语；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。

e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted. Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected. Itwasraininghard,which/aswasunexpected.常用于asisknowntoall,asyouknow,asisexpected，thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as句型中，as不可省略…

1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.比较：

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarry’swedding.

Which和as在引导非限定性定语从句时可以指代一件事，如：ThegentlemanadmiredMrs.Brown,whichsurprisedme.Aswehadexpected,hisperformancewasexcellent.在这时as可以在句首，which不可以；as有正如的意思，而which没有。Grammer限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句之间的区别种类意义结构要求功能引导词译法

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句起限制性作用，指特定的人或物，不可省略，否则原句不完整紧跟先行词，与先行词之间没有逗号

修饰先行词关系代词关系副词及that

一般译为定语从句仅作补充说明，若省，原句意思不变用逗号与主句隔开修饰先行词或整个句子关系代词关系副词可译为并列分句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：a)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?

站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.

意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。1.Someoftheroadswereflooded,

madeourjourneymoredifficult.2.Hehassmoothlyenteredakeymiddleschool,

makeshisparentsveryhappy.3.MrKing,

legswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.5.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,

storyIhavejusttoldyou.6.Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.7.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,______costmemorethan100yuan.8.MrSmith,____gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.9.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,______Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhowhom练习Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）比较：a)Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.

Shehasmorethantwobrothers.她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.

Shehasonlytwobrothers.她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。a)Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。

b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

关系代词whichthat位置含义在‘介词+关系代词’中句首/句中句中正如，像这√×1.Shewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where3.Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that5.Theoldmanhastwosons,_______isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem6.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich7.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_____itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when8.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.that