《商务英语阅读（上册）（第四版）》课后参考答案 国晓立、周树玲

PAGE12 商务英语阅读（上册）（第二版）辅导用书商务英语阅读(上册)（第四版）主编国晓立周树玲参考答案1I.1. Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.2. Internationaltradecanleadincreasedexposureforbothfirmsandcountriestotheforcesintheinternationaleconomy:changesinpricesanddemandinexportmarkets,changesinpricesandsupplyofimportedproducts,andchangesinexchangerates.3. Internationaltradeisinextricablylinkedwithforeigndirectinvestment,internationaltechnologytransfer,andinternationalfinance.4. Technologytransferisoftenaccomplishedthroughinternationaltradeincapitalgoodsand,inturn,technologytransferleadstotradeinrawmaterialsandsemi-finishedandfinalproducts.5. Aportfolioinvestmentisanon-controllinginterestincompanyorownershipofaloantoanotherparty.Companiesuseportfolioinvestmentsprimarilyforshort-termfinancialgain,thatis,asameansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.II.1.i2.e3.g4.j5.d6.b7.c8.f9.h10.aIII.了解国际贸易及其动因和运作的方式，不仅对那些直接从事国际贸易工作的管理人员，同时对所有的企业经理而言均是不可或缺的。国际贸易，即进出口贸易，式。IV.1. Internationaltradehelpsallnationstofostertheeconomicgrowth.2. Formostcountries,internationaltradeorforeigntradeisthemostimportantpartoftheirinternationalactivities.3. Foreigndirectinvestmentincreasedsteadily.4. Inthecomplexeconomicworld,nocountrycanbecompletelyself-sufficient.5. SincetheendofWorldWarII,internationalservicetradehasgreatlydeveloped.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.T2.F3.T4.F5.FII.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.D快速阅读2I.1.RapiddevelopmentinnewmodesofforeigntradewillhelpupgradetraditionalmanufacturingandboostreformandinnovationeffortsinthetraditionaltradesectorinthePearlRiverDeltaregion.Newbusinessmodesinforeigntradenotonlyhelpboostthelocaleconomybutalsohelppromotetradebalance.2.Thenewforeigntrademodesincludeimprovingforeigntradeservices,cross-bordere-commerce,financialleasingandbondedimports.3.Itwas20.35billionyuan($3.13billion)inthefirst11monthsof2017inGuangzhou.4.Chinawillincreaseimportsandcutimporttariffsonsomeproductstopromotebalancedtrade.5.Thecustoms'ITplatformexaminesandcertifiesinformationofgoodsintransaction,logisticsandconsumptionquotas.II.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.T参考答案2I.1. Disputesettlementisthecentralpillarofthemultilateraltradingsystem,andtheWTO’suniquecontributiontothestabilityoftheglobaleconomy.WTO’sprocedureenhancestheruleoflaw,anditmakesthetradingsystemmoresecureandpredictable.Thesystemisbasedonclearlydefinedrules,withtimetablesforcompletingacase.Firstrulingsaremadebyapanelandendorsed(orrejected)bytheWTO’sfullmembership.Appealsbasedonpointsoflawarepossible.2. PrinciplesthatWTOfollowsinsettlingdisputeareequitable,fast,effective,andmutuallyacceptable.3. 1year(withoutappeal),1yearand3months(withappeal)4. Thefirststageforsettlingdisputesisconsultation.

Thesecondstageinvolvesthepanel.

Thethirdstageisappeals.

Inanycase,theDisputeSettlementBodymonitorshowadoptedrulingsareimplemented.Anyoutstandingcaseremainsonitsagendauntiltheissueisresolved.5. Officially,thepanelishelpingtheDisputeSettlementBodymakerulingsorrecommendations.Butbecausethepanel’sreportcanonlyberejectedbyconsensusintheDisputeSettlementBody,itsconclusionsaredifficulttooverturn.Thepanel’sfindingshavetobebasedontheagreementscited.II.1.g2.e3.j4.h5.d6.b7.c8.f9.i10.aIII.1. 解决争端是多边贸易体制的核心支柱，也是世贸组织对稳定全球经济的独特贡献。2. 一国采用了某项贸易政策措施，或采取了某种被另一个或多个世贸组织其他成员认定为违反世贸组织协议的行动时，或者没有履行职责时，争端就出现了。3. 如果双方商定，期限可以灵活机动。假如某案件非常紧急（如涉及易腐货物），可以尽可能地加快进程。4. 解决争端是由全体成员组成的争端解决机构（或称之为总理事会）的职责。5. 专家小组可以帮助争端解决机构作出裁决或者提出建议。IV.1. TheWTOisaglobalorganizationdealingwithinternationaltrade.2. Businessdisputesoccurfrequentlyininternationaltrade.3. Alongwiththegrowthofinternationalbusinessandexchange,casesrequiringinternationalarbitrationtosolvedisputearisingfrominternationaltrade,investment,andtheintellectualpropertyareincreasing.4. Disputesbetweencountriesshouldbesettledpeacefully.5. TheWTOprovidesamechanismforsolvingtradedisputes.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.T2.F3.T4.F5.TII.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.D快速阅读2I.1.ThefarmisintheStateofIowa.2.Soybeantradersusuallyhavetobuygoodshalfayearinadvance,andthenbeansareshippedoutontotheocean.Uncertaintyofpoliciesincreasestherisksofthetrade.3.Iowaexportedmorethan$5billionofsoybeanstoChinalastyear.4.ThesoybeanfarmersareworriedbecausetheyhaveseenrecentlythatChinahasbackedawayfrompurchasingfromtheU.S.5.IftheyfindthattheUSproductisnotaneconomicallyprofitablethingtopurchase,theywillgoelsewhere.II.1.F2.T3.F4.T5.T参考答案3I.1. Economicglobalizationisaproductofthecurrentworldeconomic,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Ithasbroughtallthecountriesintheworlddevelopmentopportunities,severechallengesandrisks,aswellasasubjectofhowtoestablishajustandreasonablenewinternationaleconomicorder.2. Thiscurrentwaveofglobalizationhasbeendrivenbypoliciesthathaveopenedeconomiesdomesticallyandinternationally.IntheyearssincetheWorldWarII,andespeciallyduringthepasttwodecades,thewholeworldreacheditsgeographiclimitwiththeextensionofcapitalistmarket,andtraditionaltradepatternsweredisrupted.3. Globalizationisdeeplycontroversial,however.Proponentsofglobalizationarguethatitallowspoorcountriesandtheircitizenstodevelopeconomicallyandraisetheirstandardsofliving,whileopponentsofglobalizationclaimthatthecreationofanunfetteredinternationalfreemarkethasbenefitedmultinationalcorporationsintheWesternworldattheexpenseoflocalenterprises,localcultures,andcommonpeople.Resistancetoglobalizationhasthereforetakenshapebothatapopularandatagovernmentallevelaspeopleandgovernmentstrytomanagetheflowofcapital,labor,goods,andideasthatconstitutethecurrentwaveofglobalization.4. Advancesincomputersandcommunicationstechnologyarepermittinganincreasedflowofideasandinformationacrossborders,enablingcustomertolearnaboutforeigngoods.TheeaseofobtaininginformationandmakingtransactionsontheInternethasstartedtohaveaprofoundeffectonmanyfirmsandespeciallyonbusiness-to-businesscommerce.5. TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement

AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

TheEuropeanUnionII.1.g2.d3.a4.f5.i6.j7.e8.c9.b10.hIII.目前的趋势是将形成一个统一的、社会化的国际社会。诸多优惠贸易协定，如北美自由贸易协定、东盟、欧盟等，将数个国家整合到一个单一的市场，为公司提供了销售其产品的重要机遇。许多公司已经迅速采取行动，通过出口或通过设立制造厂进入这些地区。IV.1.Inacertainsense,economicglobalizationitselfisormeansculturalglobalization.2.Theprocessofglobalizationhaschangedourlifegreatlyfromeveryaspect.3.Globalizationisbridgingtheeconomiesofdistantcountries.4. Withtheeverincreasingglobalizationintradeflow,fundsflowandinformationflow,competitionacrosscountriesandregionswillintensify.5. Intheneweraofknowledge-basedeconomyandglobalization,commerceandtradelogistics(CTL)hasbecomeoneofthehottopics.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.TII.1.C2.B3.C4.D5.D快速阅读2I.1.Morethan50percent.2.China'se-commerceexportssurgedto33.65billionyuanlastyear,whileimportsrocketedto56.59billionyuan.3.China'scustomsauthoritywillcontinuetoboostcross-bordere-commerceandimproveservicestomeetChinesedemandtobuyforeigngoodsonline.4.Unliketraditionalforeigntrade,dealsmadethroughe-commerceplatformsofteninvolvesmallordersandtargetend-consumers,posingnewchallengestocustomscontrol.5.AdraftWCOframeworkofstandardsoncross-bordere-commercewillbediscussedtodetermineonthebasicprinciplesoncustomscontrolanddiscussionsovertheframeworkwillalsotouchupontradeconvenienceandsecurity,taxation,statisticsandcapacitybuilding.II.1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T参考答案4I.1. IthascausedfrictionwithmanyofChina’stradepartnersandAmericaisoneofthem.2. TheybelievetheappreciationoftheyuancanhelpUSreduceitstradedeficitwithChinaandeasedomesticinflationpressure.3. Ontheonehand,astrongerRMBisgoodnewsforthoseplanningoverseastravel,study,investmentandlarge-scalecompanyprocurement.AnditwillalsostimulateimportgrowthinChina.Ontheotherhand,appreciationoftheyuanwillharmChina’seconomy,bybringingpressureonexportgrowth.4. TheappreciationoftheyuanwillmakeChineseexportsmoreexpensiveandthereforereduceexportvolume.Duetoexportpressureandlowcompetitiveness,someexport-drivensmallandmediumcompaniesmaynotbeabletosurviveandhavetolayoffemployees.5. TheChineseGovernmentshouldencouragedomesticexporterstodiversifytheirmarket,purchasemoreproductsmadebytheUnitedStatesintheformofgovernmentprocurement,takemoreactivemeasures,suchasissuinganannulwhitepaper,andaccelerateChina’sreformofthefinancialsystem.6. OntheAmericanside,USconsumershadsavedUS$600billioninthepastdecadebybuyingcheapergoodsmadeinChina.Chinahadalsousedasignificantchunkofforeignexchangereserves,partlyearningsfromitstradesurplus,tobuyUSbonds.ForChina,exportsvolumecontributesalottotheeconomicgrowth.II.1.b2.f3.j4.c5.i6.d7.e8.a9.g10.hIII.人民币升值对于中国市场是把“双刃剑”。很多经济学家认为，人民币升值会伤害中国经济发展，而不是促进其发展。人民币升值会使中国出口商品变得昂贵，继而会减少出口量。中国出口的生产材料主要是科技含量低的初级产品，导致了出口竞争力较低。人民币升值后，出口产品的价格在国际市场上攀升。因此，市场竞争力将进一步被减弱，给出口增长带来压力。一些以出口为主的中小型公司可能无法生存，不得不解雇员工。IV.1. Asthecomprehensivestrengthofthenationaleconomygrows,theChinesecurrency,Renminbi(RMB),begantoappreciate.2. Astheaddedvalueoftheexportedproductsislow,theappreciationofRMBwillaffectChina’sexport.3. TradefrictionbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinawillincreaseinthecomingyears.4. Theprocessingofaprimaryproductwilladdvaluetotheproduct,therebyimprovingexportreturnsandcreatingjobopportunities.5. Itisofgreatimportancetopersistinsmall-magnitudeappreciationandtoimprovethemanagedfloatingexchangeratesystem.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.Thereportcoveredseveralareas,includingtherateofinternationalization,initiativesinfluencinginternationalization,industrysentiment,RMB-denominatedfinancialassetsheldabroad,andforeignRMBbond-holding.2.398Chineseandoverseasenterprisesandfinancialinstitutionshavetakenpartinthesurvey.3.TheBeltandRoadInitiative,theinclusionofRMBintoSpecialDrawingRightscurrencybasketandpoliciestofurtheropenthemarketreleasedbyChineseregulators.4.Attheendof2017,totalRMB-denominatedfinancialassetsheldbyforeigninstitutionsandindividualsamountedto4.28trillionyuan(630billionU.S.dollars).5.ForeigninstitutionsincreasedRMBbond-holdingsby347.7billionyuan,andtotaloutstandingyuanbondsheldbyforeigninstitutionsattheyear-endreachedarecordhighlevelof1.15trillionyuan.II.1.T2.F3.T4.T5.T快速阅读2I.1.Economistssaytherearemanyreasonsforthis,includingpossiblecontagionfromfinancialproblemsinTurkey.TheyalsosayinvestorsareworriedabouttheeffectsofthetradedisputebetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.2.ItisthefallofTurkey'sliraandthepossibilitythatitcouldbringdownothercurrenciesthathascausedproblemsinAsiancurrencymarkets.3.SomemediareportshavesaidthattheU.S.-ChinatradewarhascausedinvestorsinIndiatomoveawayfromlocalstocksandsimilarassets.4.VietnameseofficialsarefrightenedaboutrecentU.S.andChineseactionsandeveryoneisbeingcautious.5.FinancialofficialsofsomeAsiangovernmentshaveansweredmarketuncertaintybyraisinginterestrates.II.1.F2.F3.T4.F5.T参考答案5I.1. Atariffisataxordutyleviedoncommoditieswhentheycrossnationalboundaries,normallyanimportduty,forthepurposeofraisingtheirsellingpriceintheimportingnation’smarkettoreducecompetitionagainstdomesticproducers.Itisthemostcommonmethodofrestrictingtrade.2. Advalorem,specific,alternative,orcompound.Anadvaloremisfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoods.Itmaybebased,dependingonthecountry,eitheronthevalueofthegoodslandedattheportofdestination,orattheportinthecountryoforigin.Aspecificdutyrelatestolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonweight,number,length,volume,orotherunitofmeasurement.Analternativedutyiswhereeitheranadvaloremdutyoraspecificonecanbeprescribedforaproduct,withtherequirementthatthemoreexertiveoneshallapply.Acompounddutyisacombinationofanadvaloremdutyandaspecificone.3. Contrarytotariffdutieswhicharerelativelytransparent,non-tariffbarriersareoftenmorecomplexanddifficulttosniffandthereforeassessthantariffs.Furthermore,non-tariffbarrierscanhavemoretrade-restrictiveeffectsthantariffs.4. Quotasandvoluntaryexportrestraints.5. Allthedistinctformsmaygenerallybeclassifiedunderthreeprincipalheadings:(a)directgovernmentparticipationintrade,(b)customsandotheradministrativeprocedures,and(c)variousstandards.II.1.c2.f3.a4.e5.h6.g7.b8.j9.d10.iIII.关税会以下列四种形式出现：从价税、从量税、选择税或复合关税。最常使用的一种是从价税，是以商品价格的百分比计算，例如10%，20%或25%。根据不同国家，它们不是以到达目的港的商品价格为依据，就是以原产国港口的货物价格为依据。从量税是根据商品的重量、数量、长度、体积或其他单位来征税—例如，每磅或每码25美元。选择税，即规定对一种产品既可以征收从价税又可以征收从量税，最终按照税额更多的税种征收。复合关税，即对进口货物同时征收从量税和从价税，例如，征收商品价格的10%外加每千克1美元。IV.1. Theunionhasaskedthegovernmenttoimposetradebarrieronforeigncars.2. Tradebarriersusuallyconsistoftariffbarriersandnon-tariffbarriers.3. Tariffshavedeclinedworldwidefromanaverageof40%in1940to7%in1990.4. TheWTOhascontinuedtopushfortheeliminationoftradebarriers.5. Weshouldreducetradebarriersandenhanceeconomicandtradecooperationtoanewlevel.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.T2.T3.F4.T5.FII.1.B2.C3.D4.A5.D快速阅读2I.1. BecausetheyillegallygiveaidtoexporterswhosupplyplasticforEurope’srapidlygrowingsoft-drinksmarket.2. Allegationsofillegalsubsidiesinthethreecountries,aninvestigationandthentheproposal.3. EuropeanplasticsmakerswhosayillegaltradepracticesaresqueezingthemoutofEurope’smarket.4. Becausetheyfeardutieswilltranslateintoplasticshortages.5. Theythinkthatthetariffswillsqueezetheirprofitsandopentheirownoperationstocompetitionfromabroad,whilefailingtosavelocalplasticsproductionlongterm.II.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.F参考答案6I.1. Therearethreemethodstocalculateaproduct’s“normalvalue”.Themainoneisbasedonthepriceintheexporter’sdomesticmarket.Twoalternativesarethepriceatwhichtheproductissoldtoathirdcountry,andthe“constructedvalue”oftheproduct,whichiscalculatedonthebasisofthecostofproduction,plusselling,general,andadministrativeexpenses,andprofits.2. WTOmemberscanimposeanti-dumpingmeasures,if,afterinvestigationinaccordancewiththeAgreement,adeterminationismade(a)thatdumpingisoccurring,(b)thatthedomesticindustryproducingthelikeproductintheimportingcountryissufferingmaterialinjury,and(c)thatthereisacausallinkbetweenthetwo.3. Typicallyanti-dumpingactionmeanschargingextraimportdutyontheparticularproductfromtheparticularexportingcountryinordertobringitspriceclosertothe“normalvalue”ortoremovetheinjurytodomesticindustryintheimportingcountry.4. Anti-dumpingcanregulatethesituationarisingoutofthedumpingofgoodsanditstradedistortiveeffectandre-establishfairtrade,providingrelieftothedomesticindustryagainsttheinjurycausedbydumping.5. Onewayistoenhancethetechnologicalcontentsoftheexportproductsandaddedvaluetostrengthentheircompetitivenessforexportsoastowinhighpricebyhighquality.Enterprisesshouldalsomakeanearneststudyoftherelatedlawsinalienlandsandfosteragroupofanti-dumpingprofessionalsassoonaspossible.II.1.c2.e3.a4.g5.b6.h7.i8.d9.j10.fIII.如果在本国市场上的售价超过了在进口国市场上的售价，那么在这个售价上就存在确定了（1）倾销正在发生，（2）进口国生产相似产品的国内产业在遭受物质损害，（3）两者有因果关系，世贸组织成员就可以强制采取反倾销措施。典型的反倾销行动的手段就是对特定出口国的特定产品额外征收进口税，以便使产品价格接近“正常值”或消除对进口国国内产业的损害。IV.1. TheUShasaccusedJapanofdumpingmini-vanshereinAmerica.2. Anti-dumpingisoneoflegitimatemethodspermittedbyWTOtoresistunfaircompetitionfromabroad.3. Thegovernmentshallhavetheauthoritytoadoptpromptandeffectiveprovisionalmeasureswhereappropriate.4. Oneoftheprotectionmeasuresistolevyanti-subsidydutiesagainstimportedgoods.5. Inthepast,manyChinesecompanieswerereluctanttoparticipateinforeignanti-dumpingproceedings.V.Omitted快速阅读1I. 1．F2.T3.T4.F5.T=2\*ROMANII.1.D.2.A3.C4.A5.C快速阅读2I.1.Anti-dumpingpracticesbytheUnitedStates.2. ChinafiledadisputeagainsttheUnitedStates,takingissuewiththewayWashingtonassesseswhetherexportshavebeen"dumped"atunfairlylowpricesontotheUSmarket.3. TheWTO'sDisputeSettlementBody.4. Ifthetwopartieshavenotreachedagreementonasatisfactorycompensationwithin20daysoftheWTOdeadline,ChinacanrequestpermissiontoimposesanctionsontheU.S.5. Intotal,approximatelyUS$7.043billionannually.II.1.F2.T3.F4.T5.T参考答案7I.1. InFrankShallenberger’ssmall-businessclass,Shallenbergeraskedhisclasstoinventanewbusiness,describeitspurposeandcreateamarketingplanandhealsodefinedthetypeofpersonwhowasanentrepreneur,whichmadeKnightawareofwhathereallywouldliketodo.2. ItisonepartofJapaneseculture,soitcangiveevidencetothefactthatKnighthasbeenenamoredofJapanesecultureandbusinesspractices.3. Hefoundawaytoutilizesociety’sworshipofheroes,obsessionwithstatussymbolsandpredilectionforsingular,oftenrebelliousfigures.Nike’sseductivemarketingfocusesonacharismaticathleteorimage,rarelyevenmentioningorshowingtheshoes.4. BecauseKnightunderstoodandcapturedthezeitgeistofAmericanpopcultureandmarriedittosports.5. Hehasjumpedintotheanimationgame.II.1.g2.i3.a4.f5.b6.c7.d8.j9.h10.eIII.1. 从斯坦福大学毕业后，奈特勉强服从了父亲的意愿，在波特兰的一家会计事务所找了一份“真正”的工作。2. 但他坚信，这些廉价的、高性能的运动鞋定能击败市场上像阿迪达斯、匡威、凯德这样的顶级品牌。3. 1972年耐克运动鞋的销售额达到320万美元，在之后的十年中每年的利润都翻了一番。4. 即使迈克尔·乔丹极具运动员风范，魅力超凡，单凭他自己的力量也无法使耐克成为像可口可乐、麦当劳这样的全球知名品牌。5. 奈特理解并抓住了美国流行文化的时代精神，使之与体育联姻，因此，耐克成为了一种文化符号。6. 他找到一种方法，充分利用了社会对英雄的崇拜、对身份象征的迷恋以及对一些叛逆个体的偏好。IV.1. PriortohisappointmentasCEO,Mr.Moorehadworkedatthecompanyfortwelveyears.2. Achiefexecutiveofficeristhehighest-rankingcorporateadministratorinchargeoftotalmanagementofanorganization.3. PeoplealwaystrytounveilhowtheoutstandingCEOshavesucceededinundertakingtheirresponsibilities.4. TheCEOisresponsibleforthesuccessorfailureofthecompany,especiallyinastartup.5. ACEOmusthaveabalanceofinternalandexternalinitiativestobuildasustainablecompany.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.F.2.F3.T4.T5.FII.1.B2.D3.D4.A5.A快速阅读2I.1. Itturnedhimintooneofthearea’sleadingcitizens.2. ItwasattheexpositionthatHersheyfirstbecamefascinatedwiththeartofchocolatemaking,beganproducingchocolatecoating,andthenstartedtheHersheyChocolateCompany.3. BecauseuptothentheprocessofmakingmilkchocolatehadbeenkeptacloselyguardedsecretbytheSwiss.4. Becauseitwasconvenienttotheportcitiesthatcouldprovidecocoabeansandsugar,surroundedbydairyfarmsandendowedwithahardworkingpopulace.5. Workerswhoweretreatedfairlyandwholivedinacomfortable,pleasantenvironmentwouldbebetterworkers.II.1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F参考答案8I.1. 1951:theEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)

1957:theEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunity(Euroatom)andtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)(theTreatiesofRome)

1967:theEuropeanCommunity(EC)

Thus,theEuropeanUnion(EU)(theTreatyofMaastricht)2. TheEuropeanCommissionisthecoreinstitutionthatrunsthedaytodaybusinessandtheonlyEuropeaninstitutionthatcandraftlegislation.

TheEuropeanParliamentprovidesademocraticforumfordebate.Ithasawatchdogfunctionandalsoplaysapartinthelegislativeprocess.

TheCounciloftheEuropeanUnionisthemaindecision-makinginstitution.

TheEuropeanCourtofJusticeadjudicatesondisputesrelatingtoEUpowersanddecisionmaking.3. OneprimebenefitofNAFTAisthatgoodsshippedbetweenthethreecountrieshavelabelsprintedinthreelanguages:French,Spanish,andEnglish.AnotheristhattheNAFTAagreementalsoencouragesgreaterimmigrationbetweenthethreecountries.4. Notexactly.TheEU,likeNAFTA,isaneconomicunionthatfostersgreatertradeandcooperationbetweenalargehandfulofthecountriesofEurope.EUmembers,however,haveacommoncurrency“Euro”,whileNAFTAmembersdonot.Also,theEUhasapoliticalelementanditsowngovernment,neitherofwhichNAFTAhas.5. APECistheonlyinter-governmentalgroupingintheworldoperatingonthebasisofnon-bindingcommitments,opendialogueandequalrespectfortheviewsofallparticipants.UnliketheWTOorothermultilateraltradebodies,APEChasnotreatyobligationsrequiredofitsparticipants.DecisionsmadewithinAPECarereachedbyconsensusandcommitmentsandundertakenonavoluntarybasis.6. Regionaleconomicintegrationbringsabouttradecreation;enlargesthemarketcapacity;stimulatescompetitionandinvestment;facilitatestheflowoffactorsofproduction;promotesinternationaldivisionoflabor;enhancesproductivityandreducestransactioncosts,sothattheresourcesareeffectivelyallocatedamongthemembers.Thetotalwelfareofallmemberswillincreaseafterintegration.Theprospectsofthesebenefitshelpedtheemergenceofregionalorganizationsforeconomicintegration.II.1.d2.g3.a4.f5.b6.c7.i8.j9.e10.hIII.区域经济一体化常指某些在一定的区域范围内，地理相邻的国家建立合作组织，以减少并最终取消关税和非关税壁垒，使商品、服务以及生产要素可以在各成员国间自由IV.1. TheoverallstrategicgoalofPan-PearlRiverDeltaregionaleconomiccooperationistoachieveregionaleconomicintegration.2. CitizensoftheEUcantravelwithoutrestrictionwithintheEU.3. Inameredecade,APEChasgrowntoakeyeconomiccooperationforumintheworld,boasting21membersintheAsia-Pacific.4. IntheG20,industrializedcountriesandemergingmarketscometogethertoshareideasandpromotefinancialstability.5. TheASEANhasbecomearepresentationforregionalcooperationinSoutheastAsia.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.F2.T3.T4.F5.FII.1.A2.D3.B4.D5.D快速阅读2I.1.ItseekstoexpandmaritimeroutesandlandinfrastructurenetworksconnectingChinawithAsia,AfricaandEurope,boostingtradeandeconomicgrowth.2.Theyarepolicycoordination,facilitatingconnectivity,unimpededtrade,financialintegrationandestablishingnewbondsbetweenpeople.3.In2013,China’sPresidentXiJinpingdrewinspirationfromtheconceptoftheSilkRoadestablishedduringtheHanDynasty2000yearsago.4.Becausethroughpolicyreform,ChinaandBRIpartnersaresuccessfullyworkingtogethertofacilitatetradeandinvestmentactivitiestoensurelowernon-tariffbarriers,transparencyoftechnicalmeasuresandthefreeflowoflabor–allkeytocreatingahealthybusinessenvironmentintheregion.5.Theywillneedtodeepentheirunderstandingofneighboringcountries,coordinateeconomicdevelopmentstrategiesandpolicies,andbuildacoherentgovernancearchitecturethatencouragestransparency,inclusivenessandaccountability.II.

1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F参考答案9I.1. Theenvironmentprovidesmanybasicinputsofeconomicactivity—forests,fisheries,metals,minerals—aswellastheenergyusedtoprocessthosematerials.Tradeandinvestment,inturn,areaffectedbyenvironmentalconcerns,asproducersandinvestorsmustcomplywithenvironmentalregulationsandmarketsmustaddresstheconsumerdemandforgreenergoods.2.Tradeandinvestmentrules.3. “Relationsinthefieldoftradeandeconomicendeavorshouldbeconductedwithaviewtoraisingstandardsofliving...seekingbothtoprotectandpreservetheenvironmentandtoenhancethemeansfordoingso.”4. US-JordanFreeTrade.5. Environmentalagreementsandeffectivenationalenvironmentalpolicieshelptodecreasethepossibilitythateconomicintegrationcouldleadcountriestorelaxtheirhealth,safetyandenvironmentalstandardsinordertoattractinternationalinvestmentorgainacompetitiveadvantageinthemarketplace.II.1.c2.j3.g4.a5.i6.b7.h8.e9.f10.dIII.世界经济一体化有可能导致一些国家为了吸引外资或为了在市场经济中获得一席之地而放松健康、安全和环境方面的标准。世贸环境协议以及有效的国家性环境政策降低了这种可能性。如果没有适当的经济政策，日益发展的全球化经济及全球化投资也许不能持续发展下去，世贸环境协议也重申了这一点。这些协议正是为了减慢或阻止环境的进一步恶化而签署的，目前这些协议有的仍处于谈判状态，有的已经开始实施。IV.1. Theseenterprisesmustbemadetocomplywiththeenvironmentalregulations,otherwise,theconsequenceswillbequiteserious.2.Asidefrommotorcars,thefactoryturnsoutbicycles.3.Let’stakethecompanyasanexampletoseehowtheydotheirexporttrade.4.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.5.Climatechangeresultsfromthedestructionoftheenvironment.V.Omitted快速阅读1I.1.Theaimofthemeeting,hostedbytheZoologicalSocietyofLondon,istofindnewwaystoprotectanimalsandreducedemandforwildlifeproducts.2. PrinceCharlesandPrinceWilliam,DukeofCambridgewilljointhemeetinghostedbytheUKgovernment.3.Poacherskilledrhinosfortheirhorns.4.20,000elephantswerekilledinAfricaduring20125.Tigersarethoughttonumberjust3,200inthewild.II.1.F2.T3.T4.F5.T快速阅读2I.Becausecitiesareconcrete,glassandsteel–theylookandactunnaturally-absorbingheatandrepellingwater.CarloBeckerTheSpongeCitystrategyaimstokeeprainwaterwhereitlands,toimitatethenaturalwatercycle.It’slikeaspongeanditsoaksthewaterduringheavyrainfallandthenit’susedbytheplants,sotheyta