基于ds1302多功能数字钟电子电工-课程设计

物理与电子科学学院电子电工实验基于DS1302多功能数字时钟--万年历实验报告实验名称：基于DS1302多功能数字钟试验日期：2014年01月05日专业：电子信息工程姓名：刘斌班级：物电1105班学号：2011112030560设计理念：电子万年历是一个应用非常广泛的实用日常计时工具，带有显示温度，显示世纪，年，月，日，星期，时，分，秒和按键可调时间及其按键设置闹钟的功能，同时具有月末自动更新，闰年补偿功能，整点报时等多种功能。环境温度检测系统在日常生活和工业应用非常广泛，能实时采集周围的温度信息进行显示。此系统是基于STC89C52单片机设计的，包含液晶显示模块，DS1302实时时钟模块，DS18B20温度采集模块，键盘扫描模块，蜂鸣器报警模块。STC89C52作为控制核心，具有功耗低，功能强等特点，电压可选3到5V电源供电。显示模块采用1602液晶动态显示，相对数码管而言经济实用，占用空间小，对于显示数字、字母最为合适，而且与单片机连线简单，占用IO口相对较少。实时时钟芯片DS1302是一款经济实惠功能强大的较新型产品，该器件提供RTC/日历，可外加器件实现定时闹钟等功能，如果检测到主电源故障，该器件可自动切换到备用电源供电，可以保证在断电情况下精准走时，计时。温度检测显示模块采用数字式温度传感器DS18B20，该芯片具有精度高，测量范围广等优点，易与单片机连接，模块电路组成简单并同时具有温度报警功能。关键词：STC89C52，DS1302，DS18B20，1602液晶显示，电子万年历，采集设备周围环境温度、整点报时，闹钟时分通过按键设置，时、分、秒、年、月、日、星期通过按键进行调节校准……设计思路:核心控制体：STC89C52单片机实时时钟芯片：DS1302数字式温度传感器：DS18B20总共设有四个按键，为节约资源考虑，每个按键都有多种功能。四个按键分别标号为key1,key2,key3,key4。第一次按下key2,key3,key4都没有反应，首先按下key1键可选择指针位置，key2键为加键，key3为减键，key4键为闹钟设置清零键。操作简单，按键灵活。整点报时功能，可以按下key4键终止报警。主控主控模块时钟模块温度检测显示1602显示模块键盘扫描模块闹钟模块系统硬件需求介绍：STC89C52单片机一片，DS1302实时时钟芯片一个，DS18B20数字式温度传感器一个，+5V无源蜂鸣器一个，12MHZ、32KHZ晶振各一个，多个按键和开关，常用电容电阻，连接线，三极管，二极管若干，滑动变阻器一个，+3V纽扣电池一个。实施方案：1、单片机核心控制模块：核心控制器件选用STC89C52单片机。STC89C52单片机为40管脚双列直插芯片，它是一种高性能，低功耗的8位CMOS微处理器芯片，市场应用最多。而且价格便宜，控制方便，便于应用有4个I/O口分别为P1,P2,P3,P4。其中每一个管脚都能做独立的输入输出管脚，它的第9脚位复位管脚，接上电容和上拉电阻再带个开关构成复位电路。18,19管脚接外部晶振和两个微调电容构成外部晶振电路。单片机，复位电路，晶振，5V电源构成单片机最小系统。其中与AT89C52单片机管脚连接如下图：2、实时时钟电路模块：DS1302引脚排列:如下图引脚说明：1)1脚，Vcc2：后备电源，此设计中接+3V纽扣电池；8脚，VCC1：主电源，接+5V。在主电源关闭的情况下，也能保持时钟的连续运行。DS1302由Vcc1或Vcc2两者中的较大者供电。当Vcc2大于Vcc1＋0.2V时，Vcc2给DS1302供电。当Vcc2小于Vcc1时，DS1302由Vcc1供电。2）X1、X2即2脚3脚：振荡源，外接32.768kHz晶振。3）4脚END，接地端。4）5脚RST：复位/片选线，通过把RST输入驱动置高电平来启动所有的数据传送。RST输入有两种功能：首先，RST接通控制逻辑，允许地址/命令序列送入移位寄存器；其次，RST提供终止单字节或多字节数据的传送手段。当RST为高电平时，所有的数据传送被初始化，允许对DS1302进行操作。如果在传送过程中RST置为低电平，则会终止此次数据传送，I/O引脚变为高阻态。上电运行时，在Vcc>2.0V之前，RST必须保持低电平。只有在SCLK为低电平时，才能将RST置为高电平。5）I/O为串行数据输入输出端(双向）。6）SCLK为时钟输入端。**特别注意：5，6，7脚在硬件电路实现中，必须接上拉电阻，接+5V.3、DS18B20工作模块：

DS18B20的温度检测与数字数据输出全集成于一个芯片之上，从而抗干扰力更强。其一个工作周期可分为两个部分，即温度检测和数据处理。DS18B20的主要特征：

全数字温度转换及输出。

先进的单总线数据通信。

最高12位分辨率，精度可达土0.5摄氏度。

12位分辨率时的最大工作周期为750毫秒。

可选择寄生工作方式。

检测温度范围为–55°C~+125°C(–67°F~+257°F)

内置EEPROM，限温报警功能。

64位光刻ROM，内置产品序列号，方便多机挂接。

多样封装形式，适应不同硬件系统。

4、液晶显示模块：1602字符型液晶显示模块是一种专门用于显示字母、数字、符号等点阵式LCD，本设计采用16列*2行的字符型LCD1602带背光的液晶显示屏。引脚接口说明：第1脚：VSS为地电源。第2脚：VDD接5V正电源。第3脚：VL为液晶显示器对比度调整端，接正电源时对比度最弱，接地时对比度最高，对比度过高时会产生“鬼影”，使用时可以通过一个10K的电位器调整对比度。第4脚：RS为寄存器选择，高电平时选择数据寄存器、低电平时选择指令寄存器。第5脚：R/W为读写信号线，高电平时进行读操作，低电平时进行写操作。当RS和R/W共同为低电平时可以写入指令或者显示地址，当RS为低电平R/W为高电平时可以读忙信号，当RS为高电平R/W为低电平时可以写入数据。第6脚：E端为使能端，当E端由高电平跳变成低电平时，液晶模块执行命令。第7～14脚：D0～D7为8位双向数据线。第15脚：背光源正极。第16脚：背光源负极。5、蜂鸣器电路模块本实验设计中蜂鸣器用CS8050三极管驱动，蜂鸣器用5V的无源蜂鸣器，并接一个发光二极管作为指示灯，同时在负极串接一个限流电阻，数据端口接P3^7.Proteus仿真原理总框图：硬件电路实现：源程序：Shuzizhong.c#include<reg51.h>#include"ds18b20.h"#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintucharshi,fen,miao,ringshi,ringfen,nian,yue,ri,week,temp,count,m;sbitrs=P2^2;sbitrw=P2^3;sbiten=P2^4;sbitkey1=P3^4;//设置键sbitkey2=P3^5;//加键sbitkey3=P3^6;sbitkey4=P3^7;sbitIO=P1^1; //DS1302数据线sbitSCLK=P1^2; //DS1302时钟线sbitRST=P1^0;//DS1302复位线sbitbeep=P1^4;sbitACC0=ACC^0;sbitACC7=ACC^7;ucharcodetable[]="20--";ucharcodetable1[]="::";ucharcodetone[]={212,212,190,212,159,169,212,212,190,212,142,159,212,212,106,126,159,169,190,119,119,126,159,142,159,0};ucharcodelon[]={9,3,12,12,12,24,9,3,12,12,12,24,9,3,12,12,12,12,12,9,3,12,12,12,24,0};voiddelay(uintz){uintx,y;for(x=z;x>0;x--)for(y=120;y>0;y--); }voidyinyue(){uinti,j,k=0,l;{for(l=0;l<26;l++){for(i=0;i<codelon[k]*20;i++){if(key4==0){beep=0;break;}beep=~beep;for(j=0;j<codetone[k]/3;j++);}delay(10);k++;}}}voidwrite_LCD_com(ucharcom){rs=0;rw=0;P0=com;delay(5);en=1;delay(5);en=0;}voidwrite_LCD_da(uchardata1){rs=1;rw=0;P0=data1;delay(5);en=1;delay(5);en=0;}voidInit_LCD(){ucharnum;write_LCD_com(0x38);delay(1);write_LCD_com(0x01);delay(1);write_LCD_com(0x06);delay(1);write_LCD_com(0x0c);delay(1);write_LCD_com(0x80);for(num=0;num<10;num++){write_LCD_da(codetable[num]);delay(1);}write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40);for(num=0;num<8;num++){write_LCD_da(codetable1[num]);delay(1);}}voidwrite_LCDsfm(ucharadd,uchardate){ucharge,shi;shi=date/10;ge=date%10;write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+add);write_LCD_da(0x30+shi);write_LCD_da(0x30+ge);}voidwrite_LCDnyr(ucharadd,uchardate){ucharge,shi;shi=date/10;ge=date%10;write_LCD_com(0x80+add);write_LCD_da(0x30+shi);write_LCD_da(0x30+ge);}voidwrite_LCDweek(ucharweek){write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0b);switch(week){case1:write_LCD_da('M');write_LCD_da('O'); write_LCD_da('N'); break;case2:write_LCD_da('T');write_LCD_da('U'); write_LCD_da('E'); break;case3:write_LCD_da('W');write_LCD_da('E'); write_LCD_da('D'); break;case4:write_LCD_da('T');write_LCD_da('H'); write_LCD_da('U'); break;case5:write_LCD_da('F');write_LCD_da('R'); write_LCD_da('I'); break;case6:write_LCD_da('S');write_LCD_da('T'); write_LCD_da('A'); break;case7:write_LCD_da('S');write_LCD_da('U'); write_LCD_da('N'); break;}}voidwrite_LCD_Temperature(ucharadd,uchardate){ucharge,shi;shi=date/10;ge=date%10;write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+add);write_LCD_da(0x30+shi);write_LCD_da(0x30+ge);write_LCD_da(0xdf);write_LCD_da(0x43);}voidDS1302_write_byte(uchara){uchari;ACC=a; RST=1; for(i=8;i>0;i--) {IO=ACC0; SCLK=0; SCLK=1; ACC=ACC>>1; }}ucharDS1302_read_byte(){ucharj;RST=1; for(j=8;j>0;j--) {ACC7=IO; SCLK=1; SCLK=0; ACC=ACC>>1;}return(ACC);}voidDS1302_write_date(ucharaddr,uchardat)//写数据{RST=0;SCLK=0;RST=1;DS1302_write_byte(addr);DS1302_write_byte(dat);SCLK=1;RST=0;}ucharDS1302_read_date(ucharaddr){uchardat1,b;RST=0;SCLK=0;RST=1;DS1302_write_byte(addr);dat1=DS1302_read_byte();SCLK=1;RST=0;b=dat1/16*10+dat1%16;return(b);}voidDS1302_Init(){SCLK=0;RST=0;DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00);DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80);}voidkeyscan(){ if(key1==0){ if(key1==0) { while(!key1); count++; if(count==11)count=1; switch(count) {case1:TR0=0; write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('M'); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,0x80|m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); break; case2:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('F'); break; case3:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('S'); break; case4:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('W'); break; case5:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f)； write_LCD_da('R'); break; case6:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('Y'); break; case7:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('N'); break; case8:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e); write_LCD_da('R');delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('F');delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case9:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e)； write_LCD_da('R');delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('S');delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; case10:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e); write_LCD_da('\0');delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('\0');delay(3); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x0c); TR0=1; m=(miao)/10*16+(miao)%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,0x00|m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80);break; }}}if(count!=0){if(key2==0){delay(10);if(key2==0){while(!key2); switch(count) {case1:miao++; if(miao==60) miao=0; write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x07); break; case2:fen++; if(fen==60) fen=0; write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen); m=fen/10*16+fen%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x82,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case3:shi++; if(shi==24) shi=0; write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi); m=shi/10*16+shi%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x84,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; case4:week++; if(week==8) week=0; write_LCDweek(week); m=week/10*16+week%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8a,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0d); break; case5:ri++; if(ri==32) ri=0; write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri); m=ri/10*16+ri%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x86,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x09); break; case6:yue++; if(yue==13) yue=1; write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue); m=yue/10*16+yue%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x88,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x06); break;case7:nian++; if(nian==51) nian=0; write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian); m=nian/10*16+nian%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8c,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x03); break; case8:ringfen++; if(ringfen==60) ringfen=0; write_LCDsfm(0x03,ringfen); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break;case9:ringshi++; if(ringshi==24) ringshi=0; write_LCDsfm(0x00,ringshi); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; }}}if(key3==0){delay(10);if(key3==0) {while(!key3); switch(count) {case1:miao--; if(miao==-1) miao=59; write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x07); break; case2:fen--; if(fen==-1) fen=59; write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen); m=fen/10*16+fen%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x82,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case3:shi--; if(shi==-1) shi=23; write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi); m=shi/10*16+shi%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x84,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; case4:week--; if(week==0) week=7; write_LCDweek(week); m=week/10*16+week%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8a,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0d); break; case5:ri--; if(ri==0) ri=31; write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri); m=ri/10*16+ri%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x86,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x09); break; case6:yue--; if(yue==0) yue=12; write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue); m=yue/10*16+yue%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x88,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x06); break;case7:nian--; if(nian==-1) nian=50; write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian); m=nian/10*16+nian%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8c,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x03); break; case8:ringfen--; if(ringfen==-1) ringfen=59; write_LCDsfm(0x03,ringfen); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break;case9:ringshi--; if(ringshi==-1) ringshi=23; write_LCDsfm(0x00,ringshi); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break;}}}}}voidset_dingshiqi(){TMOD=0x01;TH0=64536/256;TL0=64536%256;EA=1;ET0=1;TR0=1;}voidgettime(){beep=0;temp=Read_Temperature();miao=DS1302_read_date(0x81);fen=DS1302_read_date(0x83);shi=DS1302_read_date(0x85);week=DS1302_read_date(0x8b);ri=DS1302_read_date(0x87);yue=DS1302_read_date(0x89);nian=DS1302_read_date(0x8d); write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi);write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen);write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao);if(miao==0&&fen==0&&shi>8&&shi<21) {yinyue(); } if(fen==ringfen&&shi==ringshi){yinyue();if(key4==0){ringshi=0;ringfen=0;} }write_LCDweek(week);write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri);write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue);write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian);write_LCD_Temperature(0x09,temp);}voidmain(){Init_LCD();DS1302_Init();set_dingshiqi();while(1){keyscan();} }voidtimer0()interrupt1{TH0=64536/256;TL0=64536%256;gettime();keyscan();}Ds18b20.hsbitDQ=P1^7;//unsignedcharwendu; //unsignedchartempbuf[3];voiddelay0(unsignedcharz){while(z--);}voidinit_ds18b20(){unsignedcharx=0;DQ=1; //DQ复位delay0(8);DQ=0; //单片机将DQ拉低delay0(80);//延时480us~960usDQ=1; //拉高总线delay0(14);//等待15us~60u。x=DQ;delay0(80);//低电平至少要持续60~240us}voidwrite_onechar(unsignedchardat){unsignedchari=0;for(i=0;i<8;i++){DQ=0;DQ=dat&0x01;delay0(15);DQ=1;dat=dat>>=1;}delay0(5);}unsignedcharread_onechar(){unsignedchari=0;unsignedchardat=0;for(i=0;i<8;i++){DQ=0;dat>>=1;DQ=1;if(DQ)dat|=0x80;delay0(20);} return(dat);}unsignedcharRead_Temperature(){unsignedchara,b;unsignedchartemp_value;init_ds18b20();write_onechar(0xCC);//跳过读序列号的操作write_onechar(0x44);//启动温度转换init_ds18b20();write_onechar(0xCC);//跳过读序列号的操作write_onechar(0xBE);//读取温度寄存器等（共可读9个寄存器）前两个就是温度a=read_onechar();b=read_onechar();b=b<<4;a=a>>4;temp_value=b|a;return(temp_value);} 目录TOC\o"1-2"\p""\h\z\u第一章总论 11.1项目概况 11.2研究依据及范围 21.3结论 31.4建议 4第二章项目建设的背景和必要性 52.1项目建设的背景 62.2项目建设的必要性 7第三章项目服务需求分析 9第四章项目选址与建设条件 114.1选址原则 114.2项目选址 114.3建设条件 12第五章建设方案与设计 125.1建设规模与内容 125.2总体规划设计 13HYPER