网球在中西方的发展差异

PAGEPAGE232015年5月10日ContentsTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u摘要 iiAbstract iiiIntroduction 1I.ThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestinculturalaspect 61.1Chineseculture 71.2Westernculture 9II.ThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestinsocialbackgroundaspect 112.1Chinesesociety 112.2Westernsociety 13III.ThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestineconomyaspect 153.1Chineseeconomy 153.2Westerneconomy 17Conclusion 19Bibliography 20Acknowledgements 21网球在中西方的发展差异摘要网球起源于西方，在西方已有一百多年的发展历史，而后相继传入世界各地。网球到达中国的时间较晚，但近几年发展迅猛，2004年雅典奥运会，2006年澳网女子双打冠军，2011年法网女子单打冠军，标志着我国女子网球项目的迅速崛起。但是，就总体而言，我国网球运动与西方国家相比，还是存在着巨大的差异，落后于世界先进水平。因此如何从若干领域比较中国网球运动和西方网球运动发展的相同之处与不同之处，从而找出对我国网球运动发展的有利因素，是现阶段我国广大网球理论工作者应该重视和深入研究的一个重要课题。本文采用文献资料法，比较研究法等想相关研究方法，对中国和西方发达国家的网球发展作比较研究，通过对异同作深层次比较研究，发现中西方网球运动相关领域的差异及其对中西方网球运动发展的影响，从而找到中国网球运动发展与西方网球运动发展的差距。根据研究的需要，本文将中西方网球运动比较的范围确定在中西方文化，社会背景和经济等方面进行考察，得出以下研究结论：1.网球是西方传统文化的产物，西方人在参加网球运动时具有天然的适应性和传承性，而中国传统文化在一定程度上影响着网球在中国的发展。2.与西方网球运动相比，中国网球运动仍处于落后阶段。在综合比较中，找到差距的成因，并努力改变，中国的网球才能与西方网球想匹敌。关键词：网球；中国；西方；差异AnalysisonthegapoftennisbetweenChinaandWestAbstractEuropeisthebirthplaceoftennis,andsometimelater,tennishasbeenintroducedtomanycountriesaroundtheworld.TennisarrivedinChinaalittlebitlateandyetdevelopsrapidly.Chinesefemaletennisplayershavewonthe2004AthensOlympic,the2008Australiaopenandthe2011Franceopen,whichmarksanewbeginning.Butasseenfromthewhole,thetennislevelbetweenChinaandwestisdistinct.Therefore,howtocomparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesoftennisandfindoutthefavorablefactorstoChinesetennisisanimportantsubjecttomanytheoreticalworkerstopayattentionandforin-depthresearch.Forthisreason,thisstudy,usingliteraturemethod,comparativeanalysisandotherresearch,makesacomparativestudybetweenChinesetennisandthewesterntennis.Throughadeeperlevelstudybetweensimilaritiesanddifferences,thisthesisaimstofindthedisparity,andtoprovideappropriatesuggestionsfortheChinesetennis.Ontheneedofthestudy,thispaperwillfixthescopeofthecomparisoninculture,socialbackgroundandeconomydevelopment.Followingaretheconclusions:1.Tennisisaproductofwesterncultureandwesternershaveanaturaladaptationandtransmissionwhentheyplaytennis,traditionalChineseculture,ontheotherhand,interferesthedevelopmentoftennis.2.Comparingwiththewesterntennislevel,Chinaisfallingbehind.BycomparingthedifferencesbetweenChinaandWestinvariousaspects,wemayfindthecausesandimproveourselvesandtrytocatchupwiththewesterncountries.KeyWords：Tennis;China;West;DifferenceIntroductionHistoriansbelievethatthegame'sancientoriginlayin12thcenturynorthern

France,whereaballwasstruckwiththepalmofthehand[1].TheFrenchking

wasakeenplayerof

\o"Jeudepaume"jeudepaume

(“gameofthepalm”),whichevolvedinto

\o"Realtennis"realtennis,andbecamenotableasthefirstpersontoconstructindoortenniscourtsintheModernstyle.Tennishasswepttheworldaroundtheseyears,andtennisplayersbothfromhomeorbroadaredoingagreatjob.Chinesetennisisdevelopingextremelyfastrecentyears,andthemostremarkablemonumentiswhenLinawontheFrenchopenin2011.Peopleinchinaarenowsoobsessedwithtennisthattheywouldn’tmissagame,theirenthusiasmisheightened.ButthedifferencebetweenChinaandwestisstilldistinguishing.Thedevelopmentofwesterntennishasreachedalevelthatchinacan’tcatchupwith.Forinstance,thefourgreattennismatchesareheldinwesterncountries,andtheirtennisplayersalwaysrankthefirstplaceinthelist.ThereisnoAsianmaleplayerswhocanhaveasitinthetoptenlist.Somemaywonderwhythishappens.Manyresearchesaremadebyscholarsortheoreticalworkerstoexplainthisinterestingphenomenonandhowitgoessofar.However,whatpeoplecareaboutaremerelythetopplayers,theirintroductionandhowmanymedalstheyhavewon,oreventheirgossip.Theyusuallynegatethemostimportantfacts.Feweverreachthisissuefromculturalview,socialbackgroundvieworeconomicview.Followingaretheanalysesonthisissue.I.ThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestinculturalaspect1.1TherulesoftennismatchesTennis

isa

\o"Racquetsport"racquetsport

thatcanbeplayedindividuallyagainstasingleopponent(\o"Typesoftennismatch"singles)orbetweentwoteamsoftwoplayerseach(\o"Typesoftennismatch"doubles).Eachplayerusesa

\o"Racquet"racquet

thatisstrungwithcordtostrikeahollowrubber

\o"Tennisball"ball

coveredwithfeltoveroraroundanetandintotheopponent'scourt.Theobjectofthegameistoplaytheballinsuchawaythattheopponentisnotabletoplayagoodreturn.Theopponentwhoisunabletoreturntheballwillnotgainapoint,whiletheoppositeopponentwill.Tennisisan

Olympic

sportandisplayedatalllevelsofsocietyandatallages.Thesportcanbeplayedbyanyonewhocanholdaracquetincluding

wheelchairusers.Themoderngameoftennisoriginatedin

Birmingham,

England,inthelate19thcenturyas"lawntennis"[2].Ithadcloseconnectionsbothtovariousfield("lawn")gamessuchas

croquet

and

bowls

aswellastotheolderracquetsportof

realtennis.Duringmostofthe19th-centuryinfact,theterm"tennis"referredtorealtennis,notlawntennis:forexample,in

Disraeli'snovel

Sybil

(1845),LordEugeneDeVereannouncesthathewill"godownto

HamptonCourt

andplaytennis."Therulesoftennishavechangedlittlesincethe1890s.Twoexceptionsarethatfrom1908to1961theserverhadtokeeponefootonthegroundatalltimes,andtheadoptionofthe

tie-break

inthe1970s.Arecentadditiontoprofessionaltennishasbeentheadoptionofelectronicreviewtechnologycoupledwithapointchallengesystem,whichallowsaplayertocontestthelinecallofapoint.Tennisisplayedbymillionsofrecreationalplayersandisalsoapopularworldwidespectatorsport.Thefour

GrandSlam

tournaments(alsoreferredtoasthe"Majors")areespeciallypopular:the

AustralianOpen

playedon

hardcourts,the

FrenchOpen

playedonred

claycourts,Wimbledon

playedon

grasscourts,andthe

USOpen

playedalsoonhardcourts.1.2InfluenceofChinesecultureontennisdevelopmentFromthedevelopmentofculture,thecircleofconflictandcombinationofcultureisdestined,orwecansaythatthecommunicationofcultureboostthedevelopment.[3].AncientChinawaslocatedintheeastofAsia,withthepacificoceantotheeast,vastdesertandaridgrasslandinnorth,steepHengduanmountainrangesandHimalayasmountainsinsoutheast(whichincludingTibetanplateau,knownastheroofoftheworld).Withallthesespecialsurroundings,arelativelycomplete,independentandclosednaturalgeographicunitwasformed.TraditionalChineseculture,whichcameoutofthisuniquenaturalgeographicenvironment,wasoftencoloredwithastrongtendencyof“self-centered”initiative.TheChinesecharacteristhebestproof,asthesayinggoes,“china,thecenteroftheworld”.Itistheresultoflongtimeprideselfconsciousnessandnationalconsciousness,thisculturalegoismpermeatesthelifeofChinesepeopleinallaspects.ChinesesportscultureistheconsequenceoftheevolutionoftraditionalChineseculture,basedontheindividualagriculturaleconomywithpatriarchalfamilyasitsbackgroundandConfucianthoughtsasitscore.Chinesepeoplebelieveincollectivism.TheChinesenationofthousandsofyearshasdevelopeditsowngloriousandvariablecultureintheprocess.TraditionalChineseculturevaluepeaceandpaylessattentiontocompetition,butthesoulofsportsistocompetewithothers,andthiscontradictstraditionalChineseculture.Familyisthecenterofeverythingandtheydespiseindividualism,Chinesecultureattachesgreatimportancetounityandmodesty,thusmakingsportactivitieshardtocarryout.Especiallyforsportliketennis,theyusedtothinkitwastooviolentandrefusedtoplayit,andthisresistancehadinfluencedtheirchildren.Generationsbygenerations,tennisinChinahadnotswirled,anditwasinthedarkcornerforawhile.TraditionalChineseculturewasakindofethicalculture,whichpaidmuchattentiontothedoctrineofthemean,whilesolesstocompetition,butthevitalityofsportsliesincompetition,theConfucianethicswastotallyagainstit.Confucianethicsvualuablepart.TraditionalChinesecultureputfamilyaboveanythinganditloatheegoism,peoplearerequiredtofollowthe“ThreecardinalguidesandFiveconstantvirtues”,theirbehaviormustbeharmonious,unifiedandmodest,theresultisthatthewholenationsufferfrompsychologicalinequality,theircreativityispressedbythemoralityaswellasbytheteamrule,thusmakingthetennismatchunfairforthemtocompete.“Bylearningfromthewest,allthesehavegreateffectonpolitics,economy,militaryandeducation”[4].FromThefeudalethicsoftheGrandunificationkillstheaggressivemindandcompetitivespiritinthetennisplayers,inconsequence,ourtennisplayersisshortofindependenceconceptandcreativity.Sportistheresultofculture.Althoughitisalsoinfluencedbyraceandlanguage,cultureisthemostimportantone.[5]TraditionalChinesecultureattachgreatimportancetointelligencewhilesolesstophysicalsport,favoring“calmness”over“movement”,thesupportersofthisthinkpeoplewithgreatintelligencearetherule,whilepeoplewhoworkphysicalaretheruled.Thewindofdespisingphysicallaborandsportsactivitieshasbeencurrentforalonglongtime.EspeciallywhenitcomestotheHandynasty,thesituationgetsevenworseandeverythingisaboutConfucianism.Peoplewhoplaysportswouldbethoughtascakeeaters,extremesportsaredespised.Andbecauseofit,sometraditionalsportshavefallenintoentertainperformanceincourt,losingitsoriginalintention.Theselectionoftennistalentsishighlystrictlylimitedastheconsequenceofthiswind,parentsrefusetolettheirgiftedchildrenengageinprofessionaltennis,hence,tennislackenoughsocialattentionandsupport,theideatopopularizetennisalsobecomesquitedifficult.Chinesepeopleinoldtimesthinklifeactivitiescomefromhumanbodyitself,“governanceofinside”isputforwardasthefundamentalmethodtokeepfit,while“outsidecare”asthesupplementarytool,thecorepurposeistoprotectbodyfromanyharm,theyholdtheviewthatthebestwaytosustainlifeisreducethedamagetothebodyaslessaspossible.Measureslike“toprotect,tobuildupandtotonic”aretakentomobilizetheselfadjustingandselfhealingfunctions.Theyadvocateemotionalregulationandopposestrenuousexerciseandthistotallyconflictsthemodernwayoftraining,whichisfilledwithoverloadtrainingtoimprovethepotentialofhumanbodyinspeedandstrength.Well,tennisisexactlythiskindofsport,thereasonwhyitfailstogetkickedinacountrylikeChinaissoobvious.1.3InfluenceofWesterncultureontennisdevelopmentTheancestorsofthewesternpeoplemainlyliveinthetemperatezoneandfrigidzone,meat,fishanddairyproductsaretheirmainlyfoodformostofpeople.Sotheyareextremelyenergetic,easilyexcitedandaggravated.Ancientwesternculturehasalwaysbeencaughtbetween“Apollo”and“Honest”thetwoextremethoughts,itisactive,religious,aggressiveandalwayshasastrongdesiretoconquer.Asaresult,mostoftheirsportactivitiesaretheproductsofworshipactivities,theytrytopleaseGodandDivine,pursuetheperfectcombinationofbodyandsoul.Richslaveownerscanhaveasecurelifewithouthavingtoworrypureknowledgeordreams.Sothetoolsthattheyusedforexerciseequipmentatstartwereverycompetitivespecialized,refineandideal.Europeisthehometownofmoderntennis,itisalsothecradleofthemoderncivilizationandmodernization,thetraditionalcultureisfullofwarriorspirit,duelspiritandbravepiraticalrobberyspirit.TheGermanpoetHeinesaysiftheBritishruletheocean,sotheFrenchrulethecontinent,whileGermanrulethesky.SoinbloodybattlefieldcountrieslikeGermany,France,BritainandTheNetherlandstennisisverypopularandtheirtennisplayersareworldclass,thisiscloselyrelatedwiththeirnationalspirits.TennisplayersfromSouthernAmericaalsoalsodoingagreatjobthesedaysinspiteoftheyaredevelopingcountries,thisalsohastodowithitsquirkyculture.ManycountriesofSouthernAmericawerecoloniesoftheearlyempirecountrieslikeSpain,PortugalandtheNetherlands.TheyarenotasstrongastheEuropeans,buttheadventurousspiritofColumbusandMagellanarestillinthem,sothattheycanplaytennistothefull.WesterncultureoriginatesfromancientGreekcultureandRomanculture,individualradicalismandopenabsorbencyarethebasiccharacteristicsofwesternculture.Thedevelopmentofcommodityeconomyandtheopenoceangeographicenvironmentmadewesternersworshipstrength,theylikedthelegendofknightsandadventures,independentandpioneeringspiritswerealwaysintheirhearts.Theylikedtodoallkindsofviolentsports,andithasalreadybecomeapartoftheirlife.ThisnationalcharacterformedinancientGreece,Greekpeoplehadalwaysheldthemartialspirit,andwhenitcameintotheRomanEmpire,thisspirithadtransferredintoapopularwrestleintheslaves,thepancratiumspiritoftheRomeandtheriseofmedievalChivalry.Thesocalled“Chivalry”wastheadventurousspirittoputallyoureggsinonebasket.AftertheEnlightenment,the“HurricaneDrang”appearedinGermany,itwasawellexplanationofindividualradicalismandthecultureofEuropeputonanewlookbecauseofit.Westernculturepromotetheindividualsupremacy,pursuitofexternaltranscend,rationalthinkingandtheadvocationofthepersonalinterestabovethegroup.Thereforethewesternsportscultureisfiguredascompetitive.Afterthesecondworldwar,thewesternsportsculturewasdividedintotwomajorschoolsbecauseoftheinfluenceofthenewinternationalpoliticalandsocialbackground,onewasrepresentedbytheformersovietunionandeasternEurope,thisgroupheldthatsportscultureshouldbeestablishedonthebasisofsocialistpublicownershipandunitofthecountry;AnothergrouprepresentedbywesternEuropeandnorthAmericathoughtthatsportscultureshouldbebuiltoncapitalistmarketeconomy,itshouldfollowtheneedofthemarketbutnotrelyonthegovernmentshelporfunding,everyonewaseligibletoparticipateinsportactivities.Andbecauseofthetwodifferentmethods,thetennislevelofWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaalwaystopstheworld,therearealsoRussianplayerswhohaverankedthefirstplace,butwehavegottoadmitthattheyhavebeensenttotheseWesterncountriesprofessionaltennisschoolstoplaytennis.IIThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestinsocialbackgroundaspect2.1InfluenceofChinesesocialbackgroundontennisdevelopmentThedevelopmentandenhancementofasportcanonlyhappenwhenmassesloveitandengageit,social’srecognitionandpeoples’depthofunderstandingoftennisisrelatedwithitsdevelopmentandimprovement.Inrecentyears,thestructureoftennispopulationgrowthinChinahasbeenimbalanced,tennishasbeendevelopingfairlyfast,fromtennisinstitutionstoaverageschools,fromtheestablishmentsoftenniscourtsincommunitiesandcompaniestothegrowthinannualamateurtennismatchallshowthattennisinChinarapidlydevelopment.Thenatureoftennisshouldconsistoftheformandthespecialcultureitimplied.[6].Butthegrowthstructureoftennispopulationiskindofimbalanced,thenumberofplayersthatcanrepresentourcountry’slevelamounttoonlyabout400,thisfigureevenshocksthemanagementofthetennisdepartment,thespaceforthebackupadolescentsdevelopmentisnarrow,themajorityofchildrenengagedintennisisaffectedbyfamily,environment,economyandsoon,theymainlygatherindevelopedareaslikebigcities,andthegrowthisquiteslow,thenumberofamateursisgrowingrelativelyfast,buttheyonlyplaytennisincasualtimeasentertainmentandtheycannotrepresentourcountry’scompetitivelevel.People’sunderstandingoftennisisinalowlevel,thepopularizationoftennisinChinaishard,andthishassomethingtodowithmarketizationsocializationoftennis.ItappearsinChinesepeoplethattennisisstilla“minoritysport”anditstaysfarawayfromnationalfitnesscampaign,thepeoplewhoplayitaremanlygatheredinbigormiddlecities,thusthetennismarketissluggishandtheauthorityfailstopropagateit.Tennisdoesnotgetenoughattention,andtennismatchdon’tgetbetteraudiencerating,soabadcirculationisforming.Fromthe2004ChinaOpen,wecanseethatthereisadeepgapinunderstandingoftennisbetweenChinesepeoplesandthewesternpeople.Thetrainingmodeofjuniortennisinstitutionislaggingbehind,ournationisthemaincultureofjuniortennisplayerswithcollectivecultureasthealternative,personaltrainingorbroketrainingisveryrare.Amateurinstitutionsisthebasicpartofproducingtalentedplayers,tennisisahighlysocializedsport,whiletheamateurinstitutionsaremainlyscatteredinbigcitiesormiddlecities,soadolescentsfromsmallcitiesorthecountrysidedon’thaveaccesstotennis,nordotheyknowmuchabouttennis,unlikeping-pongorbadminton,whichareplayedbymostpeoplebothfrombigcitiesandcountryside,thegapbetweentennispopularizationandbadmintonorping-pongballpopularizationisevenfar.Inwesterncountries,thecultivationofjuniortennisplayersingeneralistosendthemtotrainingcampasthebase,andgethelpfromtennisassociationandsponsors.FewChineseparentsgettheopportunitytosendtheirtalentedkidstoworldclasstennisinstitutions.Thetrainingoftheyouthisnotscientific,andChinadoesn’thavemanyexcellenttenniscoaches.Togetthingsworse,mostofthemareengagedinprofessionalteams.Somostforefrontcoachesoftheyouthonlystartcoachingwhentheyretire.Undeniably,thesecoacheshavecertainexperience,butinwhole,theygetaloweducationlevelandtheydon’thaveaclearviewofthecurrenttennistrend.Becausetheyouthlackscientifictraining,theteachingmethodisfallingbehindandbecauseoftheearlyoverloadtraining,manytalentedplayersaretroubledwithinjuriesattheearlytwenties.Theyareunabletocarryoutnormaltrainingandtakepartinthechampionship,thiswellexplainstheinterestingphenomenonthatwhentheyareteens,theyareplayingwellbothhomeandabroad,whentheygointotheirtwenties,theyarenotdoingsogoodandtheripwiththeircounterpartsabroadiswidening.Thegamesystemisnotperfectatpresent,Chinahasorganizedmanydomesticateyouthgames,thisisgoodfortheyouth,butcupsandmedalsmaniaarestilloverheatedthesedays,itignorestheall-aroundcultivationandhasbadinfluenceonthefuturedevelopmentoftheyouth.Atthesametime,theintensityofsupervisionandinspectioninthegameisnotenough,fairandjusticearemostimportantinthegame,someplayersfaketheirageinordertoparticipateinthegame,thishasaterribleeffectonthedevelopmentoftheyouthplayers.2.2InfluenceofWesternsocialbackgroundontennisdevelopmentWesternpeoplearethedescendantsofthenomads,theyarealwaysmovingaround.Theylikechangesandwanttotraveltonewplace,andthisidiosyncracywellreflectedinthegreatexplorerColumbus.Thesocialsystemofthewestiscapitalism,sotheyencourageindividualstomakegreatamountsofmoneyandliveaffluentlife.AsthepredecessorsportofEuropeanaristocrats,tennis,inthelongtimeofrevolution,onthebasisofmaterial,socialsystemandsocialspirit,somekindofcertaintenniscultureisformed,andwiththedevelopmentofsociety,thisculturehasneverceasedtoreformandfinallyhasmanagedtoenterthemainstreamofsocialvalue,becomingasportthatislovedandsupportedbymillions.Theperformingstandardofasportcompetitionhasahugeeffectonthedevelopmentofthissport,andoutstandingperformancecanhelpgathermorepopularityandthuspromotingthecomprehensivedevelopmentofit.Forexample,whenChinesewomen’sVolleyballcollectedtheirsixthstraighttitleinthe1980s,therewasavolleyballcrazethroughoutthewholecountry,whilepoorperformance,onthecontrary,hasnegativeimpactonthedevelopmentofthissportitself.Inrecentyears,thedisappointingrecordsofChinesefootballcompetitionhavemadetheChinese’saffectionforfootballdroppedtohistoriclows.Incontrast,westerntennis,sinceWimbledonin1968,firstofalldespitewhethertheplayersareprofessionaloramateur,playersfromwesternEuropeandAmerica（includingAustralia)haveobtainedthealmostallthegrandslamchampionship,thespecificproportionis:InAustralianopen,Men’sis90.5%,Women’sis100%.InFrenchopen,Men’sis90.7%,Women’sis100%.InUSopen,Men’sis97.7%,Women’sis100%.FromtheannualrankingsofWTAandATP,tennisplayersfromwesternEuropeandAmerica(includingAustralia)makeupfor82%inMen’sand100%inWomen’srespectively[7].Fromabove,wecanseethatwesternEurope,AmericaandAustraliatakethedominantpositionintheworldoftennis,andtheexcellentperformanceoftheplayersalsomakesthegamemoreandmorepopularintheircountryandtheirpeoplearemoreobsessedwithit.Thebirth,rise,popularizationoftennisallhappensinthewesterncountries.Wecansaythatthewesterncountriesarethehotbedofthedevelopmentoftennisandtransmissionoftennisculture.WhenpresidentRooseveltwasinoffice,helikedtoplaytennis,sothetennisinAmericawasdevelopingveryfastthattime[6].Indeed,peopleinwesterncountriesarehighlyproudoftheirtennis;theyhaveaheartfeltlovefortennisandarecrazytogetinvolvedintennisgames.Intheeraofrapidprofessionalizationoftennis,tennisitselfandtherewardsofferedbyvarioustennismatchesmakethepeopleinwesterncountriesresolutelyintotennis,thishugeinvestdirectlyleadstotheexcellentresultsinthetennismatchesoftheplayers.Inordertomaintainandevenexpandthisresult,westernerspaygreatimportancetothesportequipment,improvingitsperformanceandtechnologicalcontent.Manyeffectivemeasuresaretakentoformulatethecorrespondingseries,includingyouthtrainingsystem.Thereisnodoubtthatallthesewillpromotethesporttoahigherlevelandtopropagatethegametoawiderrange.Westernersarepractical,keepingimprovingandpursuingofhigherhedonismhaswellreflectedintheirculturalinheritanceoftennis.Inordertoshowthefairnessofthetennismatch,westernpeoplehaveformulatedthedetailedrulesofthecontest,systemandrigorousrankingsystem.Inordertoachievebettereffectandbetterperformance,westernershaveintroducedthecuttingedgetechnologyinthemanufacturingoftennisequipment,specialsubjectanalysisintennisisalsoofferedforthefurtherdevelopmentandperfectionoftennis.Inpursuitofperfectvisualeffectandpersonaltouch,thedesignershavepaidgreateffortsinthecustom,withthehelpofmodernscienceandtechnology,profoundhistoricalbackgroundandfashionablebreatharebothembodiedintennisattire.Inordertosatisfypeople’scuriosityanddesiretoraisetennisculture,bothradarand“eagleeye”playbackareappliedintennismatch,thusprovidingarationalsenseoftennismatchbothfortheplayersandtheaudience.Inaddition,thewesternprosperoustenniscompetitionsarealwaysheldinfestivalatmosphere,therearetennisthemepark,architecture,tenniscourt,party,graffitisalonandeventhenicknamesforthetennisplayersgivenbytheirfans,allofthemshowtheharmoniouscombinationofwesterner’slifeandtennis.Thecultivationofbackuptalentshasgreatinfluenceonthesustainabledevelopmentforeachsport,anditworksfortennistoo.Westernercountrieshasunparalleledadvantagesintenniscompetitionfield,oneimportantreasonforthisisthatitattachesgreatimportancetothecultivationofbackuptennistalents,andinthemanyyearsofprofessionalization,aseriesofrelativelyperfectback-uppersonneltrainingmodeisestablished,fromqualificationadmittanceofthecoachestotheathletesselectionstandard,fromthetrainingfundingsourcesoftheathletestothejuniortenniseventmanagementaswellasrelatedprofessionalbooks,allofitreflectsthesystematicness,rigor,scientificnatureandrationalityofthetennisback-uptraininginwesterncountries.IIIThedifferenceoftennisbetweenChinaandWestineconomyaspect3.1InfluenceofChineseeconomyontennisdevelopmentEversincethereformandopenuppolicies,Chinahasputonanewappearance.Whenitcomestothis,wewillhavetotalkaboutChina’seconomy.Economyisthefoundationtothesurvivalofacountry,thereisnodoubtthattheeconomyofChinaisboominginrecentyears,thetaking-offeconomyhasenhancedChina’scomprehensivenationalstrength,themarketingeconomyisboomingandpeople’slivingstandardhasimprovedalot.Butundertheinfluenceoftherecentyear’sinternationalcrises,thegrowthoftheeconomyhassloweddown,andithasaffectedpeople’slifeinv