2021年新高考英语4月模拟题分项汇编 记叙文 解析版

专题04阅读理解之记叙文

一、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）

IneverthoughtI'dhearmyselfsayit,butFvegrowntoenjoyliftingweights,andFvelearnedfromdoingit.I

enjoythesenseofstrengthanddisciplinethatcomeswhenthemusclesareforcedtoresist.I'vetriedvarying

schedules—liftingeveryday,everyotherday,twodaysonandadayoff.Theeverydayapproachwastheleast

effective.IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.

Thesameistruewithmindandspirit.Withoutgivingyourselfachancetoreenergize,youbegintobreak

downalltheconnectivefibersofyourlife.IusedtojustgivemyselfSundaysoff.NowI'mschedulingdowntimein

themidstofeverything—and€teverything^^includestwomagazines,buildingahouseinHawaii,workingonan

ABCmovie一and,ohyeah,mydayjob.Keepingit_allstraightwasbeginningtofeelalittlestressful.SoItold

myselfthatjustbecauseIhavetenfreeminutesonmycalendardoesn'tmeanIwanttofillthem.Breathingspace

hastobecomepartofmydailyroutine.

Soinsteadofhavingpeoplelinedupoutsidemyofficeafterthefirstshow—Itapetwoaday—Idonothing

foratleasttenminutes.Thechangehasworkedwonders.Ihavemoreenergy,andI'minabettermoodforthe

secondshowandallthebusinessthatcomesafterward.

NowthatIhavethesummerofftositunderthetreesreading,napping,writing,andthinking,Iknowforsure

ifstimewellspent.Tmrefillingmytanksothatbyfall,whenthenewseasonbegins,1*11befiredupandreadyfor

whateveristocome.Fullyrestored.

4.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toarousethereaders*concern.

B,Tosummarizethewholepassage.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.

D.Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.

5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?

A.Keepingeverythingstraight.B.Restingatanytime.

C.Takingbreaksbetweentasks.D.Havingafullschedule.

6.Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inPara.2referto?

A.Everything.B.Buildingahouse.

C.Mydayjob.D.Workingonamovie.

7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Liftingweightschangespeopledlife.

B.Alittlerestorationhelpsgoalongway.

C.Whypeopleneedtobeinhighspirits.

D.Tenminutes'breakwillworkwonders.

【答案】

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.D

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身经历，告诉我们“十分钟的休息会创造奇迹。”

4.推理判断题。根据第一段中"I'vetriedvaryingschedules—liftingeveryday,everyotherday,twodayson

andadayoff.Theeverydayapproachwastheleasteffective.IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgive

myselfabreak.（我尝试过改变作息时间——每天放松、每隔一天放松、上两天放松、休息一天放松。每天锻

炼的方法效果最差。当我让自己休息一下时，我得到了最好的强化效果）”和第二段第一句"Thesameistrue

withmindandspirit.（头脑和精神也是如此广可知，第一段的作用是“为了介绍整篇文章的主题故选D。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Withoutgivingyourselfachancetoreenergize,youbegintobreakdownall

theconnectivefibersofyoMlife.（如果不给自己重新充电的机会，你就会开始破坏生活中所有的连接纤维）''可

知，作者会同意“在工作之间休息。”故选C。

6.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“NowEmschedulingdowntimeinthemidstofeverything-and"everything”

includestwomagazines,buildingahouseinHawaii,workingonanABCmovie—and,ohyeah,mydayjob.

Keepingitallstraightwasbeginningtofeelalittlestressful」现在，我要在所有事情中间安排休息时间---“所有

事情”包括两本杂志，在夏威夷盖房子，为ABC的一部电影工作——哦，对了，还有我的日常工作。我开

始觉得把事情搞清楚有点压力）“可推知，划线词在指代的是上文中的everything。故选A。

7.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"IgetthebeststrengtheningresultswhenIgivemyselfabreak.（当我

让自己休息一下时，我得到了最好的强化效果）”和第三段“Soinsteadofhavingpeoplelinedupoutsidemy

officeafterthefirstshow——Itapetwoaday—Idonothingforatleasttenminutes.Thechangehasworked

wonders.Ihavemoreenergy,andI'minabettermoodforthesecondshowandallthebusinessthatcomes

afterward.（所以在第一次演出后，人们在我的办公室外排队——我每天录两盘——我至少有十分钟什么都不

做。这种改变创造了奇迹。我有了更多的精力，对于第二场演出和之后的所有业务，我也有了更好的心情）”

可知，这篇文章讲述的是“十分钟的休息会创造奇迹:故选D。

二、（福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检）

EliZiedwassupposedtofocusonhisgradesandhisfutureplansforcollegeattheageof15.Butatthattime,

hestartedhisownbusinessandcreatedafashionbrandcalledHabits365.

Eli'sbusinesstalentsandinterestsappearedaroundage12whenhestartedbuyingandresellingsneakers.It

inspiredhim“tocreateabrandthateveryonecouldrelatetoJPatchSouthamptonmagazinereported.

ItwasinAugust2017thathecameupwiththeideatocreatehisownbrand,"Habitsinfluenceyourlife,and

thebetteryourhabitsare,themoresuccessfulyouwillbeinthelongrun,^^EhtoldForbes.

Hecreateddesignsandlogosforhisbrand.Meanwhile,ElibroughthisolderbrotherSpencerZiedintothe

companyaschiefoperatingofficer.Thankstotheirearlyaccumulatedprofitsfromresellingsneakers,theZieds

gainedstartupcapitaltoinvestininitialinventoryandpackaging.Butoneofthedifficultieswashowtoexpand

theirbrandexposure.Onthefirstnightoftheirnewbusiness,theytextedfriendsandaskedthemtofollowthe

newlycreatedHabits365Instagramaccount.

Theyalsoreachedouttoinfluentialathletes,musiciansandagentsthroughInstagramwithoffersoffreegoods

inexchangeforaphotographorapost.Thisstrategyworkedout.Now,evenNBAAll-StarGiannishaswornthe

clothesofHabits365.

ForEliZied,theteenageCEO,perhapsthebiggestchallengeishowtobalancehisstudyandbusiness.do

homeworkandstudyforexamswhenIfirstgethomefromschoolandworkonthebusinessattheendoftheday

oncemyschooliscompleted,“saidEli."Thatisstillmymainpriority.^^

Eli,nowan18-year-oldfreshmanattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,wassuiprisedbythebrands

success.Habits365willbeexpectedtoreach1millioninprofitbytheendof2021,hetoldYahooFinance.

believethatonedayHabits365willbeoneofthebiggeststreetwearbrandsintheworld,“hetoldForbes.

24.WhatencouragedElitodevelophisownbrand?

A.Hisschoolreports.B.Hisearlytradeexperience.

C.Hisviewpointsofhabits.D.Thesuccessofotherbrands.

25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeEli?

A.Generous.B.Helpful.C.Ambitious.D.Tolerant.

26.WhatisthemostchallengingforEliatpresent?

A.Whethertocreatehisownstudyzone.B.Howtosucceedinacademyandbusiness.

C.Whethertoplaytohisstrengths.D.Howtomanagehiscompany.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TimeManagementB.ASuccessfulTeenCEO

C.ARespectableTeenD.FortuneAccumulation

【答案】

24.B

25.C

26.B

27.B

【解析】

这是•篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青少年CEOEliZied15岁就开创了自己的公司，创立了一个名为

Habits365的时尚品牌。文章介绍了他开创品牌的过程以及他对自己事业的一些看法。

24.细节理解题。根据第二段"Eli'sbusinesstalentsandinterestsappearedaroundage12whenhestarted

buyingandresellingsneakers.Itinspiredhim“tocreateabrandthateveryonecouldrelatetoJPatchSouthampton

magazinereported.(Eli的商业才能和兴趣出।现在12岁左右，那时他开始购买和转售运动鞋。据Patch

Southampton杂志报道，这激发了他“创造一个每个人都能联想到的品牌可知，Eli早期的贸易经历促使他

发展自己的品牌。故选B。

25.推理判断题。根据第二段"Eli'sbusinesstalentsandinterestsappearedaroundage12whenhestarted

buyingandresellingsneakers.Itinspiredhim“tocreateabrandthateveryonecouldrelateto,"PatchSouthampton

magazinereported.(Eli的商业才能和兴趣出现在12岁左右，那时他开始购买和转售运动鞋。据Patch

Southampton杂志报道，这激发了他“创造一个每个人都能联想到的品牌以及最后•段中“力believethatone

dayHabits365willbeoneofthebiggeststreetwearbrandsintheworld,vhetoldForbes.(他在接受《福布斯》采

访时表示：“我相信有一天，Habits365将成为世界上最大的街头服饰品牌之一。”户可推知，Eli从自己买卖

运动鞋发展了自己的品牌，且相信自己的品牌将成为世界上最大的街头服饰品牌之一，可见他是个有抱负

的人。故选C。

26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ForEliZied,theteenageCEO,perhapsthebiggestchallengeishowto

balancehisstudyandbusiness/对于十几岁的CEOEliZied来说，最大的挑战或许是如何在学'也和业务之间

取得平衡）”可知，目前对Eli来说最具挑战性的是如何在学术和商业上取得成功。故选B。

27.主旨大意题。根据第一段"EliZiedwassupposedtofocusonhisgradesandhisfutureplansforcollegeat

theageof15.Butatthattime,hestartedhisownbusinessandcreatedafashionbrandcalledHabits365.（EliZied

本该在15岁的时候专注于自己的成绩和未来的大学计划。但当时，他开创了自己的公司，创立了一个名为

Habits365的时尚品牌）”结合文章主要讲述了青少年CEOEliZied15岁就开创了自己的公司，创立了一个名

为Habits365的时尚品牌。文章介绍了他开创品牌的过程以及他对自己事业的一些看法。可知，B选项“一

个成功的青少年CEO”最符合文章标题。故选B。

三、（福建省厦门市2021届高三质检）

Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhadaburningdesireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,I

couldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.

TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportustodifferentworldseverydayby

tellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntime

becausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.

Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseetheinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsight,Yetmy

teacherwouldnoticemeandtheunspokenmessageinhereyessuggestedthatshecouldseemethrough.Shehad

anothersuperpowerandevenafterfourdecades,Icouldstillvividlyrememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmasters

ofartandgreatgeographers,expandingourhorizons.Shedidthiseventhoughhermajorwasnotart,nor

geography.HerlessonswentbeyondthetextbookIknewIwantedtobeoneofthoseall-seeingoneswith

supeipowersthatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.

Iknowbeingateacherisn'ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupational

risks-yourkneescanbecomewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase,

yourvoicecangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.Butdespiteallthat,therearethosechoosingthiscause.Tothem,

teachingisnotjustajob-itisascience,anartandacraft,anditdemandsemotionallabourandinvestment.

Allmylife,forthreedecadesnow,Fvegonetoworkearlyeachdaywithaspringinmystep.Occasionally,I

meetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfondmemoriesofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.When

Imeetotherswhothirstfbrsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacherstrugglingtoperfectherskillswithabrave

faceon,ortheoneinaremote,ruralschooltravelling70kilometerseachdayjustforhispupils,Ifeelproudto

belongtothesamegroup.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestoriesfromparagraph2?

A.Theyweretoldinamagicway.B.Theywerewrittenbytheteacher.

C.Theycontainedsomestudents*funsecrets.D.Theyleftthestudentswithhappymemories.

5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheEnglishteacher?

A.Ambitiousandgenerous.B.Hard-workingandwealthy.

C.Caringandmodest.D.Well-informedandobservant.

6.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorasateacher?

A.Hesufferedalotinhiskneesandvoice.

B.Hethoughtteachingwasmorethanspreadingknowledge.

C.Hehadsomeideasofhowtobeateacheratayoungage.

D.Hewasrewardedwithmuchmoneyforhisdevotionatschool.

7.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutbeingateacherfromthetext?

A.Withonethousandtimesforthepeachgardensweet.

B.Teachersleadthedoor,progressintheindividual.

C.Inscholarshipthereisnodifferenceofage.

D.Learningwithoutateacherishardtogain.

【答案】

4.D

5.D

6.B

7.A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了童年时期对老师的敬佩，认为老师有超能力。后来作者梦想成真，做了

老师，很快乐，很骄傲。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransport

ustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpick

up.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadoutto

them.”（五年级有一位英语老师，她每天给我们讲故事，给我们读一些我们永远不会读的书，她能神奇地把

我们带到不同的世界。这是我们的秘密和乐趣时间，因为五年级的学生被认为太大了以至于不能读故事给

他们听。）可知，第二段作者提到的五年级老师讲的故事，作者认为这是老师和他们之间的秘密以及快乐

的时间。是作者美好的回忆。故选D项。

5.推理判断题。根据第二段“TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportusto

difterentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.”

（有一个五年级的英语老师，她每天给我们讲故事，给我们读一些我们永远不会读的书，他能神奇地把我

们带到不同的世界。）可知，这位英语老师读书很多，通过读书把学生带入各种不同的世界。第三段“Yetmy

teacherwouldnoticemeandtheunspokenmessageinhereyessuggestedthatshecouldseemethrough.^^（但是我

的老师会注意到我，而她眼中的不言而喻的信息暗示她可以看穿我。）可知，这位老师会注意到我，那眼

神表明她把我看看透了。综上可以推理这位老师读书多知识渊博（well-informed）,善于观察（observant）。

故选D项。

6.推理判断题。根据第四段“Iknowbeingateacherisn'ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.

Andthereareoccupationalrisks-yourkneescanbecomewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupand

downtheschoolstaircase,yourvoicecangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.Butdespiteallthat,therearethose

choosingthiscause.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob-itisascience,anartandacraft,anditdemandsemotional

laborandinvestment."（我知道当老师不是最容易的工作，也不是最赚钱的工作。还有职业上的风险----你

的膝盖可能会因为多年在学校的楼梯上搬运一堆堆的笔记本而磨损，你的声音可能会因为过多的交谈而减

弱。尽管如此，还是有人选择了这个事业。对他们来说，教学不仅仅是一份工作——它是一门科学，一门

艺术和一门手艺，它需要情感上的劳动和投资。）可知，作者认为，对于选择教师这个职业的那些人来说,

教学不仅仅是传播知识，还是一门艺术，要求情感方面的付出。故选B项。

7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Allmylife,forthreedecadesnow,I'vegonetoworkearlyeachdaywith

aspringinmystep.Occasionally,Imeetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfondmemoriesofour

timetogetheraremyrewards.WhenImeetotherswhothirstforsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacherstruggling

toperfectherskillswithabravefaceon,ortheoneinaremote,ruralschooltravelling70kilometerseachdayjust

forhispupils,Ifeelproudtobelongtothesamegroup."（在我的一生中，三十年来,我每天都早早地去上班,

步伐轻快。我偶尔会遇到以前的学生。他们对我明显的爱和我们在一起的美好回忆就是对我的回报。当我

遇到渴望拥有超能力的人，比如一位勇敢地努力完善自己技能的新老师，或是一位每天为学生跋涉70公里

的偏远农村学校的老师，我为自己和他们属于同一群体而感到自豪。）可知，作者认为：作为一个老师，

作者每天都很开心。偶尔遇到以前的学生时，作者认为他们的爱以及他们和作者之间的回忆是最好的回报。

同时作者会因为遇到渴望同样"超能力''的新老师以及肯为学生付出的老师而感到骄傲。因此可推断，老师这

个职业是用千百倍的耕耘，换来桃李满园香。故选A项。

四、（广东省佛山市2021届高三质检）

Itcanbeeasytobrushoffcertaineventsassmallmattersthatdon'trequireattention——butwhenthesafetyof

dozensofairplanepassengerswasonthetine,thisNASAengineerdecidedtospeakup.

RumaashaMaashawaspreparingtoflyfromHuntsvilletoColoradobackinJanuarywhenhespottedaliquid

leakfromhiswindowseatonthewing.

"Normally,ifit'sawetday,you'llseevortices（旋涡）offthewing.About1,000feetofftheground,Istarted

seeingsomethingwhiteandthought,'maybewe?rejusthittingsomehumidity（湿气）Well,afterawhileitwas

stilldoingit,andthat'swhenIknewsomethingwasup.Ilookedcloserandimmediatelyrealizedthatwewere

losingfuel.^^Maashaalsoknewthatastheplaneincreasedinaltitude,thesituationwouldgotworse.

“Igesturedtheflightattendanttocomeoverandfortunatelyshewasveryattentive,hesaid."Shecalledthe

crewandthekeythingisthatshedidthisaswewerestillclimbingout.Withinaminuteortwo,theyreducedspeed

andleveledoff.Thefuelleakdiminishedimmediatelywhentheysloweddown.”

Muchtotheangerofthepassengers,theplanereturnedtotheHuntsvilleairport,butuponfindingoutthe

reasonforthereturn——andtheherobehindit——someofthepassengersmadefriendswithMaasha.

Maasha'sexperiencewithNASAwasn'ttheonlythingthatcameinhandythatday,theengineerfirstfellin

lovewithaviation（航空）asateenagergrowingupnearanairportinMonrovia,Liberia."Lookingback,IguessI

hadtheperfectsetsofcircumstancestorecognizetheissuethatday,“hesaid.44SinceIwasakid,I'vealwaystried

tositinawindowseatnearthewing,andasIgrewup,Iamdeterminedtorunaftermydreamduringmyuniversity

years.That'snotthefirsttimeI'venoticedsomething.Tmsureitwon'tbethelast.”

4.WhendidMaasharealizesomethingwentwrong?

A.Beforedieplanestartedtofly.

B.Whenthewhitethingcontinuedtoleak.

C.Afterhesettledonhiswindowseat.

D.Whenhefirstnoticedtheliquid.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished“meaninparagraph4?

A.Worsened.B.Decreased.C.Occurred.D.Continued.

6.WhatplayedamajorroleinMaasha'sbraveaction?

A.Hisbirthplaceandhomelocation.

B.Hisuniversityyearsandhonesty.

C.Hischildhoodeducationandseatchoice.

D.Hisworkingexperienceandpersonalinterest.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.AChildhoodDreamHasComeTrue

B.FluidLeakingHappenedtoaJet

C.ANASAEngineerSavedPassengers

D.PassengersFeelGratefultoanEngineer

【答案】

4.B

5.B

6.D

7.C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了美国宇航局的工程师Maasha凭借自己的工作经验和个人兴趣，发现

了飞机燃料渗漏的问题，拯救了几十名飞机乘客的生命。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“"NormaHy,ifit'sawetday,you'llseevortices（旋涡）offthewing.

About1,000feetofftheground,Istartedseeingsomethingwhiteandthought,"maybewe'rejusthittingsome

humidity（湿气）Well,afterawhileitwasstilldoingit,andthat'swhenIknewsomethingwasup.1lookedcloser

andimmediatelyrealizedthatwewerelosingfuel.”“（“通常，如果天气潮湿，你会看到机翼上的漩涡。在离地

面1000英尺的地方，我开始看到一些白色的东西，心想，’也许我们只是碰到了一些湿气。‘好吧，过了一

段时间，白色的东西仍在渗漏，我就知道出事了。我离近了看，立刻意识到我们正在失去燃料。”）可知，

Maasha起初发现有白色的东西渗漏时，并没在意，但过了一段时间后，他发现白色的东西仍在渗漏时，他

意识到出事了。由此可知，当白色的东西继续渗漏的时候，Maasha意识到出了问题。故选B项。

5.词义猜测题。根据画线单词上段最后一句“Maashaalsoknewthatastheplaneincreasedinaltitude,the

situationwouldgotworse.^^（Maasha也知道，随着飞机高度的增加，情况会变得更糟。）可知，随着飞机高

度的增加，燃料渗漏的情况会变得更糟。根据画线单词所在句上句“Withinaminuteortwo,theyreducedspeed

andleveledoff."（不到一两•分钟，他们就减速平稳下来。）可知，飞机开始减速飞行，平稳下来，这时燃料

渗漏应该减少了，再结合后文可知，飞机安全着陆，由此可知，空格所在句表示的是“当他们减速时，燃料

泄漏立即减少了°”,所以才能安全着陆，“Decreased”意为“减少”,符合句意。故选B项。

6.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句"Maasha'sexperiencewithNASAwasn'ttheonlythingthatcame

inhandythatday,theengineerfirstfellinlovewithaviation（航空）asateenagergrowingupnearanairportin

Monrovia,Liberia."Lookingback,IguessIhadtheperfectsetsofcircumstancestorecognizetheissuethatday,“

hesaid."SinceIwasakid,Tvealwaystriedtositinawindowseatnearthewing,andasIgrewup,Iam

determinedtorunaftermydreamduringmyuniversityyears.^^（Maasha在美国航天局的经历并不是那天派.上用

场的唯一原因，这位工程师在Monrovia,Liberia的一个机场附近长大，十几岁时就第一次爱上了航空。他说：

“回过头来看，我想我当时有一套完美的环境来认识到这一问题。‘…从小我就总是尽量坐在靠近机翼的靠窗

座位上，长大后，我决心在大学期间追逐自己的梦想。）可知，Maasha在那天能够发现问题所在，拯救了

机上乘客的原因有两点，首先是他在美国航天局的工作经历，其次是他从小对航空的热爱，从小就喜欢坐

在靠近机翼的靠窗座位上。由此可知，Maasha的工作经验和个人兴趣在他勇敢的行动中起了主要作用。故

选D项。

7.主旨大意题。分析文章，结合文章第一®canbeeasytobrushoffcertaineventsassmallmatters

thatdon'trequireattention-butwhenthesafetyofdozensofairplanepassengerswasonthetine,thisNASA

engineerdecidedtospeakup."（把某些事件当作不需要注意的小事来搪塞是很容易的，但当几十名飞机乘客

的安全受到威胁时，这位美国宇航局的工程师决定大声说出来。）可知，本文主要讲述了美国宇航局的工

程师Maasha凭借自己的工作经验和个人兴趣，发现/飞机燃料渗漏的问题，并及时通知/机务人员，拯救

了几十名飞机乘客的生命。"ANASAEngineerSavedPassengers”意为“美国宇航局的一名工程师救了乘客”，

能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。

五、（广东省广州市2021届高三一模）

ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofno

formalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexamine

cloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,

someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethand

examiningitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.

Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsof

microbes,Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesin

samplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplant

tissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.

Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologist

LouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtiny

organismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseases

includinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.Allthesebreakthroughsweretheresultof

Leeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.

Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:"Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,

wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichI

noticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,1have

thoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformed

thereof.^^

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?

A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.

B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.

C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.

D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.

5.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy“inparagraph3refersto.

A.thediscoveryofmicrobes.B.Pasteufstheoryofdisease.

C.Leeuwenhoek'scontribution.D.theoriginofthetinyorganism.

6.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?

A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.

B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.

C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.

D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress

7.Whatisthecorrectorderfbrthefollowingevents?

a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.

b.The"theoryofdisease^^wasputforward.

c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.

d.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.

e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.

A.a-d-c-e-b.B.d-a-c-e-b.C.a-d-c-b-e.D.d-a-e-b-c.

【答案】

4.B

5.C

6.D

7.A

【解析】

这是•篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AntonivanLeeuwenhoek制作显微镜的过程以及Leeuwenhoek在观

察微生物方面取得的贡献和他本人对自己贡献的看法。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段中“ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntoni

vanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythe

magnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.（微牛.物学的历史始于一位名叫

AntonivanLeeuwenhoek的荷兰制布师，他没有受过正规的科学教育。17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来

检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜）”以及“Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethand

examiningitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.（歹U文虎克从

牙齿间取出一些菌斑，并用透镜检查后，他发现了微小的扭曲生物，他称之为“微生物可知，Leeuwenhoek

是一个好奇的业余爱好者，他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。故选及

5.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobes

helpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthat

diseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorsto

fightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.Allthese

breakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助

法国化学家和生物学家LouisPasteur提出j'他的“疾病理论”。这一概念认为，疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击

和削弱身体。巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内

的传染病。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性工作的结果）”以及下一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribed

hiscontributiontosciencethisway（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述自己对科学的贡献）”可知，Leeuwenhoek

的发现对后来的疾病理论取得了重要的突破，而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。即画线词指的是

“Leeuwenhoek的贡献故选C。

6.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtit

mydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformed（hereof.（因止匕，每

当我发现任何值得注意的事情时，我都认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上，以便让科学界知道）“可推知，引

用的Leeuwenhoek信中的话表明他相信分享知识是科学进步的关键。故选D。

7.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedto

examinecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,

roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.（17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检

查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些

可以将物体放大270倍户可知,a”制造了放大镜”排在第一dLeeuwenhoek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来”

排在第二，故排除B、D选项；根据第二段中“Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,

andhumanblood.（他在池塘水、雨水和人类血液的样本中发现了不同的微生物）“可知c"在水的样本中发现了

微生物”排在第三；根据最后,段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway（在1716年

的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献）”可知，e-Leeuwenhoek解释了他对自己的贡献的看法“排第

四；以及第三段中“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek^discoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemist

andbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.（近200年后，列文虎克对微生物的发现帮助法国

化学家和生物学家巴斯德发展了他的“疾病理论可知，b“提出了疾病理论”排第五。可知，事件的正确顺

序是a-d-c-e-ba故选A°

六、（广东省深圳市2021届高三调研）

OurschoolownedaboatnamedJolieBrise.Itwasoneofthemo