文献翻译建筑060330陈晨

个人资料整理 仅限学习使用毕业设计(论文>文献翻译课题名称 启东林洋大酒店方案设计院<系）建筑学院专业建筑学专业姓名陈晨学号P1601060330起讫日期指导教师 张伟郁2018 年02月21日毕业设计<论文）文献翻译0/8个人资料整理 仅限学习使用原文文献AdheringtotheScientificViewofDevelopment&PromotingtheDevelopmentofEnergyEfficientandGreenBuildingsMinistryofConstructionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina23February,2005Energyefficientbuildingsrefertothosemeetingenergyefficientstandardsduringdesignandbuildingprocessandthusconsuminglessenergyinuse.Greenbuildingsrefertothoseprovidingoccupantswithhealthy,comfortableandsafeliving,workingandleisurespace,achievinghighefficiencyinutilizingresources(includingenergy,land,water,andmaterials>duringthelifecycleofbuildings(includingbuildingmaterialsproduction,planning,design,construction,operationandmaintenance,anddemolition>,andminimizingthebuildings'impactontheenvironment.Greenbuildingsarealsolabeledas“Eco-Buildings”or“SustainableBuildings”I.Thesignificanceofpromotingtheenergyefficientandgreenbuildings.Asaman-madeenvironment,buildingsplayanintegralpartinphysicallyandspirituallysatisfyingthedemandofhumanbeing.However,duetotheexcessivepursuingofphysicalpleasureplustheover-exploitationofthenaturalresources,modernbuildingshavenotonlysegregatedtheconnectionandcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsandthenature,butalsoproducedheavyburdenonthenaturalenvironmentandresources.Accordingtostatistics,morethan50％ofthematerialsmangatheredfromthenatureareusedfortheconstructionofallkindsofbuildingsandtheirattachedutilities,andanother50％oftheworldenergyareconsumedduringtheconstructionandutilizationofthosebuildings.Amongenvironmentalpollutions,construction-relatedairpollution,lightpollutionandelectromagneticpollutionaccountsfor34％。constructionwastemakesup40％ofthetrashproducedbyhuman.Inthedevelopingcountries,theskyrocketingconstructionaggravatesthemisuseoflandandthedestructionoftheecologicalenvironment.China,initsprocessofindustrializationandurbanizationandwiththeobjectiveofmaintaining7％-aboveannualgrowthrateofGDPinthenext15years,willbefacedwithseriousbottleneckofresourcelimitationandenvironmentaldeterioration.ThesituationshowsthatitisimperativeforChinatopromoteenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsintheprocessofsustainabledevelopment.Throughthescientificandsystematicdesign,incorporatedwithsuchnewandhightechnologiesasgreenfittings,naturalventilation,naturallighting,lowenergyexteriorprotectionsystem,newenergy,waterreuse,greenbuildingmaterials,intelligentcontrolandsoon,greenbuildingshavewithitsixfeatures:calculatedsiteplanning,efficientenergycirculation,effectiveandcomprehensiveenergysaving,healthyandcomfortablebuildingenvironment,innocuousandsmallamountofwastedischarge,andflexibleandconvenientinfunctions.Itcouldnotonlysatisfythephysicalandmentalneedofhumanbeings,butalsoreducetheimpactonthenaturalenvironmentwithitsefficientenergyconsumption.Mr.President,HuJintaohaspointedoutthatweshalldevelopland-savinghousing,popularizeenergyefficienttechnology,andestablishenergysaving,materialsavingandwatersavingcode。weshallutilizetheresourcesinathriftywayandapplytherecyclingmethodsinordertopursuethesustainabledevelopmentoftheeconomicsociety.ChinesePremierWenJiabaoandVice-PremierZengPeiyanhasreaffirmedthatconstructionenergysavingisnotonlyaneconomicissuebutalsoanimportantstrategy.Thedevelopmentofenergysavingtechnologyandgreenbuildingsisanimportantapproachintheconstructionfieldforpursuingtheessentialthoughtof“ThreeRepresents”andspiritofthe16thNationalCongress.Itcarriesoutthecomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainable1/8个人资料整理 仅限学习使用scientificviewofdevelopment,emphasizesthevalueofhumanbeings,integratesthedevelopmentoftheeconomyandthesociety,andpromotestheharmonizationbetweenthehumanbeingsandthenature.Thepurposeofthisapproachistoadjusttherealestatestructure,transformthemodeofincreaseinthebuildingandeconomysectorandpromotetheadjustmentofeconomicstructure.Theprincipleliesinthethriftyutilizationandrecyclingoftheenergy,thusfacilitatingthecomprehensiveutilizationoftheresources,buildingthesaving-typesocietyanddevelopingthecycliceconomy.ItreflectsthatChinaisnowstickingtoitshealthydevelopingpathtowardsproductiondevelopment,wealthylifeandsoundenvironment.Asacriticallinkintheprocessofenergysavingandsafeguardingnationalenergysafety,thisapproachconstitutesanessentialmethodtosolvesuchproblemsintheconstructionfieldashighinvestment,highconsumption,heavypollutionandlowprofit,anditisthestrategicworkforthereformandupgradingofthetraditionalconstructionandconstructionmaterialindustry,facilitatingthehealthy,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoftheconstructioncause.II.WorkshavebeendonerelatingtoenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsTheDesigningStandardforEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingoftheNorthernAreas1986wasthelandmarkofChineseenergyefficientwork.Afteralmosttwodecades,greatachievementshavebeenmadeinthefollowingaspects:(1>.Energyefficientdesignstandardsystemwiththegoalofsaving50％oftheenergyhasbeensetup。(2>.LawsystemwithTheRegulationsfortheAdministrationofEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingsastheprinciplehasbeensetup。(3>.Technologysupportingsystemofenergyefficientbuildinghasbeensetup。(4>.SeveralpilotprojectsofenergyefficientbuildinghasplayedtheleadingroleofChineseenergyefficientbuildingconstruction。(5>.Throughinternationalcooperation,advancedtechnologiesandmanagementexperiencehavebeenintroducedinChina.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,therewere320millionsquaremetersofenergyefficientbuildingsinurbanChina,saving10.94milliontonsofstandardcoal,dischargingCO2223.26milliontons.Atthesametime,theideologyofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheinternationalcommunity,andgreenarchitecturehasbeenmoreandmoreattachedimportanceto.BeijingCharter,whichhadbeenissuedinthe20thWorldArchitectConventionBeijing1999ofWorldArchitectAssociation,clearlyrequiredthatthesustainabledevelopmentwouldbetheworkingstandardofallarchitectsandengineersinthenewcentury.Chinahasdonegreatjobinthedevelopmentofgreenbuildings:thekeytech-researchofgreenarchitecturehasbeendeveloped。“NationalforGreenBuildingsInnovationAward”hasbeenset。manypracticeshavebeenmadeinofficebuildings,librariesofcollegesandinstitutions,urbanresidentialcommunities,ruralhousingandothertypesofbuilding.III.Problemstobeaddressed(1>ThelackofacquaintanceshipWeshallplaceenergyconservationandgreenbuildingsatthestrategiclevelasimplementingthescientificviewofdevelopment,buildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway,safeguardingnationalenergyandpromotingthesustainabledevelopment.(2>.ThelackofefficientincentivepoliciesandpowerfullawandregulationsThenationalpolicieshavelonglaidparticularstressontheenergyefficientofindustryandtraffic,whileenergyefficientandgreenbuildingslacksefficientencouragementpoliciesandpowerfullawsandregulations.TherearenoexistinglawsandregulationsinChinawithoperationalrewardsandpunishmentmethodstoforceallbenefitpartiestoparticipateinthesavingofenergy,land,waterandmaterials.TheDesigningStandardforEnergyConservationinCivilBuildingsissuedbyMinistryofConstructionasaministryregulationhasfarlessstrength.(3>.The2/8个人资料整理 仅限学习使用lackofthecommunicationplatformofnewtechnology,newmaterial,newfittingsandnewdesignandmanagementpatterns.Inthewesterndevelopingcountries,theenergyefficientandgreenarchitecturehasdecadesofhistories.Insomecountry,greatachievementofeconomicdevelopmentandlowertheenergyconsumptionhasbeenmade.TosystematicallyintroducethosesuccessfulexperienceandtechnologyintoChinawouldhelpChinatopromoteenergyefficientandgreenarchitectureandspreadingtherelatingnewtechnology,newproductandnewmanagementpatterns.(4>.Thesystemofstandardsandnormshasnotbeenformed.Thecomparativelyimprovedstandardsystemofenergyefficiencyforresidentialbuildingshaspreliminarilybeenshapedup,whichenforcesthedesigningstandardforenergysavingas50％forthreeclimateareasoneafteranother,butthestandardsforpublicandindustrialbuildingshavenotyetbeenpromulgatedandthecomprehensivestandardsystemforthebuildingenergysaving,theland,waterandmaterialefficiencyandtheenvironmentalprotectionhasnotbeensetup.(5>.Theeffectiveadministrativeregulatoryframeworkisnotinplace.Importancehasnotbeenattachedtotheadministrativefunctionsrelatedtoenergyefficiencyandgreenbuildings.Presentadministrativesystemisnoteffectivewithweakregulation.Insomelocalities,managementisevenoutofcontrol.(6>.Theenergystructureincitiesisnotreasonableandresourcesarewastedseverely.Nowadays,bymaintainingcoalasthemajorenergysource,theChinesecitiesstillremainunreasonableenergystructure.Thehighqualityenergysuchasnaturalgasandothercleanrenewableresourcessuchassolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergyetc.areslimlyutilizedinbuildings.Atpresent,2billionsquaremetersofnewhousingarebuiltannuallyinurbanandruralareasinChina,over80％ofwhicharetheoneswithhigh-energyconsumption.Among40billionsquaremetersofexistingbuildings,over95％aretheoneswithhigh-energyconsumption.TheenergyconsumptionperconstructionunitareainChinaistwicetothreetimestheoneinthedevelopedcountries.ThiscausedheavyenergyburdenandseriousenvironmentalpollutionthatbecometheoutstandingproblemconstrainingthesustainabledevelopmentofChina.Meanwhile,duringtheconstruction,thereexistproblemssuchaslowutilizingrateoflandresources,seriouswaterpollutionandhighconsumptionofbuildingmaterials.IV.ThemaintasksofdevelopingenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsTheguidingideastodevelopenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsare,withaviewtoadheringtothescientificviewofdevelopmentandfulfillingthesustainabledevelopmentofconstructionsector,tomakemajoreffortstolaunchthecampaignsofresourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionincludingtheefficiencyofenergy,land,waterandmaterialsandpromotethedevelopmentofenergyefficientandgreenbuildings.Thetrainofthought:1.Topushtheworkonfromallaspectsincludingregulationsandpolicies,normsandstandards,disseminatingmeasures,andtacklinghard-nutproblemsinscienceandtechnology,etc.2.Toregulatingtheoverallprocessfromsetting-upaproject,planning,designing,examiningdrawings,construction,supervising,checkingup,checkinguponcompletion,approvingthesellingtomaintenance.3.Topromulgateandenforcethestandardsofenergy,land,waterandmaterialefficiencyaswellasenvironmentalprotection.4.Touseworkmethodsfeaturedbyguidingaccordingtoclassifications,regionalcoordination,promotingcomprehensivelyandimplementingbydividingdifferentstages.5.Toencouragetheinvolvementofthewholesociety,besidesthegovernments,designingunits,organizationsforexaminingdrawings,constructors,supervisors,qualitysupervisionorganizations,developers,propertymanagemententerprisesandthebroad3/8个人资料整理 仅限学习使用massesofthepeople.Theobjectives:Throughoverallpromotion,by2020thegeneralobjectivewillbefulfilled,i.e.upgradingprojectstoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofmostexistingbuildingswillbefinishedandallthenewbuildingswillsave65％energy.Atthesametime,theeasternareasareencouragedtoreachahigherlevelofenergysaving。thedynamicequilibriumbetweennewly-constructedareasandoverallsavedlandsisexpectedsustainedbasically。thewatersavingrateintheprocessofconstructionandutilizationcanbeimprovedbymorethan30％comparingwiththepresentlevel。andthetotalconsumptionofirrenewableresourcesbynewbuildingscanbedroppedbyover30％nowadaysamount.Bytheyear2020,thelevelofresourcesavinginconstructionsectorinChinaisexpectedtoapproachorreachtheoneinthemoderatelydevelopedcountriesatpresent.Theremarkableeconomicandsocialeffectwillbeachievedwhichcanchangethewayofeconomicgrowthnotably.Majormeasures:1.Toestablishandimprovethepoliciesandregulationframeworkofdevelopingintelligentandgreenbuildings。2.Toperfectthetechnicalstandardsupportingsystemofintelligentandgreenbuildings。3.Tosetuptheeffectiveadministrativeregulatorysystemfordevelopingintelligentandgreenbuildings。4.Tointensifytheinternationalexchangesandcooperation,trainingandpublicitycampaignaswell.Atpresent,toputupaplatformforexchangingadvancedtechnologyandmanagementexperienceofintelligentandgreenbuildingsisextremelyurgent.“The1stInternationalConferenceonTechnologiesofIntelligentandGreenBuildings&the1stInternationalExpoonTechnologiesandProductsofIntelligentandGreenBuildings”whichwillbeheldinthisMarchissuchaplatformjointlyputupbyourMinistryandrelevantdepartmentshomeandabroadinordertoenhancetheinternationalexchangesandcooperationandimprovethetechnicalandmanagementlevelofgreenbuildingsinChina.WearedoingeffortstomaketheConferenceanannualgreatinternationaleventwithauthoritative,forward-lookingandwide-rangingcharacteristics.Mr.WangGuangtao,ourMinisteristhechairmanoforganizingcommittee,Iamtheexecutivedirector,Mr.ZhouGanzhi,ourformerviceministerandmembersforthetwoAcademiesisthedirectorofacademicguidingcommitteeoftheConferece.ThesponsorsaretheMinistryofConstruction,theMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,DepartmentofTradeandIndustryoftheUnitedKingdom,HousingDepartmentofCanada,ConstructionDepartmentofSingapore,andtheConstructionDevelopmentCommissionofIndia.ThefivethemesoftheConferenceareasfollows:1.Theoveralldesigningtheory,methodsandcasesofintelligentandgreenbuildings。2.Theintelligenttechnologyforbuildings。3.Thetechnologyandproductsofenergyefficiency。4.Thetechnologyofgreenecology。5.Thetechnologyandequipmentofgreenbuildingmaterials.Uptonow,thepreparationworkhasbeenalreadyfinished.2,000participantsincludinggovernmentofficials,entrepreneurs,expertsandscholarsdevotingtothefieldofenergyefficientandgreenbuildingsfromallovertheworldwillattendtheconference.ItwillnotonlygiveastrongimpetustothedevelopmentofintelligentandgreenbuildingsinChina,butalsoexertagreatinfluencetotheglobalsustainabledevelopment.、毕业设计<论文）开题报告4/8个人资料整理 仅限学习使用2、查找外刊资料寻找一篇合适地建筑学论文并完成翻译 .一、发展节能与绿色建筑地重要意义 建筑作为人工环境 ,是满足人类物质和精神生活需要地重要组成部分.然而,人类对感官享受地过度追求 ,以及不加节制地开发与建设 ,使现代建筑不仅疏离了人与自然地天然联系和交流,也给环境和资源带来了沉重地负担 .据统计,人类从自然界所获得地 50％以上地物质原料用来建造各类建筑及其附属设施,这些建筑在建造与使用过程中又消耗了全球能源地50％左右；在环境总体污染中,与建筑有关地空气污染、光污染、电磁污染等就占了34％；建筑垃圾则占人类活动产生垃圾总量地40％；在发展中国家,剧增地建筑量还造成侵占土地、破坏生态环境等现象日益严重.中国正处于工业化和城镇化快速发展阶段,要在未来15年保持GDP年均增长7％以上,将面临巨大地资源约束瓶颈和环境恶化压力.严峻地事实告诉我们,中国要走可持续发展道路,发展节能与绿色建筑刻不容缓.绿色建筑通过科学地整体设计,集成绿色配置、自然通风、自然采光、低能耗围护结构、新能源利用、中水回用、绿色建材和智能控制等高新技术,具有选址规划合理、资源利用高效循环、节能措施综合有效、建筑环境健康舒适、废物排放减量无害、建筑功能灵活适宜等六大特点.它不仅可以满足人们地生理和心理需求,而且能源和资源地消耗最为经济合理,对环境地影响最小.胡锦涛同志指出：要大力发展节能省地型住宅,全面推广节能技术,制定并强制执行节能、节材、节水标准,按照减量化、再利用、资源化地原则,搞好资源综合利用,实现经济社会地可持续发展.温家宝和曾培炎同志也多次指出,建筑节能不仅是经济问题,而且是重要地战略问题.发展节能与绿色建筑是建设领域贯彻“三个代表”重要思想和十六大精神,认真落实以人为本,全面、协调、可持续地科学发展观,统筹经济社会发展、人与自然和谐发展地重要举措；是调整房地产业结构和转变建筑业增长方式,转变经济增长方式,促进经济结构调整地迫切需要；是按照减量化、再利用、资源化地原则,促进资源综合利用,建设节约型社会,发展循环经济地必然要求；是坚持走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好地文明发展道路地重要体现；是节约能源,保障国家能源安全地关键环节；是探索解决建设行业高投入、高消耗、高污染、低效益地根本途径；是改造和提升传统地建筑业、建材业,实现建设事业健康、协调、可持续发展地重大战略性工作.二、我国在发展节能与绿色建筑方面所做地主要工作我国抓建筑节能是以1986年颁布北方地区居住建筑节能设计标准为标志启动地.经过近二十年地努力,建筑节能工作得到了逐步推进,取得了较大成绩,主要体现在以下几个方面：一是已初步建立起以节能50％为目标地建筑节能设计标准体系；二是初步形成了以《民用建筑节能管理规定》为主体地法规体系；三是初步形成了建筑节能地技术支撑体系；四是通过建筑节能试点示范工程,有效带动了建筑节能工作地发展；五是通过国际合作工程,引入了国外先进地技术和管理经验.据不完全统计,到2002年,全国城镇共建成节能建筑面积3.2亿平方M,实现节能1094万吨标准煤,减排CO22326万吨.与此同时,伴随着可持续发展思想在国际社会地认同,绿色建筑理念在中国也逐渐受到了重视.1999年在北京召开地国际建筑师协会第二十届世界建筑师大会发布地《北京宪章》明确要求将可持续发展作为建筑师和工程师在新世纪中地工作准则.中国在绿色建筑发展上做了大量地工作,开展了绿色建筑关键技术研究,设立了“全国绿色建筑创新奖”,在办公建筑、高等院校图书馆、城市住宅小区、农村住宅等建筑类型进行了绿色建筑地实践.三、目前存在地主要问题<一）认识不到位尚未将节能与绿色建筑工作放到贯彻科学发展观、全面建设小康社会、保证国家能源安全、实施可持续发展地战略高度来认识.<二）缺乏有效地激励政策和强有力地法律法规长期以来,国家对能源地管理偏重工业和交通节能,缺乏有效地激励政策引导和扶植节能与绿色建筑.我国现行地法律法规对能源、土地、水资源、材料地节约也没有可操作地奖惩方法来强制各方利益主体必须积极参与；而我部颁发地《民用建筑节能管理规定》,作为一个部门规章,力度远远不够.<三）缺乏行之有效地新技术、新材料、新配件和新地设计及管理模式地推广交流平台在西方发达国家,节能与绿色建筑已经有几十年地成功发展史.有地国家甚至已经取得经济发展和能耗持续下降地突出成就.及时、系统、广泛地引进它们地成功经验和技术,对引导我国刚起步地节能与绿色建筑地发展