定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择

一)定语从句(cónɡjù)的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就是定语从句Wecan’tignorethedifficultiesthat/whichlieahead. AllthatIwantisyourhappiness. Whatisthenameofthemanwhojustcamein.Ilikethosewhosmilealot. Therearealotofstudentsherewhoseparentsworkoutside. ThisistheschoolwhereIusedwork.定语(dìngyǔ)从句的先行词:被定语从句饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词1.判成分如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who,whom(作宾语)，that,which.2.确定先行词1)先行词如果指人选用who,whom(作宾语)或者that，在实际运用中多使用who;先行词如thatwhich，在实际运用中多使用that先行词(n／pron)＋who／whom／that注意：(1)、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词可以省略(2)限定性定语从句需要表语，用thatIamnotthemanthatIwastenyearsago.Wenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.2)Whose引导的定语从句当定语从句需要所有格(也可以理解为定语)，则需要用whose。只要定语从句需要所有先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。先行词(n／pron)＋whose6.Westoppedtohelpsomepeople________carbrokedown.7.Iliveinthehouse________doorisred.8.Youdon’tneedtolookupeveryword________meaningisnotclear.9.Theschoolshop,__________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.(高考)10.Youdon’tneedtolookupeveryword________meaningisnotclear.=Youdon’tneedtolookupeverywordthemeaningof______isnotclear.=Weareintroducinganewsystemof_______theaimistocutcosts.三)如何(rúhé)选用关系副词1)判成分：如果定语从句(cónɡjù)不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词2)确定先行词：先行词指地点用where;指时间(shíjiān)用when;指原因(reason),用why.2,ThisistheschoolwhereIonceworked.=Thisistheschool__________Ionceworked.33,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshedoesn’tlikeme?注意：则把先行词看成是指物，要使用关系代词that/which试比较：By,___________wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.ye2)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.小试(xiǎoshì)身手：4)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.(江苏高考(ɡāokǎo))和非限定定语(dìngyǔ)从句从句不能用thattedthreeyearsagohaventborneanyfruit四)关系代词或者副词的选用的进一步讲解Hepassedalltheexaminations,_________wehadexpected.Heisanengineer,_____hisbrotherisn’t.As往往有一些相对固定的形式aswehadexpected,asweallknow,asisknowntousall,asis/wasreported,asisoftenthecase,asitturnedout,aswecanrememberetc.Hewaslateforworkthismorning,asisoftenthecase.(xiǎoshì)身手：6)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabout9)Heisanengineer,_____hisbrotherisn’t.thtomtodoyz下面限定性定语(dìngyǔ)从句用that,不用(bùyòng)whichThisisoneofthemostdeliciousmeals________Ihaveeverhad.retalkingaboutthepeopleandthingstheycanremember要表语，用thatWenzhouisnottheplacethatitwas20yearsago.3)非限定定语从句