2023全国英语高考乙卷阅读ＡＢ答案解析＋词汇积累讲义高考英语复习

Ａ这篇文章介绍了几位历史上的女医生，强调她们在面对疑心和不公正待遇时的坚持和她们取得的成就。PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmania

(c.1322)

highlights

the

suspicion

thatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasa

physician

andperformed

surgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.

Inspiteof

thecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,she

wasbannedfrom

medicine.JamesBarry

(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,

dressedas

aman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.She

qualifiedas

a

surgeon

in1813,thenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.TanYunxian

(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomen

fromallwalksoflife.

In1511,Tanwroteabook,

SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.RebeccaLeeCrumpler

(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcareto

freed

slaves.41．WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveinmon?A．Doingteachingjobs.B．Beinghiredasphysicians.C．Performingsurgery.D．Beingbannedfrommedicine.选C。细节理解题。依据“BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.(她诞生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)〞和“Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813(她获得了做外科医生的资格)〞可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。所以选C。42．HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A．Shewroteabook.B．Shewentthroughtrials.C．Sheworkedasadentist.D．Shehadformaleducation.选A。推理推断题。依据第三方框“Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.(Tan写了一本书?女医生的故事?，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)〞可知，Tan写了一本书。而其他三个人没有提及写书的信息。应选A。43．WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A．JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B．TanYunxian.C．JamesBarry.D．RebeccaLeeCrumpler.选D。细节理解题。依据thefirstAfricanAmerican定位到第四方框中的这句话：“Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.(四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔女性)〞可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔人。应选D。词汇积累practitioner[prækˈtɪʃənər](noun)从业者；行医者；执业者highlight[ˈhaɪˌlaɪt](noun)重点；亮点suspicion[səˈspɪʃən](noun)疑心；疑虑physician[fɪˈzɪʃən](noun)医生；内科医生surgery[ˈsɜːrdʒəri](noun)外科；手术inspiteof不管；尽管bebannedfrom(phrase)被禁止bedressedas装扮成bequalifiedas[kwɒlɪfaɪd](phrase)被认为合格surgeon[ˈsɜːrdʒən](noun)外科医生；外科专家retired[rɪˈtaɪəd](adjective)退休的；离职的fromallwalksoflife来自各行各业的freedslaves解放了的奴隶trials[traɪəlz](noun)审判；审理dentist[ˈdɛntɪst](noun)牙医Ｂ这篇文章介绍了住在爱荷华州并专攻风景摄影是一项具有挑战性的任务，主要是由于这里缺乏地理变化。作者为了拍摄一些风景照片，甚至会在四小时的路程内，为了在10分钟的时间范围内拍摄而进行旅行。文章还强调了摄影中的正确时间和地点的重要性。强调时间管理的重要性。LivinginIowaandtryingtobeeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazylookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.44．HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?A．Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B．Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C．Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D．Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.选B。细节理解题。首先要知道what’sthechallenge?依据第一段和其次段可知作者作为摄影爱好者遇到的困难是爱荷华州缺乏地域差异：中西部的景观往往特别相像要么是农田要么是高速大路。作者是如何解决的？通过文章其次段“Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.(我倾向于和几个伴侣一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)〞可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。应选B。45．Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A．Propertimemanagement.B．Goodshootingtechniques.C．Adventurousspirit.D．Distinctivestyles.选A。推理推断题。文章第三段第一句话提出中心论点：Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.(在任何摄影风格中，在正确的时间消失在正确的地点都是打算性的)。接下来举了两个例子证明过早和过迟都不能拍到好的照片。可推知，作者认为，风景摄影胜利的关键是时间的刚刚好，不早不迟，适当的时间管理对于拍摄好照片特别重要。应选A。46．Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A．Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B．Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C．Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D．Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.选C。推理推断题。通过文章最终一段“However,wedidnotmarktheroutesoweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.(然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)〞可推知，作者在与伴侣的Devil’sLake之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。应选C。47．HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A．Amusing.B．Satisfying.C．Encouraging.D．forting.选B。推理推断题。通过文章最终一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(尽管如此，回忆这些照片，它们仍旧是我最好的一些照片，尽管假如我能明智地预备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)〞可推知，作者认为自己拍摄的照片是令人满足的。应选B。词汇积累photographer[fəˈtɒɡrəfər](noun)摄影师specializein专攻于，特地从事landscape[ˈlændskeɪp](noun)风景，景色geographical