2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试备考题库附带答案卷2

米宝宝科技2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Marsha→confessed←thatsheknewnothingofcomputer.A.admittedB.reportedC.hopedD.answered2.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)Caffeine

Caffeineisprobablythemostwidelyuseddrugintheworld.Humanshavebeenconsumingcaffeineforhundredsofyears,primarilyintheformofcoffee,tea,andcocoa.Habitualcoffeeandteadrinkershadlongbeenobservedtohavealowerincidenceofnonmelanoma(黑色素瘤）skincancers,althoughnooneknewwhy.Arecentstudyfoundthatcaffeineaffectsskincellsdamagedbyultravioletradiation,amaincauseofskincancer.Caffeineinterfereswithaproteinthatcancerouscellsneedtosurvive，leavingthedamagedcellstodiebeforetheybecomecancerous.Drinkingcaffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithadecreasedincidenceofendometrial(子宫内膜的)cancer—thatis,cancerofthecellsliningtheuterus(子宫）.Thestrongesteffectappearstobeiinoverweightwomen,whoareatgreatestriskforthedisease.Researchersbelievebloodsugar,fatcells,andestrogen(雌性激素）mayplayarole.Althoughthemechanismremainsunknown,peoplewhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeorteaadayreportedlyhaveabouthalftheriskofdevelopingchronicliverdiseaseasthosewhodrinklessthanonecupofcoffeedaily；caffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithloweredriskofcirrhosis(肝硬化）andlivercancer.

Whilemanyofcaffeine’sundesirable,effectssuchaselevatedheartrateandbloodpressure,arebrief,someshort-termbeenncludingpainrelief,increasedalertness,andincreasedphysicalendurance,haveJiPi^enattributedtocaffeine.Asacomponentofnumerousover-the-counterdietpiksandpainrelievers,caffeineincreasestheireffectivenessandhelpsthebodyabsornfhemmorequickly.Byconstricting(收缩)bloodvesselsinthebrain，itcanalleviatehffifaches—evenmigraines(偏头痛)—andcanhelpcounterthedrowsiness(眩晕）causdebyantihistamines(抗组胺药）.

Caffeinedoesnotaltertheneefjorsleep,bumitdoesofferatemporarysolutiontofatigueforpeoplewhoneedtoalert.Researchhasshownthatsleep-deprivedindividualswhoconsumedcaffeinehMimprovedmemoryandreasoningabilities,atleastintheshortterm.Studiesofrunnersamcyclistshave^iownthatcaffeinecanimprovetheirstamina—henceitsadditiontoener||-boostingdrinks.

Peoplewhoconsumealotof|M8ineregularlymaydeveloptemporarywithdrawalsymptoms,headachebeingthemom

Iftheyquitorcutbackonitabruptly.Fortunately,thesesymptomslastonly

inmostcases.Individualswhoaremoresensitivetothestimulatoryside

maywanttoavoidit,butmostdoctorsagreethattheequivalentofthrer^upsofcoffeeadaydoesnotharmhealthypeople.Thereisnomedicalbasistogiveupdailycaffeineandmanyreasonstoincludeamoderateamountinone’sdiet.DrinkingthreecupsofcoffeeadayAmaynotberecommendedbymostdoctors.Bwillprobablynotcauseproblems.Cisharmfultohealthypeople.Dmaybenefitsensitivepeople.3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Comeout，orI’ll→bust←thedoordown.A.breakB.shutC.setD.beat4.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Shecanbe→reliedon←inacrisis.A.lookedafterB.believedinC.dependedonD.turnedon5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)WorldHeartDaySundaywasWorldHeartDay.TheWorldHeartFederationanditsmembergroupsinmorethanonehundredcountriesorganizedthecelebrations.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherUnitedNationsagenciesprovidedsupportforthe___________(51).WorldHeartDaywasfirstobservedsixyears___________(52).Organizersproposedtheeventasawaytohelpreducethespreadofheartdisease.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysheart___________(53)killsseventeenmillionpeopleeachyear.Thegroupurgespeopletobeactiveandhaveagood，healthydiet.Italsowarns___________(54)activitiesknowntoincreaseaperson’sriskofheartattackorstroke.Someofthewarningsaredirectedatchildren.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysabouttwenty-twomillionboysandgirlsundertheageoffiveareobese—severelyoverweight.Childrenarenormallyenergeticandactive.___________(55)，twothirdsofallchildrenarenotactiveenough.Suchchildrengreatly___________(56)theirriskofbecomingobese.Theyalsoincreasetheir___________(57)ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorotherdisorders.OnemessageofWorldHeartDayistoeatright.Children—______(58)eatahealthyandbalanceddiet.Also,limitsugarydrinks，sweetsandeatingbetweenmeals.TheWorldHeartFederationurgesparentstokeeptheirchildren__________(59).!tsaysphysicalexercisehelpstodecreasetheriskofobesityand___________(60)achildhealthy.Obesechildrenoftenbecomeobeseadults.______(61)youbelieveyourchildistooheavy，talkwithahealthcareprovider.TheWorldHeartFederationisalsoconcernedabouttheeffectsoftobaccoonyoungpeople.Itsaystheyoungersomeonebeginstosmoke，the______(62)thechanceofahealthproblemtiedtosmoking.Halfoftheyoungpeoplewhocontinuetosmokeare___________(63)todielaterinlifefromasmoking-relateddisease.Thegroupsaysalmosthalfofallchildrenlivewithasmoker.Itsayschildrenwholivewitha___________(64)canbreatheanamountoftobaccoequaltomorethantwothousandcigarettes.Andthatisbythetimetheyarefiveyearsold.TheWorldHeartFederationalsosaysparentsshouldwarnchildrennottobe__________(65)bytobaccocompanies.Anditsaysparentswhosmokeshouldtrytostop.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.HenceD.But6.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Hercommentsaboutmenare→utterly←ridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.completelyD.faintly7.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Weshouldnotsacrificeenvironmentalprotectionsto→foster←economicgrowth.A.reduceB.promote,C.realizeD.give8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)WorldHeartDaySundaywasWorldHeartDay.TheWorldHeartFederationanditsmembergroupsinmorethanonehundredcountriesorganizedthecelebrations.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherUnitedNationsagenciesprovidedsupportforthe___________(51).WorldHeartDaywasfirstobservedsixyears___________(52).Organizersproposedtheeventasawaytohelpreducethespreadofheartdisease.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysheart___________(53)killsseventeenmillionpeopleeachyear.Thegroupurgespeopletobeactiveandhaveagood，healthydiet.Italsowarns___________(54)activitiesknowntoincreaseaperson’sriskofheartattackorstroke.Someofthewarningsaredirectedatchildren.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysabouttwenty-twomillionboysandgirlsundertheageoffiveareobese—severelyoverweight.Childrenarenormallyenergeticandactive.___________(55)，twothirdsofallchildrenarenotactiveenough.Suchchildrengreatly___________(56)theirriskofbecomingobese.Theyalsoincreasetheir___________(57)ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorotherdisorders.OnemessageofWorldHeartDayistoeatright.Children—______(58)eatahealthyandbalanceddiet.Also,limitsugarydrinks，sweetsandeatingbetweenmeals.TheWorldHeartFederationurgesparentstokeeptheirchildren__________(59).!tsaysphysicalexercisehelpstodecreasetheriskofobesityand___________(60)achildhealthy.Obesechildrenoftenbecomeobeseadults.______(61)youbelieveyourchildistooheavy，talkwithahealthcareprovider.TheWorldHeartFederationisalsoconcernedabouttheeffectsoftobaccoonyoungpeople.Itsaystheyoungersomeonebeginstosmoke，the______(62)thechanceofahealthproblemtiedtosmoking.Halfoftheyoungpeoplewhocontinuetosmokeare___________(63)todielaterinlifefromasmoking-relateddisease.Thegroupsaysalmosthalfofallchildrenlivewithasmoker.Itsayschildrenwholivewitha___________(64)canbreatheanamountoftobaccoequaltomorethantwothousandcigarettes.Andthatisbythetimetheyarefiveyearsold.TheWorldHeartFederationalsosaysparentsshouldwarnchildrennottobe__________(65)bytobaccocompanies.Anditsaysparentswhosmokeshouldtrytostop.A.groupB.eventC.organizationD.agency9.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttackGermanresearchershavecomeupwithanewgenerationofdefibrillators(除颤器)andearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreater__(51)fromsuddendeathfromcardiacarrest(心脏停搏）InGermanyalone,around100，000peopledieannually__(52)aresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecasesarecausedbydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostat_(53)arepatientswhohavealreadysufferedaheartattack,andforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulin_(54)life-threateningdisruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices_(55)onarangeoffunctions,suchasthatofpacemaker(起搏器）.HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator_(56)ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogram(ECG,心电图）withinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallows_(57)diagnosisofsevereblood-flowproblemsandapending(艮P将发生的）heartattack.Itwillbeimplantedin_(58)forthefirsttimethisyear.Meanwhile,researchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethat_(59)theevaluationofECGdatamoreprecise.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthis__(60)undergoregularECGs.“Manyofthecurrentprogramsonlytakeinto(61)alinearcorrelationofthedata.Weare,however,makinguseofanon-linearprocess(62)revealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem，，，HagenKnafsays.“Inthiswaychangesintheheart(63)overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount.，’AnoldstudyofECGdata,basedupon600patientswhohad_(64)asubsequentheartattack,enabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshowthatthenewsoftwareevaluatesthe(65)considerablybetter.A.worthyB.fullC.proudD.capable10.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)Caffeine

Caffeineisprobablythemostwidelyuseddrugintheworld.Humanshavebeenconsumingcaffeineforhundredsofyears,primarilyintheformofcoffee,tea,andcocoa.Habitualcoffeeandteadrinkershadlongbeenobservedtohavealowerincidenceofnonmelanoma(黑色素瘤）skincancers,althoughnooneknewwhy.Arecentstudyfoundthatcaffeineaffectsskincellsdamagedbyultravioletradiation,amaincauseofskincancer.Caffeineinterfereswithaproteinthatcancerouscellsneedtosurvive，leavingthedamagedcellstodiebeforetheybecomecancerous.Drinkingcaffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithadecreasedincidenceofendometrial(子宫内膜的)cancer—thatis,cancerofthecellsliningtheuterus(子宫）.Thestrongesteffectappearstobeiinoverweightwomen,whoareatgreatestriskforthedisease.Researchersbelievebloodsugar,fatcells,andestrogen(雌性激素）mayplayarole.Althoughthemechanismremainsunknown,peoplewhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeorteaadayreportedlyhaveabouthalftheriskofdevelopingchronicliverdiseaseasthosewhodrinklessthanonecupofcoffeedaily；caffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithloweredriskofcirrhosis(肝硬化）andlivercancer.

Whilemanyofcaffeine’sundesirable,effectssuchaselevatedheartrateandbloodpressure,arebrief,someshort-termbeenncludingpainrelief,increasedalertness,andincreasedphysicalendurance,haveJiPi^enattributedtocaffeine.Asacomponentofnumerousover-the-counterdietpiksandpainrelievers,caffeineincreasestheireffectivenessandhelpsthebodyabsornfhemmorequickly.Byconstricting(收缩)bloodvesselsinthebrain，itcanalleviatehffifaches—evenmigraines(偏头痛)—andcanhelpcounterthedrowsiness(眩晕）causdebyantihistamines(抗组胺药）.

Caffeinedoesnotaltertheneefjorsleep,bumitdoesofferatemporarysolutiontofatigueforpeoplewhoneedtoalert.Researchhasshownthatsleep-deprivedindividualswhoconsumedcaffeinehMimprovedmemoryandreasoningabilities,atleastintheshortterm.Studiesofrunnersamcyclistshave^iownthatcaffeinecanimprovetheirstamina—henceitsadditiontoener||-boostingdrinks.

Peoplewhoconsumealotof|M8ineregularlymaydeveloptemporarywithdrawalsymptoms,headachebeingthemom

Iftheyquitorcutbackonitabruptly.Fortunately,thesesymptomslastonly

inmostcases.Individualswhoaremoresensitivetothestimulatoryside

maywanttoavoidit,butmostdoctorsagreethattheequivalentofthrer^upsofcoffeeadaydoesnotharmhealthypeople.Thereisnomedicalbasistogiveupdailycaffeineandmanyreasonstoincludeamoderateamountinone’sdiet.SomeathletesusecaffeinetoA

increasetheirendurance.B

improvetheirspeed.C

maintaintheiralertness.D

relaxtheirmuscles.11.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheMind-BodyConnectionsNormanCousinswasafamousAmericanmagazineeditor.In1964，hereturnedfromanoverseastripandthenbecameveryill.Inthehospital,hehadterriblepainandcouldn'tmovehisbody.Doctorstoldhimhehadaseriousdiseasecalledankylosingspondylitis(强直性脊柱炎）andsaidhehadonly1chancein500ofsurviving.Theygavehimpowerfuldrugs,buthisconditiononlygotworse.Cousinshadreadaboutatheorythatnegativeemotionscanharmyourhealth.Hebelievedthatpositiveemotionsweregoodforone'shealth,andhedecidedtotryanexperiment.Hewouldfillhisdayswithgoodfeelingsandlaughterandseeifthatmightimprovehiscondition.Heleftthehospitalandmovedintoahotelroom.There,hegotalargesupplyoffunnyTVprogramsandcopiesofoldMarxBrothersmoviesandcartoons.Healsohiredanursetoreadfunnystoriestohim.Hisplanwastospendthewholedaylaughingandthinkingabouthappythings.Onhisfirstnightinthehotel,Cousinsfoundthatlaughingatthemovieshelpedhisbodyproducechemicalsthatreducedpain.Forthefirsttimeinweeks,hecouldsleepcomfortablyforafewhours.Everytimethepaincameback,hewatchedanotherfunnymovieandlaugheduntilhefeltbetter.Overtime,Cousinswasabletomeasurechangesinhisbodywithbloodtests.Hefoundthattheharmfulchemicalsinhisbodydecreasedatleast5percenteverytimehewatchedafunnymovie.Afterashorttime,hewasabletostoptakingallofhismedications.Finallyhisconditionimprovedsomuchthathecouldgobacktowork.Cousinslaterwroteabookabouthowlaughterandhappinesshelpedhimtosurviveadeadlyillness.Manypeopledidn'tbelievehisstoryandsaidthathisdoctorswerewrongabouthisdisease.Butsincethen,researchhasfoundthatemotionsdohaveastrongeffectonphysicalhealth,andexperimentsfoundthatlaughtercanhelptoreducepain.Scientiststodayareworkingtounderstandthewaysthatourmindsaffectourbodies.Cousinsstartedwatchingmoviesbecausehewasbored.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned12.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)

FactsaboutStroke1Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes，someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167,661peoplein2000andisthenation’sthirdleadingcauseofdeath，rankingbehinddiseasesoftheheartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofserious，long-termdisabilityintheUnitedStates.2Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular（心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthearteries（动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenabloodvesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients（营养物）tothebrainiseitherblockedbyaclot（凝块）orbursts.Whenthathappens，partofthebraincannotgettheblood(andoxygen)itneeds，soitstartstodie.3Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunctions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan’treachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction，thatpartofthebodywon’tworkasitshould.Ifthestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain，forinstance，it'slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastrokedependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction（阻塞）andtheextentofbraintissueaffected.4TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthatincreasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas，thegreaterthechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan’tcontrol，suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory，race，andpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresumingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider’shelp.Someoftheseinclude:highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,andhighredbloodcellcount.5Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears，therewasnohopeforthosesufferingastroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.Whenastrokeoccurs，thearteriesleadingtoandwithinthebrain→

.←A.sufferfromastrokeB.willbeaffectedC.changetheirlifestylesD.willtakeplaceE.occursatthebackofhis/herbrainF.controlsvariousbodyfunctions13.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)DNAFingerprintingDNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundwithinthecellnucleiofalllivingthings.Inmammals(哺乳动物）thestrandsofDNAaregroupedintostructurescalledchromosomes(染色体)Withtheexceptionofidenticaltwins,thecompleteDNAofeachindividualisunique.DNAfingerprintingissometimescalledDNAtyping.ItisamethodofidentificationthatcomparesbitsofDNA.ADNAfingerprintisconstructedbyfirstdrawingoutaDNAsamplefrombodytissueorfluidsuchashair,blood,orsaliva(唾液）_Thesampleisthensegmentedusingenzymes(酶），andthesegmentsarearrangedbysize.ThesegmentsaremarkedwithprobesandexposedonX-rayfilm,wheretheyformapatternofblackbars—theDNAfingerprint.IftheDNAfingerprintsproducedfromtwodifferentsamplesmatch,thetwosamplesprobablycamefromthesameperson.DNAfingerprintingwasfirstdevelopedasanidentificationtechniquein1985.Originallyusedtodetectthepresenceofgeneticdiseases,itsooncametobeusedincriminalinvestigationsandlegalaffairs.ThefirstcriminalconvictionbasedonDNAevidenceintheUnitedStatesoccurredin1988.Incriminalinvestigations，DNAfingerprintsderivedfromevidencecollectedatthecrimescenearecomparedtotheDNAfingerprintsofsuspects,(generally,courtshaveacceptedthereliabilityofDNAtestingandadmittedDNAtestresultsintoevidence.However,DNAfingerprintingiscontroversialinanumberofareas：theaccuracyoftheresults,thecostoftesting,andthepossiblemisuseofthetechnique.TheaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallengedforseveralreasons.First,becauseDNAsegmentsratherthancompleteDNAstrandsare“fingerprinted”；aDNAfingerprintmaynotbeunique；large-scaleresearchtoconfirmtheuniquenessofDNAfingerprintingtestresultshasnotbeenconducted.Inaddition,DNAfingerprintingisoftendoneinprivatelaboratoriesthatmaynotfollowuniformtestingstandardsandqualitycontrols.Also,sincehumanbeingsmustinterpretthetest,humanerrorcouldleadtofalseresults.DNAfingerprintingisexpensive.SuspectswhoareunabletoprovidetheirownDNAtoexpertsmaynotbeabletosuccessfullydefendthemselvesagainstchargesbasedonDNAevidence.WidespreaduseofDNAtestingforidentificationpurposesmayleadtotheestablishmentofaDNAfingerprintdatabase.Iftwosistersareidenticaltwins，theircompleteDNAsare_.AthesameBuniqueCdifferentDsimilar14.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)StudySaysDogsCanSmellCancerDogsareknownfortheirsenseofsmell.Theycanfindmissingpeopleandthingslikebombsandillegaldrugs.Nowastudysuggeststhattheanimalknownasman’sbestfriendcanevenfindbladder(膀胱）cancer.Cancercellsarethoughttoproducechemicalswithunusualodors(气味）.Researchersthinkdogshavetheabilitytosmelltheseodors,eveninverysmallamounts,inurine(尿）Thesenseofsmellindogsisthousandsoftimesbetterthaninhumans.Thestudyfollowsreportsofcaseswhere,forexample,adogshowedgreatinterestinagrowthonthelegofitsowner.Themole(癒）waslaterfoundtobeskincancer.CarolynWillisledateamofresearchersatAmershamHospitalinEngland.Theytraineddifferentkindsofdogsfortheexperiment.Thestudyinvolvedurinecollectedfrombladdercancerpatients,frompeoplewithotherdiseasesandfromhealthypeople.Eachdogwastestedeighttimes.Ineachtestthereweresevensamplesforthedogstosmell.Thedogwassupposedtosignaltheonefromabladdercancerpatientbylyingdownnexttoit.Twocockerspanie丨s(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）werecorrectfifty-sixpercentofthetime.Butthescientistsreportedanaveragesuccessrateofforty-onepercent.Asagroup,thestudyfoundthatthedogschosethecorrectsampletwenty-twooutoffifty-fourtimes.Thatisalmostthreetimesmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychancealone.TheBritishMedicalJournalpublishedtheresearch.Inall,thirty-sixbladdercancerpatientsandonehundredandeightotherpeopletookpart.Duringtraining,allthedogsreportedlyevenidentifiedacancerinapersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.Doctorsfoundagrowthontheperson，srightkidney(肾）?Bladdercanceristheninthmostcommoncancerworldwide.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthisdiseasekillsmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleeachyear.Doctorssaycigarettesmokingistheleadingcauseofbladdercancer.Thedogs,averagesuccessratewasA.56%.B.41%.C.22%.D.54%.15.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Rumorsbeganto→circulate←abouthisfinancialproblems.A.sendB.hearC.confirmD.spread16.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheMind-BodyConnectionsNormanCousinswasafamousAmericanmagazineeditor.In1964，hereturnedfromanoverseastripandthenbecameveryill.Inthehospital,hehadterriblepainandcouldn'tmovehisbody.Doctorstoldhimhehadaseriousdiseasecalledankylosingspondylitis(强直性脊柱炎）andsaidhehadonly1chancein500ofsurviving.Theygavehimpowerfuldrugs,buthisconditiononlygotworse.Cousinshadreadaboutatheorythatnegativeemotionscanharmyourhealth.Hebelievedthatpositiveemotionsweregoodforone'shealth,andhedecidedtotryanexperiment.Hewouldfillhisdayswithgoodfeelingsandlaughterandseeifthatmightimprovehiscondition.Heleftthehospitalandmovedintoahotelroom.There,hegotalargesupplyoffunnyTVprogramsandcopiesofoldMarxBrothersmoviesandcartoons.Healsohiredanursetoreadfunnystoriestohim.Hisplanwastospendthewholedaylaughingandthinkingabouthappythings.Onhisfirstnightinthehotel,Cousinsfoundthatlaughingatthemovieshelpedhisbodyproducechemicalsthatreducedpain.Forthefirsttimeinweeks,hecouldsleepcomfortablyforafewhours.Everytimethepaincameback,hewatchedanotherfunnymovieandlaugheduntilhefeltbetter.Overtime,Cousinswasabletomeasurechangesinhisbodywithbloodtests.Hefoundthattheharmfulchemicalsinhisbodydecreasedatleast5percenteverytimehewatchedafunnymovie.Afterashorttime,hewasabletostoptakingallofhismedications.Finallyhisconditionimprovedsomuchthathecouldgobacktowork.Cousinslaterwroteabookabouthowlaughterandhappinesshelpedhimtosurviveadeadlyillness.Manypeopledidn'tbelievehisstoryandsaidthathisdoctorswerewrongabouthisdisease.Butsincethen,researchhasfoundthatemotionsdohaveastrongeffectonphysicalhealth,andexperimentsfoundthatlaughtercanhelptoreducepain.Scientiststodayareworkingtounderstandthewaysthatourmindsaffectourbodies.DrugshelpedtostopthepainofCousins’sdisease.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.(单项选择题)(每题3.00分)第二篇“Don’tDrinkAlone”GetsNewMeaningInwhatmaybebadnewsforbarsandpubs，aEuropeanresearchgrouphasfoundthatpeopledrinkingalcoho丨outsideofmealshaveasignificantlyhigherriskomouthandneckthandothosewhodrinkwithfood.LuiginoDa丨Masoandhiscolleaguesstudiedthedrinkingpatternsof1,500patients什omfourcancerstudiesandanother3,500adultswhohadneverhadcancer.Aftertheresearchersaccountedfortheamountofalcoholconsumed，theyfoundthatindividualswhodownedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmealsfacedatleasta50to80percentriskofcancerintheoralcavity(口腔），pharynx(咽），andesophagus(食管),whencomparedwithpeoplewhodrankonlyatmeals.Consumingalcoholwithoutfoodalsoincreasedbyatleast20percentthelikelihoodoflaryngealcancer(喉癌）."Roughly95percentofcancersatthesefoursitestracedtosmokingordrinkingbythestudyvolunteers,"DalMasosays.Thediscouragingnews，histeamreports，isthatdrinkingwithmealsdidn'teliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites.Fortheirnewanalysis,theEuropeanscientistsdividedpeopleinthestudyintofourgroups,basedanhowmanydrinkstheyreportedhavinginanaverageweek.Thelowest-intakegroupincludedpeoplewhoaveragedupto20drinksaweek.Thehighestgroupreporteddowningatleast56cupsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreperday.Cancerrisksforthemouthandnecksitesrosesteadilywithconsumptionevenforpeoplewhoreporteddrinkingonlywithmeals.Forinstance，comparedwithpeopleinthelowestgroup,participantswhodrank21to34alcoholcupsaweekatleastdoubledtheircancerriskforallsitesotherthanthelarynx.Ifpeopleintheseconsumptiongroupstooksomeofthosedrinksoutsidemeals,thoseinthehigherconsumptiongroupatleastquadrupled(四倍)theirriskoralcavityandesophagealcancers.Peopleinthehighest-consumptiongroupwhodrankonlywithmealshad10timestheriskoforalcancer,7timestheriskofpharyngealcancer，and16timestheriskofesophagealcancercomparedwiththosewhoaveraged20orfewerdrinksaweekwithmeals.Incontrast,laryngealcancerriskinthehigh-intake，with-meals-onlygroupwasonlyho