2023年考研考博考博英语中国人民大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国人民大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.问题1选项A.won’teliminateB.willbeeliminationC.shouldhavebeeneliminatedD.shouldhelpeliminate2.单选题Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.问题1选项A.earthquakesonlyB.tsunamisonlyC.bothearthquakesandtsunamisD.variousnaturaldisasters问题2选项A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildingsB.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccurC.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamisD.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena问题3选项A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappenB.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccurC.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapersD.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen问题4选项A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarmingB.destructionofthebalanceoftheecologyC.earthquakesD.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission问题5选项A.structuresofthebuildingB.solidityofthebuildingC.theheightofthebuildingD.thelocalgeology3.单选题Remembertoaskfora（）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt4.单选题TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.问题1选项A.hasitbecomeB.ithasbecameC.itbecomesD.doesitbecome5.单选题Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually6.单选题Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.问题1选项A.foundationsB.functionsC.rolesD.relations7.单选题Thetransitionfromwife’stomother’srolerequirethewifeto（

）tothecompletelynewsituationindailylife.问题1选项A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept8.单选题AmItounderstandthathisnewpost（）noresponsibilitywithitatall?问题1选项A.keepsB.supportsC.carriesD.possesses9.单选题The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.问题1选项A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter10.单选题Advocatesofprivateschoolarguethateducationinoneofthesefacilitiesismorevaluableand（）thananyothereducationalopportunity.问题1选项A.awardedB.awardingC.rewardedD.rewarding11.单选题问题1选项A.sentupB.sentoffC.sentoutD.sentin12.单选题AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?问题1选项A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflaborB.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor问题2选项A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaplyB.increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced问题3选项A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborB.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystemC.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwasD.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction问题4选项A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods问题5选项A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomistB.TheTheoryofDivisionofLaborC.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWorkD.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor13.单选题Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

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2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

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3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?问题1选项A.promotiondependsonamiabilityB.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevelC.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinatesD.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry问题2选项A.hallucinationexerciseB.physicalexerciseC.meditationexerciseD.entertainment问题3选项A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutivesB.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompanyC.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-huntingD.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks问题4选项A.theycanconducttheirbusinessB.theycanindulgethemselvesC.theycancultivatetheirmindD.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize问题5选项A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.14.单选题Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.问题1选项A.haveextremelybeenB.hasbeenextremelyC.willbeextremelyD.shouldextremelybe15.写作题Writeanessayabout200wordsasyouranswertothefollowingquestion:“ShouldtheChinesegovernmentpaymoreattentionandinvestmoreineducationforchildrenintheruralarea?”WriteyouransweronyourANSWERSHEETII.16.单选题Thelittlegirlisignorant（）thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.问题1选项A.forB.ofC.withD.against17.单选题Alloftheinternationaldelegatesattendingtheconference（）tobringasouvenirfromtheirowncountries.问题1选项A.hasaskedB.isaskingC.wereaskedD.wasasking18.单选题Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.问题1选项A.somuchB.somanyC.toofewD.afew19.单选题Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation20.单选题I（）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.问题1选项A.insistB.confirmC.assureD.ensure第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙医，所以这应该有助于解决她的假牙问题。should表示有较大可能实现的推测，且根据句意可知，这里时态应该为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。2.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是地震及其影响，并着重介绍了其最具破坏性的影响之一——海啸。所以选项C正确。2.信息推断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目标是了解地球上的地震及其引发的其他活动。选项D符合原文。3.信息推断题。结合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享这些信息能够帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤人数。由此可以推断，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易发生地震的地方，选项A正确。4.事实细节题。根据第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破坏性的影响之一是海啸。海啸是巨大的海浪，发生在海底地震后。由此可知，海啸是由地震导致的，选项C正确。5.事实细节题。根据最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影响地震强度的一个因素是当地的地质条件。选项D符合原文。3.【答案】A【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。4.【答案】A【解析】语法知识。根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。5.【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。6.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:管理部门通过各种职能运作，通常分为规划、机构领导/激励和控制。只有选项B有职能的意思，所以本题选B。7.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指适应新环境。adaptto为固定搭配，意为“适应”，所以选项A正确。8.【答案】C【解析】常用搭配。carryresponsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。选项C符合句意。9.【答案】C【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。10.【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，只有选项D是形容词，所以正确。11.【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。sendup使上升；sendoff寄出，派遣；sendout发送；sendin递送，呈报。根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。12.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项C符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于AdamSmith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。13.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A,B,C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知选项C与原文相符。4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。14.【答案】B【解析】根据"eversince"可知本句应用现在完成时，表示过去的影响一直持续到现在。所以选项B正确。15.【答案】Nowadays,thesocietycalledformoreeffortstoupgradetheeducationqualityinthevastwesternruralarea,wheretheeconomywasrelativelybackward.Toimprovetheeducationqualityinthewesternprovinces,especiallyintheruralarea,weshouldpromotesocialharmony,coordinatedevelopmentbetweenthecitiesandthecountryside,andpayattentiontothelong-termdevelopmentofthewesternregion.Moreinvestmentshouldbeinjectedintotheeducationsectorinthewesternruralareatoallowruralstudentstoreceivetheirfreenine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Thegovernmentshouldattractmoreoutstandingteacherstoserveinthecountryside.Also,moreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheteachingandboardingfacilitiesforruralstudents,andteachingmethodsshouldalsobeimprovedtohelpstudentsdevelopcreativethinking.Theauthorityshouldalsostresstheimportanceofeducationforethnicminorities.Moreeffortsshouldbemadetodevelopethnicminorityeducationsoastomakecontributiontothecommonprosperityofallnationalities.16.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意为“不知道,不了解”，为固定搭配。选项B正确。17.【答案】C【解析】本句主语为“delegates”，所以谓语动词应为复数形式。选项C正确。18.【答案】A【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。19.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。20.【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。sb.confirmthat证实......；assuresb.that...向某人保证......；sb.ensurethat...确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted2.单选题Terroristsmurderandkidnappeople,（）bombs,hijackairplanes,setfires,andcommitotherseriouscrimes.问题1选项A.lightupB.setoffC.plantinD.ignite3.单选题Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas（）facehisparents.问题1选项A.tooashamedtoB.tooembarrassingtoC.veryashamedofD.veryembarrassingto4.翻译题Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.5.单选题Todayscientistshaveagreaterunderstandingofgeneticsanditsrolein（）organisms.问题1选项A.liveB.lifeC.livingD.alive6.单选题Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.问题1选项A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally7.单选题Thesoldierwas（

）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.问题1选项A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished8.单选题Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.问题1选项A.infuseB.abuseC.reduceD.refuse9.单选题Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing10.单选题Edisontestedmorethanonethousandmaterialstoseeiftheycould（）electriccurrentandglow.问题1选项A.bringB.makeC.carryD.produce11.单选题Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.问题1选项A.withtheexceptionofB.inthelightofC.byvirtueofD.regardlessof12.翻译题美国财政部长亨利•保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事务发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员。13.单选题Alineinasongasks,“Doesanyonereallyknowwhattimeitis?”Thisquestioncouldeasilyapplytocalendars!Didyouknowthatourideasabouttimeareaffectedbyreligion?Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.Oddstructures,suchasStonehengeinEngland,mayhavebeenusedtomeasuretimelongago.Theseancientrocksstandinacirclelikelarge,grayLegos.Somepeoplethinkthattherocksrelatetothepositionofthesun.Nooneknowshowpeoplemovedthemintothisinformation,butitwasprobablyalotofwork.Ifitwasacalendar,itsurewasabigone!TheAztecsalsohadarockcalendarthatwasrelatedtothesun.TheyhadaSunStonethatshowedtheirsungodinthecenter.Thecalendaryouareprobablymostfamiliarisalsobasedonthesun.ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.Thecycleoftheyearinasolarcalendarismeasuredfromoneequinoxtothenext.Asolarcalendarhastobeadjustedeverysooftentokeepintimewiththesun.In1582,PopeGregoryXHfirstauthorizedtakingafewdaysoutofeveryyearforthepurposeofadjustingthecalendar.Peopledidn’tlikethisonebitbecausetheythoughttheywerelosingtime!IttookcenturiesforEuropeanstogetusedtothisconcept.Eventually,asystemwasworkedouttoaddasingledaytothecalendareveryfouryears.Soitwassynchronizedwiththeseasons.Theextradaymadeeveryfourthyear366dayslong.Thesespecialyearsarecalledleapyears,andwecalledtheextradaytothemonthofFebruary.IfyouknowsomeonewhosebirthdayisFebruary29,youknowthatheorshewasborninaleapyear.ThiscalendariscalledtheGregoriancalendar,anditisusedintheUnitedStatesandotherChristiancountries.Muslimsuseadifferentkindofcalendar.Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,anditiscompletelydifferentthanasolarone.AccordingtotheMuslimholybook,theKoran,Allahsaid,“Truly,twelvemonthsisthenumberofthemonthswithGod,accordingtotheGod’sBook,eversinceHecreatedheavenandEarth.”AnewMuslimmonthdoesnotstartuntiltworeliablewitnesseshaveseenthenewmoon.MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.1.Accordingtotheauthorofthearticle,（）hasinfluencedourwayofmeasuringthetime.2.Weknowfromthearticlethat（）calendarisbasedonthecycleofthemoon.3.FromthearticlewecaninferthatRamadanisaMuslimfestival,whichlastsfor（）.4.Theverb“synchronize”（Line1,Paragraph4）probablymeans（）.5.Thecalendarthatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasfirstadoptedby（）.问题1选项A.theuniverseB.thePopeC.religionD.nature问题2选项A.GregorianB.solarC.ChristianD.lunar问题3选项A.onemonthB.oneweekC.fourdaysD.twentyfivedays问题4选项A.tocausetooccurfourdayslaterB.tocausetohappenfourdaysearlierC.tohappenbeforehandorafterwardsD.tocausetohappenatthesametime问题5选项A.theChristianB.thePopeC.JuliusCaesarD.theMuslims14.单选题TheadvertisementforSuperSudsdetergent（

）thatthesalehasincreasedby25%inthefirstquarteroftheyear.问题1选项A.havebeensosuccessfulB.hadbeensosuccessfulC.hasbeensosuccessfulD.willbesosuccessful15.单选题Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable16.单选题Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.问题1选项A.asevereset-backB.sharpset-backC.asevereblown-upD.sharpblown-up17.单选题Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.问题1选项A.completedB.compiledC.collatedD.contested18.翻译题Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.19.单选题Ithasbeenarguedthatwhereschoolsbecomebureaucratized,theybecomeboundupwiththetechniquesandimplementationofthemanagerialprocess,andmayconcentrateonconcernwithpositionandself-advancement.Insodoing,theymayneglectthepurposeforwhichtheyweresetup.Thus,theydonotfacilitatethedevelopmentofthosewhoarepartoftheschoolcommunity,andtendtoneglectthedesiresofchildren,parentsandsocietyatlarge.Itisbecauseofsuchcriticismsthattherehasbeenanincreasinginfluenceinpoliticalrhetoricandlegislationoffree-markettheoriesoforganizationandsociety.Suchtheoriessuggestthatamuchmoremarket-oriented,competitiveapproachisrequiredsothatschoolsreorientthemselvestowardstheir“clients”.Bysodoing,itisclaimed,notonlydotheyonceagainaddresstheneedsofthosewithwhomtheyshouldbeprimarilyconcerned,butsuchanapproachalsounleashesthebenefitsofindividualresponsibility,freedomofchoice,andreward.Thoughmuchofthissoundsattractive,ithasitsrootsasmuchinaneconomicbodyofthoughtasinsocialandpoliticaltheory,andthismustraisethequestionofwhetheritcanbeviablytransferredtoaneducationalcontext.Indeed,ifby“educational”wemeanthedevelopmentofallwithintheschoolcommunity,thenfree-markettheorymaymissthemarkbyconcentratingononlyonesection,“theconsumers”.Ifteachersareseenaspartofthiscommunity,thentheirdevelopmentisjustasimportant.Ifbureaucraticformsofmanagementfacetheproblemofexplaininghowtheirvaluescanbeobjectivewhentheyareinfacttheproductofaparticularvalueorientation,theformsofmanagementderivedfromfree-markettheories,suggestinganopennesstotheadoptionofdifferentsetsofvalues,aresubjecttothechargeofrelativism.Inotherwords,free-markettheories,grantedthattheyarearguingthatindividualsshouldbeallowedtopursuetheirownends,mustexplainwhyanysetofvalues,includingtheirown,ispreferabletoanother.1.Accordingtotheauthor,criticismofschoolsarisesfrom（）.2.The“schoolcommunity”(Line3,Para.4)theauthorreferstowouldprobablyinclude（）.3.Thetransferoffreemarketideastotheschoolsmayfailbecause（）.4.Accordingtothetext,criticismoffreemarketsolutionsineducationarisefromthefactthat（）.5.The“chargeofrelativism”mentionedinthelastparagraphismeanttoshow（）.问题1选项A.concernsthatschoolsdeliberatelyneglectstudentsB.thehighcostofeducationduetobureaucracyC.aperceptionofthemasself-servingandbureaucraticD.amisunderstandingofschoolsofficials问题2选项A.studentsB.studentsandparentsC.students,parentsandteachersD.teachersandstudents问题3选项A.schoolshavenorealclientsB.theyconcentrateonlyontheconsumeranddonotincludeteachersC.schoolsaretotallydifferentfromthefreemarketD.theyhavenosolidpurposeintheiraims问题4选项A.theydonotexplainwhytheirsetofvaluesarebetterthanothersB.theirvaluesaretoosubjectiveC.theirvaluesaretoodifferentfromthosewithinaneducationalcontextD.theeducationalcontextisnotafreemarket问题5选项A.thevaluesaretoonarrow-mindedB.thevaluesarenotspecificenoughC.thevaluesaretooself-servingD.thevaluesarenotstronglyheld20.单选题Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed第2卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，关心。根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符