2023年考研考博考博英语通用考博英语考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语通用考博英语考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.问题2选项A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.问题3选项A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.2.单选题Thepilotmadealast（frantic）distresscallbeforehebailedout.问题1选项A.urgentB.desperateC.routineD.futile3.单选题TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（）destinationisRome.问题1选项A.ultimateB.primeC.nextD.cardinal4.单选题Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored5.单选题Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.D.Ithasdecreased.问题2选项A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.问题3选项A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.6.单选题Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Theycanpredictfutureevents.B.Theyhavenospecialmeanings.C.Theyhaveculturalconnotations.D.Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.问题2选项A.Itwascanceledduetobadweather.B.Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.C.Shedreamedofaplanecrash.D.Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.问题3选项A.Theycanbeaffectedbypeople’schildhoodexperiences.B.Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.C.Theyusuallyresultfrompeople’sunpleasantmemories.D.Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.问题4选项A.Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.B.Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.C.Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.D.Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.7.单选题Whenrequiredbytheirparentstoeatgreenvegetablesmanychildrenonlydoso（reluctantly）.问题1选项A.intimatelyB.impatientlyC.unwillinglyD.unknowingly8.单选题Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Populationexplosion.B.Extinctionofrarespecies.C.Chronichunger.D.Environmentaldeterioration.问题2选项A.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.B.Theycontributetooverpopulation.C.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.D.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.问题3选项A.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.B.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.C.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.D.Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.9.单选题The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.问题1选项A.flightB.travelC.crossingD.journey10.单选题Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Theyhavetolearnhowtoavoidbodycontact.B.Theyneedtokeepmovingtoavoidgettinghurt.C.Theybelieveinteamspiritforgoodperformance.D.Theyarelikelytogetinjuredwhenmovingtoofast.问题2选项A.Theykeepthemselvesbusyevenafterretirement.B.Theydonotstartenjoyinglifeuntilfullretirement.C.Theytendtolivealongerlifewithearlyretirement.D.Theydonothavemanyyearstoliveafterretirement.问题3选项A.Itslowsdownouragingprocess.B.Itpreventsusfromworrying.C.Itenablesustoaccomplishmoreinlife.D.Itprovidesuswithmorechancestolearn.11.单选题Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot（）theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.问题1选项A.subjecttoB.carryonC.yieldtoD.aimat12.单选题Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.B.Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.C.Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.D.Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.问题2选项A.Itwasoriginalindesign.B.Itwasthought-provoking.C.Itwasdefective.D.Itwasmisguided.问题3选项A.Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.B.Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.C.Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.D.Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.13.单选题（）thebriberyallegations,Switzerland’ssportsministerhasannouncedhisowninquiryintohowtheseassociationsarerun.问题1选项A.InthehopeofB.InthewakeofC.InthelightofD.Inthesightof14.单选题Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Similarityininterests.B.Mentalstimulation.C.Openness.D.Compassion.问题2选项A.Thewillingnesstooffertimelyhelp.B.Thejoyfoundineachother’scompany.C.Personalbonds.D.Emotionalfactors.问题3选项A.Failuretokeepapromise.B.Lackoffrankness.C.Feelingsofbetrayal.D.Lossofcontact.15.单选题Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.B.Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.C.Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.D.Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.问题2选项A.Keepdownitsexpenses.B.Improveitscustomerservice.C.Expanditsbusinessscale.D.Upgradethegoodsitsells.问题3选项A.Theyareingreatdemand.B.Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.C.Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.D.Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.问题4选项A.Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.B.Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.C.Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.D.Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshopkeepers.16.单选题Asisknowntoall,（）commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.问题1选项A.counterfeitB.fakeC.imitativeD.fraudulent17.单选题Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.问题1选项A.AsayoungmanB.wouldoftenseeC.inhislatetwentiesD.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoorsE.没有问题18.单选题Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.问题1选项A.fantasticB.frankC.franticD.frenzy19.单选题Thetraditionalbeliefthatbanksdonotlosecustomersoncetheyhavegotthemisnot（

）,thestudysuggests.问题1选项A.well-preparedB.well-meantC.well-foundedD.well-adjusted20.单选题Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.问题1选项A.predictableB.disguisedC.ornamentalD.sophisticated第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B【解析】PassageOne“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于职场中的幽默，这篇短文说了什么？录音提到了职场幽默的例子，其中一个是柯达纽约罗彻斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房间”，该房间里有很多让人减轻压力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，职场的幽默可以让人减轻压力，A选项“它能帮助员工减轻压力”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“它让员工不再无聊”；C选项“它使员工之间的关系更和谐”和D选项“它帮助员工积极地看待事物”在录音中均没有信息提及，所以可排除。10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？录音提到HowardPollio的研究证明了幽默能帮助员工出色地完成日常的工作任务（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D选项“幽默可以帮助员工在日常工作中表现出色”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“周末有助于减轻压力”和B选项“幽默对人际关系极其重要”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“所有的员工均遭受情绪压力”，这并不是HowardPollio的研究结论，因此可排除。11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问柯达的员工在“幽默房间”可以做什么事？录音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，员工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不过拆后得把玩偶的手和脚拼回去。B选项中的reassembleit“重新组装”对应录音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B选项“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新组装”正确。A选项“把玩具砸碎以发泄满腔怨恨”和D选项“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述过于绝对，忽略了“拆后重新组装”这个条件，因此不正确；C选项“设计、安装减轻压力的物件”在录音中没有提及，因此可排除。2.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的”；B选项desperate“绝望的”；C选项routine“常规的”；D选项futile“无效的”。句意：飞行员在跳伞前发出了最后一个绝望的求救信号。划线部分frantic是绝望的意思。因此B选项正确。3.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate“最终的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“接下来的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的；深红色的”。句意：他们打算去伦敦，但是他们最终的目的地是罗马。选项A符合题意。4.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。5.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】PassageTwo[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,flu,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease.Butby2014,thedeathratefromAlzheimer’sdiseaseforthisagegrouphadmorethandoubled—increasingfrom3.8percentto8.5percent—[14]makingtheprogressivebraindiseasethesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.OnereasonfortheriseindeathsfromAlzheimer’sdiseaseinthisgroupmaybethatdevelopingthisconditionremainspossibleevenafterpeoplebeattheoddsofdyingfromotherdiseasessuchascancer.Peoplewhoarephysicallyfitenoughtosurviveover100yearsultimatelygiveintodiseases,suchasAlzheimer’s,whichaffectsthemindandcognitivefunction.Inotherwords,[15]itappearstheirmindsgiveoutbeforetheirbodiesdo.Ontheotherhand,thedeathratefromfludroppedfrom7.4percentin2000to4.1percentin2014.Thatpushedflufromthethirdleadingcauseofdeathtothefifth.Overall,thetotalnumberofcentenariansisgoingup.In2014,therewere72,197centenarians,comparedto50,281in2000.Butbecausethispopulationisgettinglarger,thenumberofdeathsinthisgroupisalsoincreasing—18,434centenariansdiedin2000,whereas25,914diedin2014.13.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheriskofdyingforAmericancentenariansinrecentyears?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于近年来美国百岁老人死亡的风险，说话人说了什么？录音第一句话便讲到，近年来，美国百岁老人的死亡率有所下降。D选项“它有所降低”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它基本上保持不变”；B选项“人们对它有了更好的认识”和C选项“它被夸大了”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutAlzheimer’sdisease?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于阿尔茨海默氏症，说话者说了什么？录音提到，在2000年，百岁老人五大死亡原因其中之一就包括了阿尔茨海默病。到2014年，这种渐进的、慢性的大脑疾病已成为百岁老人的第二大死亡原因。A选项“它现在是百岁老人的第二大死亡原因”与原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“它在不活跃的百岁老人中更容易发生”；C选项“它需要更加深入的研究”和D选项“迄今为止没有有效的治疗方法”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。15.Whatischaracteristicofpeoplewholiveupto100yearsandbeyond?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问活到100岁以上的人有什么特点?录音中提到，身体足够健康、能活到一百岁以上的老人最终也会屈服于像阿尔茨海默氏症这类影响心理和认知功能的疾病，换句话说，这些老人的大脑会比他们的身体更脆弱。B选项中的fail是对录音原文中giveout的同义替换，因此B选项“他们的大脑比他们的身体要先衰退”正确。A选项“他们比以往更珍惜生活”；C选项“他们的生活质量迅速恶化”和D选项“他们更关心身体健康”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。6.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】ConversationTwoM:[5]Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?W:[5]No,Idon’tthinktheydo.M:[5]Idon’teither.Butsomepeopledo.Iwouldsaypeoplewhobelievethatdreamshavespecialmeaningsaresuperstitious,especiallynowadays.Inthepast,duringthetimesofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedtobelievethatdreamscouldforeseethefuture.Buttoday,withallthescientificknowledgethatwehave,Ithinkit’smuchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.W:Mygrandmotherissuperstitious,andshethinksdreamscanpredictthefuture.[6]Onceshedreamedthattheflightshewasduetotakethefollowingdaycrashed.Canyouguesswhatshedid?Shedidn’ttakethatflight.Shedidn’tevenbothertogototheairportthefollowingday.Insteadshetookthesameflight,butaweeklater,andeverythingwasfine,ofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.M:Howfunny!Didyouknowthatflyingisactuallysaferthananyothermodeoftransport?It’sbeenstatisticallyproven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.W:Yes,absolutely.Butevenifwethinkthey’reridiculous,[7]emotionscanbejustaspowerfulasrationalthinking.M:Exactly,peopledoallsortsofcrazythingsbecauseoftheirirrationalfeelings,butinfact,somepsychologistsbelievethatourdreamsaretheresultofouremotionsandmemoriesfromthatday.IthinkitwasSigmundFreudwhosaidthatchildren’sdreamswereusuallysimplerepresentationsoftheirwishes—thingstheywishedwouldhappen.Butinadults,[8]dreamsaremuchmorecomplicatedreflectionsoftheirmoresophisticatedsentiments.W:Isn’titinterestinghowpsychologiststrytounderstandusingthescientificmethodsomethingasbizarreasdreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.5.Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话者对梦的看法。对话开头，男士询问女士是否认为梦具有特殊意义，女士给出否定回答，接着男士说“我也不这么认为”，表明他与女士看法一致，因此B选项“它们没有特殊意义”符合录音原文。A选项“它们能够预测未来发生的事情”，这是古埃及、古希腊和中国古代的人们的看法，并不是说话者的看法，因此不正确；C选项“它们蕴含着文化意义”和D选项“它们很难解释”在录音中均未提及。6.Whydidn’tthewoman’sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士的祖母没有乘坐她预定的航班？录音中女士提及她的祖母相信梦可以预测未来，有一次因为梦见自己第二天要乘坐的飞机坠毁了（theflight...crashed），她就没有坐那趟航班，甚至连机场也没去。C选项“她梦见飞机失事”是录音原文的同义表达，因此正确。A选项“由于天气不好取消了”；B选项“她睡过头，错过了航班”和D选项“推迟到了第二天”在录音中均未提及，因此可排除。7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople’semotions?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问的是女士关于人的情绪的看法。录音中女士提及即使人们有时候很荒唐，但情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考。D选项“它们的影响力不亚于理性思考”是录音原文的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它们会受到人们童年经历的影响”和C选项“它们通常是由人们不愉快的记忆引起的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；B选项“相比于理性思维，它们有时会显得很可笑”，虽然是女士说的，但这是女士对男士的上一句话“人们有时会很不理智”表示赞同，并且着重想强调的还是后半部分：情绪的力量并不亚于理性思考，因此B选项也不选。8.WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults’dreams?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问心理学家弗洛伊德对成人的梦的看法。男士提到，弗洛伊德将儿童的梦与成人的梦进行了对比阐释，认为成人的梦更为复杂，反映了他们复杂的情感。C选项“反映了他们复杂的情感”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“它们需要用科学的方法来阐释”，利用录音中出现的thescientificmethod设置的干扰，这并不是弗洛伊德的看法，所以排除；B选项“反映了他们长期以来的愿望”，这是弗洛伊德对儿童的梦的看法，不是成人的梦，因此排除；D选项“它们通常与非理性情绪相关”，利用录音中的irrationalfeelings设置干扰，这是男士的个人观点，与弗洛伊德的看法无关，因此也不选。7.【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。reluctantly表示“不情愿地”；A项intimately“亲切地”，B项impatiently“不耐烦地”，C项unwillingly“不情愿地”，D项unknowingly“不知不觉地”。句意：当父母要求吃绿色蔬菜时，很多孩子只是不情愿地这么做。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。8.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D【解析】RecordingThreeWhyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?You’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfaceproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.[23]Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan’treadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandabout200to215millionwomendon’thaveaccesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycancontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonlyaproblemindevelopingcountries.[24]Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended.Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems.Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It’snotonlythestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruseslikeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoyorthatprovideyouwithmeat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelightbulbsandtaxicabs,andbuildingsbecausethesearealsopopulations.Itstudiesthesepopulations,inthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsastoolsofanalysis.Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.Itisthemeanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworld,[25]toimprovethewellbeing,notonlyofyourself—importantasthatmaybe—butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecieswithwhomwesharetheplanet.23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者在他的讲话中提到的问题之一是什么？录音中段提到，说话人首先要向听众介绍几个人口问题，这些问题分别是：长期饥饿、贫困、文盲、妇女节育和意外怀孕的问题。四个选项中，只有C选项“长期饥饿”正确。A选项“人口爆炸”；B选项“稀有物种的灭绝”和D选项“环境恶化”录音中均没有信息涉及，因此可排除。24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于怀孕，说话者说了什么？录音中提及，全球意外怀孕的比率将近一半。A选项“其中大约有一半是无意中怀孕的”是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。B选项“造成了人口过剩”；C选项“生育已得到了控制”和D选项“大部分在孕期中都容易流产”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者如何看待人口研究？讲话人在最后表明，他认为人口统计学是经济学的一个中心议题；是在现实世界中更明智、更有效的干预手段；能改善人类的福祉，这不仅关乎我们自身，也关乎我们周围的人，以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种。D选项“这对地球上所有物种的福祉至关重要”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它开始吸引研究生的注意”；B选项“许多发展中国家都忽视了它”和C选项“它正在成为跨学科研究的主题”，录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：flight意为“飞行，航班”；选项B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；选项C：crossing意为“横越，横渡”；选项D：journey“（侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程旅行）行程，路程”。由题意可知，本题的正确选项为D选项。句意：从机场回来的路真的很累人，因为它离城市很远。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B【解析】PassageOneRelatedtothe“useitorloseit”lawisthe“keepmoving”principle.Welearnaboutstagnationfromnature.Ariverthatstopsmovinggetssmelly.Thesamethinghappenstopeoplewhostopmoving,eithermentallyorphysically.[9]Thosewhoplaycontactsportsknowthattheplayerwhousuallygetshurtthemostistheonewhoisstandingstill.Ofcourse,you’llneedsometimetocatchyourbreatheverysooften,buttheessentialmassageiskeepmoving,extendingandlearning.Shipslastalotlongerwhentheygotoseathanwhentheystayintheharbor.Thesameistrueforairplanes.Youdon’tpreserveanairplanebykeepingitontheground.Youpreserveitbykeepingitinservice.Wealsogettolivealonghealthylifebystayinginservice.[10]Longevitystatisticsrevealthattheaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement.Themorewe’llhearisdon’tretire.Ifafellowsays“I’m94yearsoldandIworkedallmylife”,weneedtorealize,thatishowhegottobe94,bystayinginvolved.GeorgeBernardShawwonaNobelPrizewhenhewasnearly70.BenjaminFranklinproducedsomeofhisbestwritingsattheageof84,andPabloPicassoputbrushtocanvasrightthroughhiseighties.Isn’ttheissuehowoldwethinkweare?[11]Abonuswiththe“keepmoving”principleisthatwhilewekeepmoving,wedon’thaveachancetoworry.Hence,weavoidthedreadedparalysisbyanalysis.9.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplayersofcontactsports?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于接触式运动的运动员，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，从事接触式运动的人都知道，受伤最严重的往往是那些站着不动的人。B选项“他们需要保持移动以免受伤”是此处的同义表述，因此B选项正确。录音中提及接触式运动是不可能避免身体接触的，因此A选项“他们必须学会如何避免身体接触”不正确；C选项“他们相信有团队精神才能取得好成绩”在录音中没有提及；录音中强调的是站着不动的人往往受伤最严重，因此D选项“移动速度过快时可能受伤”不正确。10.Whatdolongevitystatisticsrevealabouttheaverageperson?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问寿命统计数据揭示了普通人的什么？录音提到，寿命统计数据显示，一般人退休后活不了多久（theaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement）。因此D选项“他们退休后没有多少年的生活时间”正确。本题的干扰项是A选项，录音中有提到几位名人在很大的年纪也一直忙个不停，但并没有说这是一般人退休后的状态，因此A选项不正确；B选项“他们直到完全退休后才开始享受生活”和C选项“提前退休他们往往寿命更长”在录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。11.Whatbonusdoesthe“keepmoving”principlebringusaccordingtothespeaker?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问“不断前进”的原则能给我们带来什么好处？录音最后部分提到：“不断前进”原则的一个好处是，当我们不断前进时，我们没有机会担忧（wedon’thaveachancetoworry），B选项是此处的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它减缓了我们的衰老过程”和C选项“它使我们能够在生活中取得更多成就”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“它为我们提供了更多的学习机会”主要是achance造成了干扰，录音中说的是achancetoworry，并不是chancestolearn，因此不正确。11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。subjectto“使……遭受，受制于”；carryon“继续，参与”；yieldto“屈服，服从”；aimat“目的在于……”。句意：他的思想负担是，追求真理的哲学家不应该屈服于尝试优雅写作的诱惑。选项C符合题意。12.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】RecordingOneHaveyoueverhadsomeonetrytoexplainsomethingtoyouadozentimeswithnoluck—butthen,whenyouseeapicture,theideafinallyclicks?Ifthatsoundsfamiliar,maybeyoumightconsideryourselfavisuallearner.Or,ifreadingorlisteningdoesthetrick,maybeyoufeellikeyou’reaverballearner.Wecalltheselabelslearningstyles,butistherereallyawaytocategorizedifferenttypesofstudents?Well,itactuallyseemsthatmultiplepresentationformats,especiallyifoneofthemisvisual,helpmostpeoplelearn.[16]Whenpsychologistsandeducatorstestforlearningstyles,they’retryingtofigureoutwhethertheseareinherenttraitsthataffecthowwellstudentslearn,insteadofjustapreference.Usually,theystartbygivingasurveytofigureoutwhatstyleastudentfavors,likevisualorverballearning.Then,theytrytoteachthestudentssomethingwithaspecificpresentationstyle,likeusingvisualaids,anddoafollow-uptesttoseehowmuchtheylearned.Thatway,theresearcherscanseeiftheself-identifiedverballearnersreallylearnedbetterwhentheinformationwasjustspokenaloud,forexample.But,accordingtoa2008review,onlyonestudythatfollowedthisdesignfoundthatstudentsactuallylearnedbestwiththeirpreferredstyle.[17]Butthestudyhadsomebigflaws.Theresearchersexcludedtwothirdsoftheoriginalparticipantsbecausetheydidn’tseemtohaveanyclearlearningstylefromthesurveyatthebeginning,andtheydidn’tevenreporttheactualtestscoresinthefinalpaper.So...itdoesn’treallyseemlikelearningstylesareaninherenttraitthatweallhave.But,thatdoesn’tmeanthatallstudentswilldoamazinglyiftheyjustspendalltheirtimereadingfromatextbook.Instead,mostpeopleseemtolearnbetterifthey’retaughtinseveralways,especiallyifoneisvisual.Inonestudy,researcherstestedwhetherstudentsrememberedlistsofwordsbetteriftheyheardthem,sawthem,orboth.Andeveryoneseemedtodobetteriftheygottoseethewordsinprint,eventheself-identifiedauditorylearners.Theirpreferencedidn’tseemtomatter.Similarstudiestestedwhetherstudentslearnedbasicphysicsandchemistryconceptsbetterbyreadingplaintextorviewingpictures,too.[18]Andeveryonedidbetterwiththehelpofpictures.16.Whydopsychologistsandeducatorsstudylearningstyles?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问为什么心理学家和教育家要研究学习方式？录音提到，当心理学家和教育学家为学习方式做测试时，他们试图弄清楚这些是否是影响学生学习效果的固有特征，因此B选项“看它们是否是影响学习的固有特征”符合录音原文表述。A选项“了解人类大脑的机制”和D选项“找出学生更喜欢学什么”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“对不同类型的学习者进行分类”，利用录音的categorizedifferenttypesofstudents设干扰，录音中只是质疑是否真的有办法把不同类型的学生分类，这并不是心理学家和教育家研究学习方式的原因，因此C选项不正确。17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutonestudymentionedinthe2008review?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者对2008年评论中提到的一项研究有何看法？录音提到，这项研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C选项“它是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“它在设计上是原创的”，利用录音的original设干扰，录音只是提到研究人员排除了三分之二的最初参与者，并未提到设计上的事，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它是发人深省的”和D选项“它被误导了”在录音中没有信息提及。18.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyaboutlearningattheendoftalk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问在谈话的最后，说话者想传达关于学习的什么信息？录音最后提到，类似的研究测试了学生通过阅读纯文本或观看图片是否能更好地学习基本的物理和化学概念，所有人在图片的帮助下都做得更好。由此可知，D选项“视觉上的辅助对所有类型的学习者都有用”符合录音原文表述。A选项“阅读纯文本比看图片更有效”与录音最后提到的实验结果恰好相反，因此错误；B选项“没有视觉辅助，科学概念很难理解”，录音中未提及理解科学概念的难度，因此B选项属于无中生有的错误选项；C选项“听觉辅助和视觉辅助一样重要”，录音提到一项研究测试学生在听、看和听看并用的情况下记单词的效果。结果发现，所有学生在“看”单词时，记单词的效果最好，即使自认为偏好用“听”来学习的学生也是这样。由此可见，“看”应该比“听”效果更好，因此排除C选项。13.【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。inthehopeof“怀着……的希望”；inthewakeof“随着而来，作为……的结果”；inthelightof“鉴于，依据，按照”；inthesightof“在……看来，从……的观点看”。句意：根据受贿指控，瑞士体育部长宣布亲自调查这些协会的运行状况。选项C符合题意。14.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C【解析】RecordingOneQualitiesofarelationshipsuchasopenness,compassion,andmentalstimulation,areofconcerntomostofusregardlessofsex.Butjudgingfromthequestionnaireresponse,they’remoreimportanttowomenthantomen.Askedtoconsidertheingredientsofclosefriendship,womenratedthesequalitiesaboveallothers.[16]Menassignedalowerprioritytotheminfavorofsimilarityininterests,selectedby77%ofmen,andresponsivenessinacrisis,chosenby61%ofmalerespondents.Mentalstimulation,rankedthirdinpopularitybymenaswellaswomen,wastheonlyareaofoverlap.Amongmen,only28%namedopennessasanimportantquality;caringwaspickedbyjust23%.[17]Itisevidentbytheirselectionsthatwhenwomenspeakofclosefriendships,they’rereferringtoemotionalfactors,whilemenemphasizethepleasuretheyfindinafriend’scompany.Thatis,whenamanspeaksof“afriend”,heislikelytobetalkingaboutsomeonehedoesthingswith—ateammate,afellowhobbyist,adrinkingbuddy.Theseactivitiesarethefabricofthefriendship.Itisa“doing”relationshipinwhichsimilarityininterestsisthekeybond.Thisfactorwasaconsiderationoflessthan11%ofwomen.Womenoptforawarmemotionalatmospherewherecommunicationflowsfreely;activityismerebackground.Lastly,men,aswehaveseen,haveseriousquestionsabouteachother’sloyalty.Perhapsthisiswhytheyplacedsuchstrongemphasisonresponsivenessinacrisis—someoneIcancallonforhelp.Women,astheirtestimoniesindicate,aregenerallymoresecurewitheachotherandconsequentlyaremorelikelytotreatthisissuelightly.Infollow-upinterviews,thiswasconfirmednumeroustimesaswomanafterwomanindicatedthatbeingtherewhenneededwastakenforgranted.[18]Asforthehazardsoffriendship,morethanafewrelationshipshavebeenshatteredbecauseofcutthroatcompetitionandfeelingsofbetrayal.Thisappliestobothmenandwomen,butunequally.Incomparison,nearlytwiceasmanymencomplainedabouttheseissuesaswomen.Further,whil