2023年考研考博考博英语西南交通大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南交通大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary2.翻译题TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinesePaintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears----isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butwhatisdepictedisunchanging:thesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting“stops”time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.3.单选题TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced4.单选题Onlyunderspecialcircumstances（）totakemake-uptests.问题1选项A.arefreshmenpermittedB.freshmenarepermittedC.permittedarefreshmenD.arepermittedfreshmen5.单选题Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted6.单选题Withallthisworkonhand,he（）tothecinemalastmight.问题1选项A.mustn’tgoB.wouldn’tgoC.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone7.单选题Theoldbuildingsblendwiththenewonesinperfect（）,soawalkalongZhongshanRoadisanenjoyablediscovery.问题1选项A.harmonyB.orderC.controlD.action8.单选题Ifthereistheneedtocompeteinacrowd,tobattle（）theedgethesureststrategyistodeveloptheunexpected.问题1选项A.onB.forC.againstD.with9.单选题Thepresident's（）remarksinhisspeechmetwithalotofattacksfromothercountries.问题1选项A.offensiveB.impressiveC.permissiveD.expressive10.单选题Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.问题1选项A.assignB.tackleC.realizeD.solve11.单选题Thepresidentmadea（）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh12.单选题Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkhugevolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibe（吸收）over100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert，asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated.Itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Whylightincolorisimportanttolargeanimalsindeserts?3.Whatwillbefataltonon-adaptedanimals?4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?5.WhatisthefollowingstrategyNOTmentionedbytheauthor?问题1选项A.Animalsdevelopeddifferentstrategiestosurvive.B.LargeanimalscantakestrategiestoreducetheeffectofextremeheatC.Animalscantoleratethelossofbodywater.D.Averydehydratedpersoncandrinkenoughwatertorehydrate问题2选项A.Ithelpedthemmaintainaconstantnormalbodytemperature.B.Itreflectsratherthanabsorbsthesun-lightC.IthelpsthemseetheirpeersatnightD.Ithelpsthemkeepcoolduringthenight问题3选项A.KeepinganormalbodytemperatureB.DrinkingpollutedwaterC.DrinkinghugevolumesofwaterinashorttimeD.Feedingwhendehydrated问题4选项A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.B.TheycaneatlargequantitiesquicklyC.TheyeasilylosetheirappetitesD.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.问题5选项A.ThebodytemperaturecanbeextremelyhighandcoldB.ToleratethelossofbodywaterandreplenishitimmediatelyC.LostappetiteundertheconditionofmoderatethirstyD.Tobelightincolor13.单选题Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe（）businessmeninthecompany.问题1选项A.shrewdestB.sternestC.nastiestD.alertest14.单选题Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.问题1选项A.insolvableB.insensibleC.inseparableD.incompatible15.单选题Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnologyinthatthemenwhodeviseditwere（）engineersandphysicists.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.homogenouslyC.instantaneouslyD.simultaneously16.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.1.由于生产这类产品需要大量的设备和高水平的技术，因此我们要寻求实力雄厚的大公司的合作，使样品尽快转化为商品。2.二十世纪向二十一世纪的过渡时期，恰好为美国的教育事业提供了一个重温历史，重新对科学承担义务的机会。3.人们必须十分重视良好的饮食习惯，虽说正确的饮食习惯不能根除世界上的癌症，但它有利于减少患癌症的风险。4.虽然主要是母亲决定了配偶中吸引我们的品质，但却是父亲影响我们如何与异性接触。5.我们现在必须摆脱头脑中的一个观念，即认为唯有在工作中“晋升”才是获得认可和更高收入的方向。17.单选题His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate18.单选题Thewhite（）backedbywhiteofficersandnativetroops,wascompetentandgenerallywelldisposedtowardthewelfareoftheIndianpeasantmasses.问题1选项A.eliteB.eclipseC.elapseD.clastic19.单选题Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto（）itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.问题1选项A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify20.单选题EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehasplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatewhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated“becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.”“Theresultsofourresearch”，Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions."(1)Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.(2)Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialties.(3)Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.’sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat（）.2.Researchhasshownthat（）.3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.（）.4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat（）.5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin（）.

问题1选项A.stepsshouldbetakentogetdropoutsbacktocampus.B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.C.thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.D.thehighdropoutrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers问题2选项A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D’sinfinancialattainment.B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.C.D.studies.C.D.studies.C.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.D.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.问题3选项A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.问题4选项A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.D.Ph.D.’sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.问题5选项A.salaryforPh.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.D.toolowB.academicrequirementtoohighC.salaryfordropoutstoohighD.l,000positions第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】句意:你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机，它是一个可选的附加设备。考查形容词辨析。excessive过多的；过分的；optional可选择的：随意的；additional附加的；额外的：arbitrary武断的；专制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新车上安装这个收音机”可知，B项正确。2.【答案】绘画是静态的。在几天或几年时间里反复看一幅画的经历的独特性在于画的内容在变迁中仍然保持不变。当然，由于历史或个人发展,尽管该图像的意义可能会改变,但描述的内容是不变的:一样的奶瓶中流出的一样的牛奶，海面上完全一样的完整的波浪，不变的微笑和笑脸。人们可能会说，绘画保存了一个瞬间。然而，仔细想想，这显然是不真实的。因为与被拍摄的瞬间不一样，绘画中的瞬间从未存在。因此，不能说一幅画保存了一个瞬间。如果一幅画留住了某个瞬间，那么它就不能保存代替随后瞬间的过去瞬间，就像相片一样。3.【答案】D【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。考查动词辨析。initiate开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate起源；发生；embark着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有介词in，因此D项正确。4.【答案】A【解析】语法题。考查部分倒装。副词only位于句首时，后面部分应用部分倒装结构：助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词/表语。因此A项正确。5.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。6.【答案】D【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。句意：因为手头有这些工作要做，他昨晚不该去看电影的。由句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，故选D项，表示“本不该去看电影”。7.【答案】A【解析】句意:老建筑夹杂在新建筑中间非常和谐，所以沿着中山路散步是一个愉快的探索之旅。考查名词辨析。harmony协调，和谐;order命令，顺序；control控制，管理；action行动，活动。根据关键词“愉快的探索之旅”可知，新老建筑之间是非常和谐的，四个选项中，A项符合句意。8.【答案】B【解析】句意:如果需要在人群中竞争，那么为优势竞争最可靠的策略就是开发出意想不到的东西。on在…上；for为了:against反对；with和。此处句意表示“为优势竞争”，故选B。9.【答案】A【解析】句意:总统在演讲中的攻击性言论遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击。考查形容词辨析。offensive攻击的，冒犯的，令人不适的；impressive令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的；permissive许可的，自由的，放任的；expressive表现的，有表现力的。根据题干关键词“遭到了许多来自其他国家的攻击”可知A符合句意。10.【答案】B【解析】句意:计算机可以编程来处理各种各样的任务。考查动词辨析。assign分配，指定;tackle处理，应对;realize实现，认识到；solve解决，解答。根据题干关键词“编程”以及空格处宾语“各种各样的任务”可知B项符合句意。11.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：vigorous“充满活力的”;选项B:tedious“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”；选项C：flat“单调的，平坦的，不景气的；”;选项D：harsh“严厉的,刺耳的”。由句意可知校长的发言激励了运动员，因此本题选项A更符合题意，正确。句意：校长在运动会的开幕式上发表了充满活力的讲话，极大地鼓舞了运动员。12.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要内容是：为了降低酷热的影响，生活在沙漠中的大型动物已经进化来适应这种环境，如：颜色变浅，调节体温，忍受身体水分丧失等。因此，A项“动物发展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一种适应是让自己颜色变浅，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。由此可知，浅色对沙漠中的大型动物很重要，是因为浅色反射太阳光。故选B项。第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出：Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication（另一方面，一个极度脱水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水来补充所缺水分，因为人的胃不够大，而且体液的迅速稀释会导致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C项“短时间饮大量的水”正确。第4题:判断推理题。A:它们不需要吃很多食物。B:它们可以快速地大量进食。A项与B项在文中并未被提及。C:它们很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated（适应沙漠的哺乳动物还有在极度脱水时正常进食的能力）。因此C项不符合原文所述。D:它们可以长途跋涉寻找食物。第二段指出：Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures（在沙漠中，能够忍受水分流失是一个明显的优势，这样动物不必待在水源附近，而是可以从广阔的牧场获得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的动物能长途跋涉来喂饱自己。因此D项正确。第5题:细节事实题。A:体温可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight（沙漠哺乳动物允许它们的体温上升到一般认为发烧的温度），以及：indeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel（事实上，到黎明时分，气温会降得异常低，骆驼体内的温度会低到34摄氏度）。因此A项有被提及。B:忍受体内水分的流失，并立即补充水分。第二段指出：Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals（大型沙漠动物的另一种策略是忍受体内水分的流失，这种流失对那些还没有适应环境的动物来说是致命的）,以及：Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink（一种同样重要的适应能力是在一次饮水中补充损失的水分）。因此B项有被提及。C:中度口渴的情况下没有食欲。D:颜色变浅。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一种进化是让自己变成浅色，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。因此D项也有被提及。四个选项中，只有C项不是沙漠动物为适应环境形成的进化，故选C。13.【答案】A【解析】句意:尽管他没有接受过正规的教育，但是他是这家公司里最精明的商人之一。考查形容词辨析。选项均为对应形容词的最高级。shrewdest最精明的；最狡猾的；sternest最严厉的;最坚定的；nastiest最讨厌的：最下流的：alertest最警觉的。根据前半句句意可知A项符合句意。14.【答案】D【解析】句意:很明显她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己从来没有嫁给他。考查形容词辨析。insolvable不能解决（答）的;insensible昏迷的，无知觉的；inseparable不可分离的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根据后半句“她希望自己从来没有嫁给他”可知D符合句意。15.【答案】D【解析】句意:激光代表了科学和技术的真正结合，因为发明激光的人同时是工程师和物理学家。考查副词辨析。spontaneously自发地；自然地；homogenously同样地；instantaneously突如其来地；即刻；simultaneously同时地。根据前半句句意可知这里表示“发明激光的人既是工程师，也是物理学家”，故选D。16.【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.17.【答案】A【解析】句意:他模棱两可的指示把我们弄糊涂了；我们不知道该走哪条路。考查形容词辨析。ambiguous引起歧义的；模糊的；complicated难懂的；复杂的；arbitrary任意的；武断的；intricate复杂的；错综的。由后半句句意可知A项正确。18.【答案】A【解析】句意:受白人军官和当地军队支持的白人精英很有能力，而且总体上对印度农民群众的福利很有好感。考查名词及形容词辨析。elite精英；精华；eclipse日蚀；月蚀；黯然失色；elapse流逝；吋间的过去；clastic碎片性的；碎屑状的。由关键词backedbywhiteofficersandnativetroops(受白人官员和本国军队支持的)可知A项正确。19.【答案】C【解析】句意:公司董事会决定扩大经营范围，将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内。考查动词辨析。extend延伸；扩大（尤指时间或空间的延长）；enlarge扩大（主要指面积或体积等的扩大）；expand扩张；发展（指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加）;amplify扩大；增强（常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强，也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。）。根据后面的句意“将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内”可知C项正确。20.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.“一些人认为，可以通过说服辍学者重返研究生院完成博士学位，来减少受过高等教育的专家和大学教师的短缺”由此可知A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”与原文意思相符，为正确选项。第2题:事实细节题。第二段中Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework“博士候选人的辍学率高达31%，在大多数情况下，这些辍学生在没有完成博士学位要求的情况下，都在继续从事生产性工作。”由此可推出D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人没有完成学业获得学位”与原文相符。A选项“辍学者在经济成就方面远远低于博士”与文章最后一句表达意思相反，所以不正确；B选项“在攻读博士学位方面，激励因素是次要的”与原文不符；C项“如果这位博士候选人退出，他很可能改变他的专业领域”在文中并未提及。因此，选项A、B、C均为错误选项，D选项正确。第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第八段中Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretolanguageexams.“近75%的退学学生表示，他们的决定并非出于学术原因，但那些提到学术原因的学生表示，他们没有通过资格考试、没有完成研究以及没有通过语言考试。”由此可推知C选项“是许多博士课程的重要组成部分”与原文意思相符，正确。第4题:判断推理题。本题题干意思是读完这篇文章后，人们不会得出这样的结论……文章最后一段中Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.“至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性，前景不容乐观。”A选项“让博士辍学生重新回到他们对学位的追求中，乐观主义占据了主导地位”与原文意思相反，因此选项A为正确选项。第5题:判断推理题。由倒数第二段中Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D’stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.“这也可能表明了这样一个事实，即博士往往能拿到最高薪水的学术领域的高薪仍落后于其他领域。”由此可以推出，博士的薪资并不高，因此A选项“博士的薪水太低”与原文相符。选项B、C都属于过度推断，选项D文章并未提及。由此可知，选项A为正确选项。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.问题1选项A.swallowB.disposeC.consumeD.exhaust2.翻译题1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。3.单选题Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.问题1选项A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjectsB.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomenaC.thestudyofunrelatedfieldsD.classifiedknowledge问题2选项A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”resultsB.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacellC.isnotalwaysaspureaswesupposeD.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell问题3选项A.appliedscienceB.agriculturescienceC.purescienceD.environmentalscience问题4选项A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.问题5选项A.TheNatureofScienceandScientistsB.BiologyandtheScientificAgeC.HypothesesandTheoriesD.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction4.单选题Thechildren’s（）natureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.问题1选项A.mercurialB.blitheC.introvertedD.artless5.单选题Ascientificlawisliableatanytimetoneed（）,thatisaneternaltruth.问题1选项A.modifyingB.changingC.revisingD.adjusting6.单选题Herlecturecoveredawide（）oftopics,rangingfromtheheatedcontroversytoacademicreflection.问题1选项A.extentB.rangeC.collectionD.number7.单选题Thedetectivestorymightnotbe（）interestingtokeepthechildawake.问题1选项A.enoughB.adequatelyC.amplyD.sufficiently8.单选题（）he’salreadyheardthenews.问题1选项A.ChancesareB.ChanceisC.OpportunitiesareD.Opportunityis9.单选题Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.问题1选项A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual10.单选题CharlesWeiss,programmedirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C,wasthebank'sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.Hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank'spresidentandpartlybecausethebankisnowkeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8,000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank'sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm----knownasoperations----whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkinoperations.Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.SomeOperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank'sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthebank'sresearchprofileliesin（）.4.Theword“infrastructure”（Paragraph5）mostprobablyrefersto（）.5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“（）”.问题1选项A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.B.Thebank'sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss'spromotionC.ThebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscienceD.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.问题2选项A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperationsB.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries.C.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivityD.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient问题3选项A.lackofinvestmentinscienceB.