2023年考研考博考博英语西南科技大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南科技大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.问题1选项A.musthavegoneB.shouldhavegoneC.oughttohavegoneD.couldhavegone2.单选题Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.问题1选项A.alargeenoughcoatB.anenoughlargecoatC.alargecoatenoughD.acoatenoughlarge3.单选题OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.问题1选项A.insectsB.humanC.inhabitantsD.flights4.单选题Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.问题1选项A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.问题2选项A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.问题3选项A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not2BD.Re-B,pl2问题4选项A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.问题5选项A.FixedB.GrantedC.SupposedD.Presented5.单选题Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,（）byhisguide,wouldfindhiswaythroughthejungle.问题1选项A.havingbeendesertedB.havingdesertedC.tohavebeendesertedD.tobedeserted6.翻译题TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew£3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.7.单选题Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.问题1选项A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif8.单选题Untilthen,hisfamily（）fromhimforsixyears.问题1选项A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hadn’theardD.hasn’theard9.单选题Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.问题1选项A.propelledB.pickedC.postponedD.presided10.翻译题TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.

Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana.Thatistheclaimofpsychologistswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingthemforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuana,accordingtoBritishresearchers,whohavelabeledthetemporaryphenomenonofincreasedstupidityas“infomania”.ResearchonsleepdeprivationsuggeststhattheIQdropcausedbyelectronicobsessionisequaltoawakefulnight.ThenoticeabledropinIQisattributedtotheconstantdistractionof“alwayson”technologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.Infomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhand.11.单选题Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.问题1选项A.dischargedB.releasedC.issuedD.published12.单选题Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever（）me.问题1选项A.approvestoB.attractstoC.appallstoD.appealsto13.单选题Jimhadto（）allhisskill（）todefeathistennisopponent.问题1选项A.call…intoplayB.call...tomindC.call…toattentionD.call...intoaction14.单选题Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.问题1选项A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing15.单选题Inordertosurvivenowand（）inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.问题1选项A.maximizeB.thriveC.erectD.recruit16.单选题Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.问题1选项A.successionB.descendantsC.descentD.successors17.单选题Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.问题1选项A.wasnotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay18.单选题Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.问题1选项A.inB.afterC.onD.by19.翻译题TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.20.单选题They（）outbecausethelightison.问题1选项A.mustn’thavegoneB.maynothavegoneC.cannothavegoneD.needn’thavegone第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项musthavegone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项shouldhavegone和C选项oughttohavegone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项couldhavegone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。2.【答案】A【解析】考查副词用法。句意：enough修饰名词时放名词前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修饰形容词或副词时放形容词或副词后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本题的正确答案是A选项。句意：我找不到足够大的大衣，所以我拿了这一件。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insect“昆虫，卑鄙的人”；B选项human“人，人类”；C选项inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D选项flight“飞行，班机”。句意：在去北京的途中，我们参观了有200万人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了两天。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：这篇文章的主旨是？这文章全文是关于“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何选择既安全又简单易记的密码。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，所以选项D“如何选择一个安全方便的密码”正确。A选项“如何通过密码加强安全性”，是文章第五段的主要内容。B选项“如何选择一个容易记住的密码”，是文章第六段的主要内容。C选项“如何防止你的密码被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：为什么我们不能用一个在任何字典里都能找到的词作为密码呢?由题干定位到第四段第三、四、五句话Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.（最后，不要使用任何词典中都能找到的词，即使是外语词典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含单词，地名，和来自所有的语言的专有名称。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码，比如它们是倒写、大写还是组合。），所以本题B选项“因为计算机程序可以破解它”，符合题意。A选项“因为电脑黑客很容易记住它”，是因为容易被破解所以不能用，并没有提到是否容易记忆，A选项排除。C选项“因为电脑黑客会下定决心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客会下决心破解，所以C选项不符合题意。D选项“因为单词表是如此之大以至于单词不容易记住”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.推理判断题。如果你正在为你的电脑选择一个密码，以下哪个是最好的选择?根据第四段第一句话Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.（另外，如果可能的话，不要使用完全由字母或数字组成的密码。），可排除A和B选项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.（无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。），而C选项正是文章所给的例子，所以排除。所以只有D选项，有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。4.推理判断题。题干：如何选择既安全又容易记忆的密码呢？根据文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter（还有建议就是使用两个简短的单词，并用标点符号将它们连接起来），可知D选项“用两个简短的单词连上一个标点符号”，符合题意。根据文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.（有人建议你用最喜欢的书或电影的标题，或一首歌曲或一首诗的台词，把每个单词的首字母作为你的密码，加上大写字母、标点符号或其他字符。），可知，A选项“选你最喜欢的书或电影的名字”和B选项“从你最喜欢的歌或诗中选取一句”，都不全面，选择书或者电影名字会容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正确。C选项“编了一个在任何字典里都找不到的无意义的词”，随便编出来的没有意义的词会很容易忘记，所以C选项排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.推理判断题。题干：第二段的“Given”，可以由单词________替代。由题干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?（据估计，在10年内，消费者可能要处理100多个密码！考虑到密码的流行，你如何选择一个足够复杂的安全而又足够简单的记忆密码呢?），A选项“确定，固定”，B选项“授予，允许”，C选项“假定，设想”，D选项“提出，提供”。文章是对10年后情况的推测，所以应该选择C选项符合题意。5.【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项havingdesert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项tohavebeendeserted和D选项tobedeserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项havingbeendeserted相当于whohadbeendeserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。6.【答案】能源部长查尔斯•亨得利上周宣布，将钚转化为MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在计划中，但是只有在能负担得起和有收益的情况下，才会建造一项新的30亿英磅（47亿美元）的工厂。尽管乍一看，这在财政上似乎是谨慎的，但与最近发生的其他事件相结合，就开始显得荒谬了。就在几周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回应了政府自己提出的考虑如何处理库存的请求，建议制造MOX的成本大于其作为燃料的价值。因此，最经济实惠的计划将是继续储存钚，直到有地质处理设施可以将其埋在地下为止。那么到底发生了什么？为了弄清这一切，《自然》透过英国核工业的镜子审视了这一切。7.【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。8.【答案】C【解析】考查时态。题干中有关键的时间状语untilthen以及forsixmonths提示谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时，表示过去已经发生的事情。句意：直到那时，他家里已经六个月没收到他的来信了。A选项didn'’hear,一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,不能与时间状语forsixmonths，A选项排除，连用.B)hasn’tbeenhearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C选项hasn’theard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。9.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propel“推进，驱使”，B选项pick“挑选，采摘”，pickover“择优，分档挑选”；C选项postpone“延迟，缓办”；D选项preside“主持”，presideover“主持，负责”。句意：会议由市长主持，讨论城市税收增加问题。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。10.【答案】经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的IQ，其损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。心理学家发现人们在使用手机或电脑键盘打字或者用它们查询电子信息时，智力会暂时降低10个百分点。英国研究人员称，与吸食大麻相比，电子信息对智力的不利影响大的多。人在吸食大麻时智商会降低4个百分点。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作时，“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态，因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharge“准许（某人）离开，释放，排出”；B选项release“释放，发泄，免除”；C选项issue“发行，发布”；D选项publish“出版，发表，公布”。句意：政府颁布条例来保护这个考古遗址。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项approveto“批准，赞成”，B选项attract“吸引”，一般没有“attractto”这样的用法，可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.，C选项appall“使胆寒，使大吃一惊”，一般不和介词to搭配；D选项appealsto“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度过余生的想法从来没有吸引过我。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。13.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项，没有callsth.intoplay的搭配，B选项callsthtomind“想起，记起”；C选项，没有callsth.toattention的搭配，callattentiontosth.“提醒，唤起注意”D选项callsth.intoaction“将某事付诸行动”。句意：吉姆不得不使出浑身解数来击败他的网球对手。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。14.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refresh“振作，恢复活力”；B选项restore“恢复，修复”，强调恢复原貌；C选项renovate“更新，修复”，强调整修一新；D选项renew“使更新，使修复”。句意：为了使大教堂恢复昔日的辉煌，进行了大量的工作。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。15.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项maximize“最大化，极大”；B选项thrive“繁荣，兴旺，茁壮成长”；C选项erect“竖立，建造，创立”；D选项recruit“征募，聘用”。句意：为了现在的生存和未来的繁荣，所有的员工必须不断地为企业的各个方面创造新的想法。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。16.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“继任，继承”；B选项descendant“后代，晚辈”；C选项descent“下降，血统，袭击”；D选项successor“继承人”。根据individual可知，空格处应填入某一或某类人物，故A、C选项不符合题意，排除。successor一般是说某个家庭的继承人，而descendant泛指人类的子孙后代，所以本题选B更加贴切。句意：总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。17.【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在itis+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虚拟语气。句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机。所以本题选择C选项正确。18.【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项intheway“挡道，碍事，妨碍某人”；B选项aftertheway英语里没有这样的短语。C选项ontheway“在途中，在路上，从某种程度上来说”；D选项bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下”，句意：他以为他在帮我们准备晚餐，其实根本不是这么回事。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。19.【答案】在美国，房屋随着社会习俗的改变而改变。起初，美国的房屋仿效早期移民从欧洲带来的模式。但由于木材是最容易获得的材料，木板墙和木瓦屋顶大量取代了砖块和瓦。最近，不同的地区发展出了适合当地条件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌乱的低矮房子有着散开的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，随着美国人的生活方式越来越不同于欧洲人，住宅的规划也开始改变。住宅不那么正式，房间相互融合，为一般家庭生活提供了更多的空间，特殊用途的空间也变少了。20.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词辨析。表示推测时，肯定形式用must，否定形式用can’t一般表示对事实有根据的否定推测。如：Hecan’tbeinthehouse；hewentouthalfanhourago．（他不可能在家，半小时前他就出去了。）can后接动词的完成时态表示某人可能已经做了某事或某事已发生，或者由虚拟语气延伸而表示“能而未”。如：Wherecanhehavegone?（他能去哪儿了呢？）Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety，buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies．（许多妇女都能在社会上找到很好的工作，但她们宁愿呆在家里，照顾家人。），A选项mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”；mustnot表示禁止，语气强硬，一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态，B选项maynothavegone“可能没出去”；C选项cannothavegone“不可能出去”；D选项needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意：灯还开着，他们_____。由“灯还开着”可以推断出，他们不可能出去了，一定还在家，所以本题的正确答案是C选项。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.问题1选项A.ThatmathematicsB.WhatmathematicsC.WheremathematicsD.Mathematics2.单选题Thescentofherperfume（）onintheclassroom.问题1选项A.continuedB.lingeredC.coveredD.existed3.单选题Thissortofrudebehaviorinpublichardly（）apersoninyourposition.问题1选项A.becomesB.fitsC.supportsD.improves4.翻译题TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Manybelievethatscienceismerelyacollectionoffacts,thatitdevelopsbythegatheringofthesefactsandslowlyapproachesthetruthaboutnature.Accordingtothisview,theso-calledscientificmethodisthebasisforscientificdevelopment.Thescientificmethodissaidtohavethreesteps.Thefirststepisthatofcarefulobservation—ofteninvolveslookingforrelationshipsamongdifferentkindsofevents.Ifaspecificrelationshipseemstobetrueinanumberofcases,withoutanyexceptions,thenitmaybehypothesizedthattherelationshipholdsingeneral.Thesecondstepofthescientificmethodmaybetheformulationofsuchageneralhypothesis.Oritmaybeanattempttoexplainphenomenabytheorizingtheexistenceofadeeperreality.Thethirdstep,thetestingofthetheory,mayinvolvefurtherexperimentaltestingofhypothesizedrelationships.Oritmaybeexperimentalverificationofnewphenomenapredictedbyanewtheory.5.单选题Laboratorytestsgaveconclusive（）thatthemeatpresentsnorisktohumanhealth.问题1选项A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact6.单选题Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?问题1选项A.incompetentfortheirworkB.ashamedoftheirworkC.unwillingtodotheirworkD.irresponsiblefortheirwork问题2选项A.Britons’averagewageisthelowestinEuropeB.BritonsrelyheavilyongovernmentwelfaresC.BritonspreferleisuretoworkD.Britonsarenotenthusiasticinwork问题3选项A.weakworkethicB.insufficientworkskillsC.lazylifestyleD.defectivewelfaresystem问题4选项A.AmericansareprobablylessinterestedintheirworkthanBritons.B.NorwegiansexceedBritonsinprofessionaleducation.C.PeopleinNordiccountriesaremorecommittedtotheirworkthanGermans.D.Thewelfareof“encompassing”statesmightbebetterthanthatof“corporatist”states.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?问题5选项A.AttitudetoWork:DiligentorIdle?B.AttitudetoWork:Can’torWon’t?C.WelfareSystem:StimulatororInhibitor?D.WelfareSystem:MoreGenerousorMoreReasonable?7.单选题Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious8.单选题Look,weareinsuchanawfulsituation.I’dratheryou（）thedatafromtheInternetyesterday.问题1选项A.hadn’tdownloadedB.didn’tdownloadC.weren’tdownloadingD.haven’tdownloaded9.单选题Traditionally,localmidwiveswould（）allthebabiesinthearea.问题1选项A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help10.单选题Adrunkmanwalkedin,（）bothinappearanceandodor.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed11.单选题Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.问题1选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination12.单选题They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.问题1选项A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition13.单选题Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated14.单选题Thebook（）wasnotintheschoollibrary.问题1选项A.towhichtheprofessorreferredusB.towhichtheprofessorreferredtousC.whichtheprofessorreferredusD.whichtheprofessorreferredtous15.单选题Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.问题1选项A.refreshedB.beingrefreshedC.havingrefreshedD.havingbeenrefreshed16.写作题WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.17.单选题Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshort-termcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialsystemvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.2.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket（）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?4.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlementoshow（）.5.Accordingtothispassage,（）.问题1选项A.thedefinitionofmoneymarketB.theconstitutionofamoneymarketC.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarketD.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket问题2选项A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomersB.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfundsC.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservicesD.ismadeupofinstitutionswhichspecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions问题3选项A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.问题4选项A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountriesB.dealersareneededindoingbusinessC.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.问题5选项A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomersB.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachotherC.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmomen