2023年考研考博考博英语西南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Asateenager.Iwas（

）byablindpassionforafilmstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.问题1选项A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed2.单选题Recentsuccesseshave（

）thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.问题1选项A.distinguishedB.revisedC.obscuredD.dissected3.单选题Thetruckdriverwasfinedforexceedingthespeed（

）.问题1选项A.rangeB.limitC.ruleD.regulation4.翻译题ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.5.单选题Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendary,butnotontheissueoffreetrade.Arecentsurveyofprominenteconomists—bothconservativeandliberal—concludedthat“aneconomistwhoarguesforrestrictinginternationaltradeisalmostascommontodayasaphysicianwhofavorsleeching.”Whytheconsensus?Internationalfreetrade,economistsagree,makespossiblehigherstandardsoflivingallovertheglobe.Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntary,bothpartnersbenefit;otherwisetheywouldn'ttrade.Thebuyerofashirt,forexample,valuestheshirtmorethanthemoneyspent,whilethesellervaluesthemoneymore.Botharebetteroffbecauseofthesale.Moreover,itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheshirtsalesmanisfromtheUnitedStatesorHongKong(oranywhereelse).ThevastmajorityofAmericanmanufacturesfaceinternationalcompetition.Thiscompetitionforcescompaniestoimprovequalityandcutcosts.Bycontrast,protectionismencouragesmonopoly,lowerqualityandhigher,prices.Americanspayanenormouspriceforprotectionism—over$60billionayearor$1000forafamilyoffour.Thankstoprotectionism,forexample,Americanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar.Freetradealsomakestheworldeconomymoreefficient,byallowingnationtocapitalizeontheirstrengths.TheUnitedStateshasanadvantageinfoodproduction,forinstance,whileSaudiArabiahasanadvantageinoil.TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfood,butitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus.Similarly,wecouldbecomeself-sufficientinpetroleumbysqueezingmoreoutofoilshale.ButitismuchlesscostlytobuysomeofouroilfromSaudiArabia.Tradebetweenourtwocountriesimprovesthestandardoflivinginboth.Protectionismisbothwastefulandunjust.Ittaxesmostheavilythepeoplewhocanleastaffordit.Thus,tariffsthatraisethepriceofshoesburdenthepoormorethantherich.Despitethepowerfulcaseforfreetrade,theUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworldhavealwaysbeenprotectioniststosomedegree.Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublic,whileprotectionismbenefitsspecial-interestgroups,whicharebetterorganized,betterfinancedandmoreinformed.Tomakemattersworse,muchofwhatwehearonthisissueismisinformationspreadbythespecialintereststhemselves.1.Theeconomists（

）.2.Thetwopartnersinafreetrade（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardprotectionismdenotedfromthe3rdparagraph?4.Whyhasprotectionismalwaysbeenexercisedevenifitiswastefulandunjust?5.Accordingtothefreetradeprinciple,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.问题1选项A.disagreewhethertorestrictfreetradeornotB.agreeonfreetradeC.agreeontherestrictionofinternaltradeD.holddifferentargumentsbecauseoftheirdifferentinterests.问题2选项A.donotcareatallB.carefordifferentthingsC.careforthethingsbeingtradedD.careforthesamethings问题3选项A.SincereB.AppreciativeC.GratefulD.Ironic问题4选项A.Ithelpstoestablishnationalindustryofone’sownB.ItcanachieveanindependenteconomyC.ItisfavoredbygeneralpublicD.Itbenefitssomeprivilegedfew.问题5选项A.U.S.exploreitsoilshaleB.SaudiArabiabuilditsownindustryC.SaudiArabiaimportfoodfromtheU.S.D.U.S.becomemoreself-sufficientinfood.6.单选题Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps（

）aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.问题1选项A.coachB.forsakeC.fosterD.censor7.单选题Morethan85percentofFrenchCanada'spopulationspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand（

）totheRomanCatholicfaith.问题1选项A.catersB.adheresC.ascribesD.subscribes8.单选题Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.问题1选项A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realize9.单选题Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.问题1选项A.sufferedB.afflictedC.inducedD.infected10.单选题Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（

）ofeachotherIthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently11.单选题Itisinvaintosaytheenlightenedstatesmenwillbeabletoadjusttheseclashinginterest,and（

）themallsubservienttothepublicgood.问题1选项A.conformB.causeC.tameD.render12.单选题Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.问题1选项A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback13.单选题Doingresearchwillbemucheasierifyouhavesomeonetobounceideasoffandtogiveyou（

）intheentireprocess.问题1选项A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback14.翻译题TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Oneadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidwordisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincomeandwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturaltoapply.Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprovide.Howeverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmen,orthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages,hasnomeansofbetteringherself,andisvaluedbyherhusbandnotforherhouseworkbutforotherqualities.Ofcourse,thisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirneighbors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfew,andforthegreatmajorityhouseworkcannotbringasmuchassatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.15.单选题Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.问题1选项A.subtleB.eternalC.inherentD.intrinsic16.单选题Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reclaimC.refrainD.reckon17.单选题Apersonwhostudies（

）learnshowtoexpressnumbersapproximatelyandhowtocalculateratiosandaverages.问题1选项A.staticB.statisticC.statisticsD.status18.翻译题ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclassesfiction,biography,poetry―weshouldseparatethemandlakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,whatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinesse,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,and,quaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.19.单选题Sherefusedtolettheinjurykeepherfrom（

）hergoalofbeingintheOlympics.问题1选项A.detainingB.attainingC.screwingD.sifting20.单选题Anobviouschangeofattitudeatthetoptowardswomen’sstatusinsocietywill（

）throughthecurrentlawsysteminJapan.问题1选项A.permeateB.probeC.violateD.grope第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。pursue“从事”；seduce“诱惑”；consume“消费”；guarantee“保证，担保”。句意：作为青少年，我曾对生活中见不到的电影明星产生盲目的热情。选项B符合题意。2.【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。distinguish“区分”；revise“修改”；obscure“掩盖，隐藏”；dissect“仔细分析”。句意：最近的成功掩盖了公司还处在麻烦中的事实。选项C符合题意。3.【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。range“范围”；limit“限制界限”；rule“规定，规则”；regulation意为“规定，规则”。句意：卡车司机由于超速而被罚了款。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】年轻人从头做起，担任基层职位，这是件好事。匹兹堡很多有名望的商人在创业之初都身负重任。他们拿过扫把，最初都是清扫办公室。我注意到我们办公室清洁工人，这使得我们的年轻人不幸失去了一个受良好商业教训的机会。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清洁工人没有来，某位用于未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫把。如果有必要，新来的员工在办公室打扫并没有什么损失。我就一度自己打扫过。5.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.考察细节事实问题。文章第一段第一句Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendary,butnotontheissueoffreetrade提到经济学家之间的不一致有很多，但是在自由贸易上却一致。选项B符合题意。2.考察推理判断问题。文章第三段第一句Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntary,bothpartnersbenefit;otherwisetheywouldn'ttrade提到自由贸易双方关注的问题是“获利”，因此二者关心的是同一问题。选项D符合题意。3.考察观点态度问题。文章第三段提到国际自由贸易导致竞争，而竞争会促使产品质量的提升。而贸易保护主义会导致垄断，比如美国。该段最后一句提到由于美国施行贸易保护主义，使得美国居民要花两倍的价钱来买糖（Thankstoprotectionism,forexample,Americanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar）。本意是保护本国贸易，却导致居民消费成本大幅度增加，因此可以看出作者是带有讽刺口吻在述说这件事。选项D符合题意。4.考察细节事实问题。文章倒数第一段倒数第二句Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublic,whileprotectionismbenefitsspecial-interestgroups,whicharebetterorganized,betterfinancedandmoreinformed提到自由贸易受益的是普通大众，而贸易保护主义受益的是一些特殊集团。选项D符合题意。5.考察推理判断问题。文章第四段第二句TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfood,butitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus提到沙特阿拉伯如果想要食物自给自足的话需要大量的灌溉，而向美国购买粮食则经济很多，因此选项C符合题意。6.【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。foster“培养，促进”；coach“训练，指导”；forsake意为“遗弃，抛弃”;censor意为“审查，检查”。句意：最重要的是，这样的经历能促使人们对其他文化的感受性，并使他们更欣赏自己的文化。选项C符合题意。7.【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。cater“迎合；提供饮食及服务”；adhere“追随，坚持，粘附”；ascribe“把...归因于”;subscribes“订阅，签署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语作为自己的母语，并且信仰天主教。选项B符合题意。8.【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。exemplify“例证”；create“创造”；perform“执行；表演”；realize“实现；认识到”。句意：作为作曲家，下面例举的几首曲子可以证明他的独创性。选项A符合题意。9.【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“诱导”；infect“感染”。句意：这为可怜的老人患有糖尿病，如果没有适当的治疗，他就会丧失视力，很快就会残废。选项B符合题意。10.【答案】D【解析】考察副词词义辨析。indistinctly“不清楚地，模糊地”；separately“分开地，与from”；irrelevantly“不恰当地，不相关地”;independently“独立地，分开地”。句意：语言、文化、性格彼此都是独立的，实际上他们之间密不可分。选项D符合题意。11.【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。conform“符合，遵照”；cause“导致”；tame“驯服”；render“提供，呈交”。句意：开明的政治家将能调整这些相互冲突的利益，并且使他们都服从于公共利益，这些靠说都是无用的。选项D符合题意。12.【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬”；insurance“津贴”；interest“兴趣；利息；利益”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果有人能够给你出主意，并给你反馈，那么研究起来就容易多了。选项D符合题意。13.【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward“报酬，奖金”；insurance“保险”；interest“兴趣”；feedback“反馈”。句意：如果你有个人可以拿出主意并且整个过程都给你反馈意见，那么，做研究要容易很多。选项D符合题意。14.【答案】多数有报酬的工作和少数没报酬的工作有一个优势，那就是它们提供了成功的机会和实现抱负的可能。收入是大多数工作好坏的一个判断标准，当我们这个资本主义社会继续存在时，这是不可避免的。只有在工作最好的情况下，收入才不会被当作理所应当的标准。人们想增加收入是出自于钱多了可以获得更多舒适享受这一愿望，但同样也是出于想取得成功这一欲望。无论工作有多无聊，只要它能让人获得更多的声望，无论是在大范围的世界出名还是在自己的小圈子有名气，都是可以忍受的。在这方面来说，那些家庭主妇没有在外的男人或者在外工作的女人幸运。这些家庭主妇没有收入，无法改善自己的情况。丈夫欣赏的不是她干的家务活，而是其他品质。当然，对那些有足够的钱把住宅和花园都搞得十分漂亮并且成为邻居们羡慕的对象的女人来说，情况不一样。但是这样的女人很少。对于大多数妇女，家务带给她们的满足远不如其他工作带给男子或职业妇女的满足。15.【答案】D【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。subtle“微妙的”；eternal“永恒的”；inherent“固有的”；intrinsic“本质的，固有的”。句意：钻石的内在的价值很少，它的价格几乎完全取决于它的稀少。选项D符合题意。16.【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“节制，克制，避免”；reckon“认为，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你错在哪里，你就应该尽快改正。选项A符合题意。17.【答案】C【解析】考察形近词词义辨析。Static“静止的，静态的”；statistic“数据，数字”；statistics“统计学”；status“地位，身份”。句意：统计学专业学生主要学习如何大概地表示数据，如何计算比例和平均值。选项C符合题意。18.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。19.【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。detain“拘留；耽搁”；attain“达到，实现”；screw“转动，拧”；sift“筛选”。句意：她不会让受伤阻止她实现参加奥运会的目标。选项B符合题意。20.【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。permeate“渗透”；probe“探索”；violate“违反”；grope“摸索，探索”。句意：上层社会对女性在社会中地位的态度发生了明显的变化，这种变化对日本现行的法律体系产生了影响。选项A符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna.So,indeed,manyofthemhave,compensatingforthelackofeyeswithmarvelouslydevelopedfeelersandlong,slenderfinsandprocesseswithwhichtheygropetheirway,likesomanyblindmenwithcanes,theirwholeknowledgeoffriends,enemies,orfoodcomingtothemthroughthesenseoftouch.Thelasttracesofplantlifeareleftbehindinthethinupperlayerofwaterfornoplantcanlivebelowabout600feeteveninveryclearwater,andfewfindenoughsunlightfortheirfood-manufacturingactivitiesbelow200feet.Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother,yetthewholecommunityisultimatelydependentupontheslowrainofdescendingfoodparticlesfromabove.Thecomponentsofthisnever-endingrainarethedeadanddyingplantsandanimalsfromthesurface,orfromoneoftheintermediatelayers.Foreachofthehorizontalzonesorcommunitiesoftheseathatliebetweenthesurfaceandtheseabottom,thefoodsupplyisdifferentandingeneralpoorerthanforthelayerabovehavebeenrecordedforcomparisonwithsoundsheardatsea,andinmanycasessatisfactoryidentificationcanbemade.DuringtheSecondWorldWarthehydrophonenetworksetupbytheUnitedStatesNavytoprotecttheentrancetoChesapeakeBaywastemporarilymadeuselesswhen,inthespringof1942，thespeakersatthesurfacebegantogiveforth,everyevening,asounddescribedasbeinglike“apneumaticdrilltearinguppavement”.Theextraneousnoisesthatcameoverthehydrophonescompletelymaskedthesoundsofthepassageofships.Eventuallyitwasdiscoveredthatthesoundswerethevoicesoffishknownascroakers,whichinthespringmoveintoChesapeakeBayfromtheoffshorewinteringgrounds.Assoonasthenoisehadbeenidentifiedandanalyzed,itwaspossibletoscreenitoutwithanelectricfilter,sothatoncemoreonlythesoundsofshipscamethroughthespeakers.1.Manyunderwateranimalscannotseebecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTauseforahydrophone?3.Animalsthatlivenearthebottomoftheseaaremostlikelytobecarnivorousbecause（

）.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestateofoceanographicresearchdoesthetextmostclearlysupport?5.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthetextisto（

）.问题1选项A.thelackoflighthasgraduallyeliminatedtheircapacitytoseeB.theyusesoundwavesinsteadoflighttonavigateinthedarkness.C.TheyhavelearnedtosurvivewithoutseeingtheirenemiesortheirpreyD.Theirsenseoftouchhaseliminatedtheirneedtosee.问题2选项A.Tolistentothesoundofunderseafauna.B.Tosearchforunknownspeciesoffishandothercreatures.C.Tomonitorthepassingofsurfacevessels.D.Todetectsubmergedsubmarines.问题3选项A.theyhavedevelopedsharpteethandstrongjawswithwhichtokilltheirpreyB.plantsthatgrowfarbelowthesurfacearenotedibleC.animalscannotmaketheirownfood,sotheyeateachotherD.mostsurfacevegetationiseatenbeforeitsinkstothebottomofthesea问题4选项A.Undersearesearchisstillincomplete.B.Technologyusedinunderseastudiesisstillinaveryprimitivestageofdevelopment.C.Moreundersearesearchisconductednearshorethaninmid-ocean.D.Militaryresearchershavemadeseveralmomentousdiscoveriesaboutundersealife.问题5选项A.showthattheUnitedStatescoastwasthreatenedbytheenemyinWorldWarIIB.explainsomeofthecomplexitiesofdeepsealifeC.illustratethemainproblemsfacedbyundersearesearchersD.gainpublicsupportforoceanographicexpeditions2.单选题Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.问题1选项A.attractedB.retractedC.distractedD.protracted3.单选题Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?问题1选项A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.B.identifyaproblem.C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.D.stipulatecleargoals.问题2选项A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.问题3选项A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.问题4选项A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.问题5选项A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.4.单选题Oneofthepleasantestthingsintheworldisgoingonajourney:butIliketodoitmyselfcanenjoysocietyinaroom,butoutofdoors,natureiscompanyforme.Iamthenneverlessalonethanwhenalone.Icannotseethewitofwalkingandtalkingatthesametime.WhenIaminthecountry,Iwishtovegetatelikethecountry.Ilikesolitude,whenIgivemyselfuptoit,forthesakeofsolitude;nordoIaskfor"afriendinmyretreat,whomImaywhispersweet.""Givemetheclearblueskyovermyhead,andthegreenturfbeneathmyfeet,awindingroadbeforeme,andathreehours’marchtodinnerandIbegintofeel,think,andbemyselfagain.Insteadofanawkwardsilence,brokenbyattemptsatwitordullcommonplaces,mineisthatundisturbedsilenceoftheheartwhichaloneisperfecteloquence.Othershavedifferentopinions."Letmehaveacompanionofmyself:saysthenovelistLawrenceSterne,"wereitbuttoremarkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundeclines"Itisbeautifullysaid:butinmyopinion,thiscontinualcomparingofnotesinterfereswiththeinvoluntaryimpressionofthingsuponthemindanddilutestheexperience.Ifyouhavetoexplainwhatyoufeel,itismakingatoolofapleasure.Youcannotreadthebookofnaturewithoutbeingperpetuallyputtothetroubleoftranslatingitforthebenefitofothers.Thereisonesubjectonwhichitispleasanttotalkonajourney.Igrant,andthatis.Whatoneshallhaveforsupperwhenwegettoourinnatnight.Everymileoftheroadheightenstheflavorofthemealweexpectattheendofit.Howfineisittoentersomeoldtown,walledandturreted,justatapproachofnightfall,ortocometosomestragglingvillage,withthelightssteamingthroughthesurroundinggloom;andthenafterinquiringforthebestentertainmentthattheplaceaffords,"totakeone'seaseatone’sinn!""Theseeventfulmomentsinourliveshistoryaretooprecious,toofoilofsolid,heart-felthappinesstobefritteredanddribbledawayinsolitude.1.Theauthorofthepassagewouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttravelingalone?2.Thestatementinlines2-3(Iam...alone)isanexampleof（

）.3.Stemementions"theshadows(line11)asanexampleofa（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphofthispassage,theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?5.Thephysicaldescriptionofthe“town"(line18)and’’village”(line19)primarilyconveyasenseof（

）.问题1选项A.ItsenjoymentislargelyamatterofpersonalinclinationB.Itsdifficultiesareeasilyunderestimatedbyinexperiencedtraveler.C.ItenablesonetomakemuchbettertimethanwhentravelingwithacompanionD.Itisnotasmuchfunastravelingwithanotherperson问题2选项A.anapologyB.ametaphorC.aparadoxD.aeuphemism问题3选项A.specializedinsightthatonlyaseasonedtravelercanbringtobearonasituationB.observationthattravelersmightenjoysharingnonethelessC.thoughtlesscommentthattravelersareapttomaketotheirguidesD.beautifulsightthatcannotbecommunicatedaccuratelytothosewhodonottravelfrequently问题4选项A.admitstoasuddenchangeofheartB.notesanexceptiontoapreviouslystatedpreferenceC.expressesregretaboutanoverlysweepinggeneralizationD.pointsoutacommonmisconception问题5选项A.forebodingisolationB.ruralpovertyC.eccentriccustomD.provincialcharm5.单选题Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.The