2023年考研考博考博英语华南师范大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语华南师范大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Whenthecommittee（

）todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.问题1选项A.gotdownB.setaboutC.wentoffD.cameup2.单选题Conscience（）himdayandnightafterhesawthemiseriesotherchildwhichwascausedbyhismisdoingswithhisowneyes.问题1选项A.racksB.persecutesC.maltreatsD.abuses3.单选题He（）himselfonherbynotinvitinghertohisparty.问题1选项A.revengedB.repaidC.reproachedD.rectified4.单选题Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.问题1选项A.coordinated.B.correspondedC.synchronizedD.reconciled5.单选题（）thedisappearanceoftheMayanempire,therearestillMayansintheregioninwhichtheyonceinhabited.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.AsC.ButD.For6.单选题Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilize.问题1选项A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexhaustible7.单选题Theenvelopearrivedwiththeoldaddress（）,andthenewonewrittenalongsideit.问题1选项A.leftoutB.crossedoutC.cutoutD.fallen8.翻译题Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.9.单选题Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan（）thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.问题1选项A.optimizeB.maximizeC.minimizeD.allocate10.单选题Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually（

）itinaprofitabledirection.问题1选项A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer11.单选题Hehad（）tobehereatteno'clock,butbecauseofatrafficaccident,hedidn'tshowupuntilmidnight.问题1选项A.overtakenB.undertakenC.guaranteedD.warranted12.单选题Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual13.单选题Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.问题1选项A.labeledB.attachedC.clungD.stuck14.单选题Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute15.单选题（）me,IthinkanEnglish-ChinesedictionaryismuchmorehelpfultoourstudythananallEnglishdictionary.问题1选项A.AsfarasB.AsC.AsforD.Asregard16.单选题Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?问题1选项A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescenceC.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargumentD.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies问题2选项A.ConsciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaiveteB.ThoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordinationC.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety问题3选项A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivityB.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshareC.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivityD.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions问题4选项A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.B.AnessayinwhichanincidentinBritishhistoryisusedtoexplainthesystemofmonarchicsuccessionC.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.D.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.问题5选项A.TheyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplannedandschematicarrangementsB.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.C.Iftheytointroducepoeticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierageD.Theyareineffectualtothedegreethattheydisregardadolescents'politicalnaivete17.单选题Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.ThelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofusEveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon'tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.1.Accordingtotheauthortheconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredintermsofone'sabilitytoread,writeandcompute（）.2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegree（）.3.Theauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknows（）.4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortellsusthat（）.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofpeoplearerare?问题1选项A.isawidelyheldbutwrongB.willhelpeliminateintellectualprejudiceC.therootofallmentaldistressD.willcontributetoone'sselffulfillment问题2选项A.mayresultinone'sinabilitytosolvecomplexreal-lifeproblem:B.doesnotindicateone'sabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocumentsC.maymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweakD.doesnotmeanthatoneishighlyintelligent问题3选项A.howtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmythsB.howtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlifeC.howtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhileD.howtopersuadeotherstocompromise问题4选项A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryoneslifeB.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlifeC.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstancesD.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence问题5选项A.Thosewhodon'temphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappinessB.ThosewhoarenotawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappinessC.ThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferfromN.B.D's.D.Thosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances18.单选题Ascivilization（）inthedirectionoftechnology,itpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasicessentialsoflife-food,shelterandclothes.问题1选项A.processesB.precedesC.proceedD.exceeds19.单选题Evidencecameup（）specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.问题1选项A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose20.单选题Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overworkD.concentrate第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查词组getdowndosth./doingsth.“开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。句意：当委员会着手讨论所提出的计划的细节时，发现该计划似乎并不实际。结合句意可知A选项正确。2.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A:rack“折磨”；B:persecute“迫害”；C:maltreat“虐待”；D:abuse“滥用”。句意：在他看到其他孩子由于他的失误所造成的痛苦之后，良心一直折磨着他。良心应和折磨搭配，因此A符合题意。3.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。revengeoneselfonsb.表示“报复；向（某人）报仇”。句意：他通过不邀请她来参加派对向她报复。结合句意，故A为正确答案。4.【答案】C【解析】考查词组。A项coordinated“与……相协调”；B项corresponded“与……相符”；C项synchronized“（使）同步；（使）在时间上一致；（使）同速进行”；D项reconciled“与……和谐”。句意：管弦乐队的指挥对芭蕾舞不满意，因为舞蹈家的舞步与音乐的节奏不一致。根据句意，C为正确答案。5.【答案】A【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管玛雅帝国消失，但是，他们曾经居住的地区仍然有玛雅人。结合语境，“therearestillMayans仍然还有玛雅人”与“disappearance消失”是对比关系，后半句是完整的句子，故A为正确答案。6.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:exploited“开采；利用”；B:quantifiable“可以计量的”；C:controversial“有争议的”；D:inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”。句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。7.【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A:leftout“遗漏；忽略”；B:crossedout“勾掉，划掉”；C:cutout“停止；裁剪”；D:fallen“倒下”。句意：信封上的旧地址划掉了，旁边写着新地址。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。8.【答案】和古典时代的科学相比，现代科学基本上是未完成状态，然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象，而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道，完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候，僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后，这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物理——只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看，现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此，现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。9.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:optimize“使最优化；使尽可能有效”；B:maximize“最大化”；C:minimize“最小化”；D:allocate“分配”。句意：市场经济的最大优势是它能最优化自然资源和人力的分配。结合语境，由前文谈及了市场经济的优势，以及宾语“distribution分配”可知，A为正确答案。10.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“使适合，使适应，改编”；B选项control“控制，支配，操纵”；C选项install“安装，安置，使就职”；D选项steer“驾驶，掌舵，指引……的路线”。句意：该系统被重新设计，目的是使其与网络兼容，并最终使网络朝获利方向发展。因此D选项正确。11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:overtake“赶上”；B:undertake“承担”；C:guarantee“保证”；D:warrant“担保”。句意：他承诺十一点到这里，但是由于出了车祸，他直到午夜才出现。结合句意，答案为选项C。12.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项instant“立即的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的”；D选项punctual“按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。13.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）贴在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的报纸上发表了一份声明以及一份附加在文件上的清单。结合句意，故B为正确答案。14.【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项aid“资助，援助，帮助”；B选项amount“总计，等于”；C选项add“增加，添加，计算……总和”；D选项attribute“把……归因于，被认为是……创作的”。句意：我们很高兴地注意到，早晨送货没有加剧这个繁华城市的交通拥挤。故C选项正确。15.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。asfor“对……来说，就……而言”。句意：对我来说，我认为一本英汉字典要比一本全英字典要好。根据句意可知C为正确答案。16.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干大意询问作者想要通过本文表达什么。读完原文可知，文章讨论的主要是青少年阶段政治观念的形成，从不同的方面论述了政治观念形成所必需的几种认知技能。作者先后对politicalideology和politicalknowledge进行了界定。第三段中提及许多研究过分依赖后者（政治知识）的获得，指出这是不正确的做法，A项翻译为“必须要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一种政治上的观念”。该选项符合题意，正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第二段第四句“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding.”，中文翻译为：这些都是知识的方面，但它们比青少年吸收（通常是无意间吸收）许多关于政治制度的潜移默化的想法要重要得多，这些假设构成了理解共识。“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa，orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。”以及“Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.”，中文翻译为：因此，政治知识是对社会假设和关系的认识，也是对客观事实的认识。因此，综合得知，D项正确。3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键短语“commongroundofunderstanding”可以定位到原文第二段后这一短语后的举例“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共识”指的就是社会对诸如国家和公民之间相互的正当需求、政府与社会机构之间的正常关系等在理解上的一种认识。因此，最佳答案为C项。4.推理判断题。原文第一段谈及政治意识形态在青春期之初是模糊或缺失的。由题干可以定位到原文第三段中“Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.”，中文翻译为：如小孩子在不掌握排序原则的情况下可以数数一样，青少年在头脑中可能有许多随机的政治信息，而没有安全地理解那些能给信息带来秩序和意义的概念。以及原文第四段中“Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.”中文翻译为：但在青少年掌握了概念和原则所提供的整体功能之前，数据仍然是零碎的、随机的、无序的。”可以得出D项（中文含义：一场辩论，参与者分别认为联邦政府应该支持私立学校，或不应该支持私立学校）是青少年比较难理解的。5.推理判断题。首先，根据题干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，将学校和教会作为组成政治体系的一个例子；然后，在该段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知识源自对这一政治体系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者认为学校本身就是社会政治体系中的组成部分，学生从中可以学会理解这一体系，因此，B项正确。17.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths”中文翻译为“对自己负责包括平息一些非常流行的神话。”结合语境，因此A为最佳选项。2.细节推理题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineisintelligentYetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates..”中文翻译为：我们开始相信，那些拥有更多教育价值徽章并且非常擅长某种形式的学校纪律的人是‘聪明的’。然而，精神病院里挤满了那些拥有所有字母证书的病人。可以得知D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.”中文翻译为更真实的智力指标是一种有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和当下的每一刻。以及“Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.”，中文翻译为：如果你快乐，每一分钟都过得值得，那么你就是聪明的人。此外“Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepression.”，中文翻译为：聪明的人知道如何选择幸福而不是沮丧。因此，C最符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段“Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.”，中文翻译为：“每个在任何社会环境中与其他人打交道的人都有类似的困难。分歧、冲突和妥协是作为人的意义的一部分。”故A最符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon’tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.”中文翻译为：“那些能够懂得各种困难是人生难免的状况，不以是否遭遇问题来衡量幸福与否的人是最聪明，也是出类拔萃的。”可以得知B项最为符合。18.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A:process“加工，处理”；B:precede“领先”；C:proceed“行进”；D:exceed“超过”。句意：随着文明朝着科技的方向前进，它改变了生活最基本的要素——食物、住所和衣服。结合此处题干：朝着科技的方向，判断出C选项为正确答案。19.【答案】C【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，婴儿在6个月大时就能识别特定的语音。结合此处语境，comeup意为“发生；出现”，则后文不接宾语，此外空格后是完整的句子，因此，后文是充当evidence的同位语，则C项that引导同位语从句。因此C为正确答案。20.【答案】B【解析】考查词组。centeron“集中在……；以……为中心”。句意：霍金拒绝了医生父亲学习医学的强烈要求，选择专攻数学和理论物理。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Hewasangrywithhimselfforhavingfallena（）tohiswife’sfoolishtalk.问题1选项A.targetB.obscureC.sacrificeD.ambiguous2.单选题Automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica'scities,andthesmog（）thepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.问题1选项A.presentsB.emergesC.erectsD.imposes3.单选题Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity4.单选题Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrentlysufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromapanicattackratherthanaheartattack.Thefirstisage.Peoplebetweentheagesof20and30aremoreoftenvictimsofpanicattacks.Thesecondissex.Morewomensufferfromrecurrentpanicattacksthanmen.Thethirdisthemultiplicityofsymptoms.Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath.Itisgenerallyagreedthatapanicattackdoesnotdirectlyendangeraperson'slife.Allthesame,itcanunnecessarilydisruptaperson'slifebymakinghimorhersoafraidofhavingapanicattackinapublicplacethatheorshemayrefusetoleavehomeandmayeventuallybecomeisolatedfromtherestofsociety.Dr.Crocker'sadvicetoanypersonwhothinksherissufferingfromapanicattackistoconsultadoctorforamedicalexaminationtoruleoutthepossibilitiesofphysicalillnessfirst.Onceithasbeenconfirmedthatheorsheis,infact,sufferingfrompanicattack,thevictimshouldseekpsychologicalandmedicalhelp.1.Accordingtothepassage,panicattackis（

）.2.Onefactorbothpanicandheartattackshaveincommonis（

）.3.Itisindicatedinthelastparagraphthatpanicattackmay（

）.4.Dr.Crockersuggeststhatforpanicattacksufferers,（

）.问题1选项A.bothfrighteningandfatalB.actuallyaformofheartattackC.morecommonamongwomenthanmenD.likelytolastseveralhours问题2选项A.afeelingoffaintness.B.uncontrollablemovementsC.ahorrorofgoingmadD.difficultyinbreathing.问题3选项A.makeavictimreluctanttoleavehomeanymore.B.threatenavictim'sphysicalwell-being.C.causeserioussocialproblemsforthevictim'sfamily.D.preventavictimfromenjoyingsportanymore.问题4选项A.physicalfitnessisnotsocrucialB.amedicalcheckupisneededtoconfirmtheillness.C.psychologicalandmedicalhelpisnecessaryD.nutritionaladviceisessentialtocurethedisease.5.单选题Thepeopleofthiscountryhaveentrenchedthemselvesto（）anyinvaderswhorefusetogiveuptheirevilintention.问题1选项A.wardoffB.cutoffC.workoffD.layoff6.单选题Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（）.问题1选项A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered7.单选题Venice（）asthemajorseapoweroftheMediterraneanduringtheMiddleAges,whichwasevenmentionedbysomewriters,suchasShakespeare,Marlowe,etc.问题1选项A.prevailedB.reignedC.presidedD.restrained8.单选题Terrorists（）tobombingcitycentersasameansofachievingtheirpoliticalaims.问题1选项A.resortedB.tookC.sawD.looked9.单选题TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceofinterest（

）toeveryone.问题1选项A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition10.单选题Themantowhomwehandedtheformspointedoutthattheyhadnotbeen（）filledin.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.regularC.comprehensivelyD.properly11.单选题Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.问题1选项A.concludeB.followC.deduceD.doom12.单选题TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionof