英语二真题答案及解析

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyand domofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybe 2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly Lastmonth,HowardS idt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalernmenta4tmaketeWebasaferce-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerrintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidntitycardoradigitalcredtial7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangofonlineservies.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlinedenti ystems.Uercould9whi systemtooin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentiti havbeenauthenticatecouldnavigaethosesystms.Theapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequir nInternetdrier’sline bythe areamongcompaniesthatalreadyhvethe singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto 11justoncebutu manydifferentervices.12.theapproachwouldcreatea“waedgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa 13community.Mr.S idtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionStill,theadministration’snhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapudtheapproach;othersconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.Thenhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.S idtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A. B. C. D.110.A.B.C.D.11.A.carryB.lingerC.setD.log12.A.InB.InC.InD.In13.A.B.c.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.B.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.19.A.B.C.D.20.A.B.C. Section PartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextRuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecameofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromonestatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthe willsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongngoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularonAccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.[A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B]failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimesWelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe [A]generousinvestors[B]unbiasedexecutives[D]independentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto emorestable[B]reportincreasedearnings[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]performworseinlawsuitsItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors [A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrong ngsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress- workinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis TextWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldthey echaritablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersare ingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthat neglectedthesignofcrisis[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies[C]werenotcharitablecorporations[D]wereinadesperatesituationSomenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause [A]readersthreatenedtopayless[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas[D]subscriberscominedaboutslimmerproductsComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey [A]havemoresourcesofrevenue[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms[C]arelessdependentonadvertising[D]arelessaffectedbyreadershipWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.[C]Foreignbureausyacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe [A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStoryTextWetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediayfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.BillandliningupatthemarriageButwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentofthe artsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’ [A]prosperityandgrowth[C]restraintandconfidence[D]prideandfaithfulnessWhichofthefollowingcanbeiferredfromPargraph3aboutBauhau[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanerRohe.[B]Itsdesigningconceptwas fectedbyWldWarII.[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeaociat [D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmeianrchitectureMiesheldthateleganceofarchitecturalesign [A]wasrelatedtolargespacewasidentifiedwithwasnotreliantonabundantdecoration[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiencyWhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsof Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.TextWilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleader’stalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfacesanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willoneday5convergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdenies petitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstozeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityfor-marketliberalismandeconomicrigors;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetaryandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFranceernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblems ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinevenitssupportersbegintofeelsomeofitsmembercountriesntoabandonitintendstodenythepossibilityofThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominant arecompetingfortheleadingarebusyhandlingtheirownfailtoreachanagreementondisagreeonthestepstowardsTosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposed EUfundsforpoorregionsbestricterregulationsbeonlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeTheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimplies poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetstrictmonetarywillbeappliedtopoorloanswillbereadilyavailabletorichrichcountrieswillbasicallycontrolRegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel PartBYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext（41-45）.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateovertheernment'sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose"fattaxes"onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarette-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentslastweekbythehealthsecretary,AndrewLansley,whoinsistedtheernmentcould peopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtobusinessesfrompublicButseniormedicalfigureswanttostopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools,restrictadvertisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald's.TheyarguethaternmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain'saddictiontounhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceStephenson,oftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionofunhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassmokingorbingedrinking."Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokingintheworkceorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arewewillingtobejustascourageousinrespectofobesity?Iwouldsuggestthatweshouldbe,"saidtheleaderoftheUK'schildren'sdoctors.Lansleyhasalarmedhealthnersbysuggestinghewantsindustryratherthanernmenttotakethelead.HesaidthatmanufacturersofcrispsandconfectionerycouldyacentralroleintheChange4Lifen,thecentrepieceofernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeatingandfitness.HehasalsocriticisedthecelebritychefJamieOliver'shigh-profileattempttoimproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow"lecturing"peoplewasnotthebestwaytochangetheirbehaviour.StephensonsuggestedpotentialrestrictionscouldincludebanningTVadvertisementsforfoodshighinfat,saltorsugarbeforethe9pmwatershedandlimitingthemonbillboardsorincinemas."Ifwewerereallybold,wemightevenbegintothinkofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes–bysettingstringentlimitsonadvertising,productcementandsponsorshipofsportsevents,"hesaid.SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald's,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootballAssociation.Fast-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering"inducements"suchastoys,cuteanimalsandphonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.ProfessorDineshBhugra,oftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:"Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront."Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose"fast-food-zones"aroundschoolsandhospitals–areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.ADepartmentofHealthspokes said:"Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganew'responsibilitydeal'withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,notstateregulation.Laterthisyear,wewillpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis."Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.A“fattaxes”shouldbeimposedonfast-foodproducerssuchasB ernmentshouldfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools41.AndrewLansleyheldC“lecturing”wasaneffectivewaytoimproveschoollunchesin42.TerenceStephensonagreedDcigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet43.JamieOliverseemedtobelieveEtheproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChange4Lifen44.DineshBhugrasuggestedFparentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenbykeeahealthydietathome45.ADepartmentofHealth Gthe ernmentshouldstrengthenthesenseofresponsibilityamongPartCInthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.Translateitinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.Asearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,hastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargetiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,andotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigSectionIVPartDirection:Supposeyourcousin,Liming,hasjustbeenadmittedtoauniversity,writehim/heralettergivehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylife.Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartWriteashortessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youinterpretthechartgiveyourYoushouldwriteatleast150WriteyouressayonANWERSHEET2.(1520112011SectionⅠUseof 总管Howard idt先生对总管Howard idt先生 案，即“自愿信 识别”系统，进行了详细的介绍，该系统有其新颖之处，现已有谷歌公司和 TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacy domofspeechButtatanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcybercrimethathas1acrossthe bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsi Canprivacyberidden【直击答案】本空格所在句是Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcybercrimethathas1acrosstheWeb.所需填入动词在that引导的定语从句作谓语，该定语从句修饰限定其先行词提供了隐私保障提供了隐私保障 “席卷”的含义，sweptsweep,例：sweepacrosstheglobeofcybercrime搭配不当，故排除。for【直击答案】本空格所在句是Canprivacybep 2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworld…。根据上文信息，网络的优点为网络使用者提供隐私保障，但与此同时网络却也正席卷着互联网。所以可判断出，该问句在提问隐私是否真正能够能得到保障呢？while意为“与……同时”。项 【直击答案】本空格所在句是Canprivacybe2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3thatseemsincreasingly3修饰限定前面的world，解答该题仍需要根据上【直击答案】本空格所在句是Canprivacybe能与上文safetyandsecurity形成对立关系。都是干扰项。Lastmonth,HowardSidt,thenation'scyberczar,offeredthefederalernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferce—a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehightech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer,andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bytheernment. ernment ernmenttomaketheWeba ce。本句关键信息是tomaketheWeba 【直击答案】本空格所在句【直击答案】本空格所在句是Lastmonth,Howard idt,thenation'scyberczar,offeredthe4互联网变得更安全，作本句目的状语。再根据后面的信息，Howard互联网变得更安全，作本句目的状语。再根据后面的信息，Howard idt提供的是一套“自【干扰排除】根据动词offerB、C项。根据下文，并没有说明原因，而是给予建议，故也排除A项。entertainment【直击答案】本空格所在句是a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehightech5ofa相当于一把、一个、一个，故本题答案为D项equivalent“相等物”。【干扰排除】该整句是上文asaferce的同位语。如果考生不理解该句表达的真正意思，很容易会选byrollby流逝intorollinto使…合为一体fromrollfrom从…翻滚而来overrollover翻滚one.system，由system、【直击答案】本空格所在句是thehightechequivalentofaphysicalkeyafingerprintandaphotoone.system，由system、、、linkedThesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer。根据本题选项，可判断出空格所需填入词是一个动词过去分词作后置定语修饰限定本题答案为A项linked,意为“与特定电脑相连接”。C项。CchainedC项更加强调“束缚”的含义，指用“铁链”锁住、束缚，语义与逻辑关系都不符合。如：Tomwaschainedtoapileofpapers.[A][A]dismiss解散 Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.首先所需填信息信息afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems ,【直击答案】本空格所在句是Usercould9whichsystemtojoin。根据上文信息，这个想法目的在于答案为C项select,意为“用户可选择加入哪一个系统”。 【直击答案】本空格所在句是TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bythe driver'slicensebytheernment“由……”，即可判断出本题答案为B项issued“颁发法令，发给证件等”。而C项一般用来形容和物资等的分配andareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesignon”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”incyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”and“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13Mr.Sidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”. 上上lingeronsetin[D][D]login登录 areamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethesesignonsystemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.singlesignonsystems意为“单击登录系统”。所that引导的定语从句就是修饰限定singlesignonsystemsDlogin“登录”。意为“这有局限的。setin后面一般跟动名词，开始做某事。Invain【直击答案】本空格所在句是_12,thepproachwouldcreatea“walledgardenincyberspace.本句中的a13munity“社区”。根据空格前所给所创建的是一个安全的、可信任的环境，故答案为A项trusted“可信任的”。.”.”根据本句信息 idt先生将其描述为“ idtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith 。再联系下文信息trustingtheidentities onrunon…运行于(trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns.本结构是动词的现在分词形式作伴随状语；15whichthetransactionruns是空格前infrastructure的定语从句(介词前置)，意为“所赖以运行的网络基础设A项on和run搭配，即runon有“运行于……”的含义。Still,theadministration'snhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“driver’slicense”mentality.Thenhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublic对该计划也遭到了一些计算机安全专家的质疑，他们担心该计划也遭到了一些计算机安全专家的质疑，他们担心 idt先生所设想的“自愿生态系统”仍在 [Cprotected[Dunited【直击答案】本空格所在句是Still,theadministration'snhas privacyrightsactivists.解答本题，本句后一句是关键：Someapudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.意为“一些人为这一方案拍手叫好，]][Deventually【直击答案】本空格所在句是Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhat beacompulsoryInternet“driver'slicense”mentality.本句含义为：似乎很清楚，这样的一[Askepticism[B][B]tolerance忍耐 【直击答案】本空格所在句是Thenhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts.关心地”，withenthusiasm“