2019年中考英语总复习第2部分语法专题复习语法十非谓语动词课件

云南语法十非谓语动词考点一动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。1．作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“It＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋动词不定式”。It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。2．作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英语。3．作宾语或宾语补足语(1)接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。(3)在使役动词make,let,have和感官系动词feel,look,smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。4．作定语Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有许多家庭作业要做。★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.这只猫很容易照顾。5．作状语Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)We'regladtomeetyouhere.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)6．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构疑问词who,what,when,where,how,which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo(＝whereheshouldgo)．他不知道该去哪里。7．含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too...to...太……而不能……Whydon'tyoudosth.？为什么不做某事？hadbetterdosth.最好做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事makesb.dosth.让某人做某事bemadetodosth.被迫做某事1．(2018·湖北咸宁中考改编)Remember

somefruitwhenyoucomeback.A．buying B．tobuyC．buy D．bought2．(2018·湖南长沙中考改编)—Theweatherreportsaysit'sgoingtohaveashowerthisafternoon.—Itdoes?We'dbetter

now,justincase.A．toleave B．leavingC．leave D．left3．(2018·甘肃张掖中考)Mytwocousinsdecide

abusinesstogether.A．tostart B．startingC．start D．started4．(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)Wesetupthisgroup

disabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.A．help B．tohelpC．helping D．helps5．(2018·黑龙江绥化中考改编)Peoplearesupposed

handswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A．shaking B．toshakeC．shake D．shook6．(2018·贵州中考)Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkids

withstrangers.A．nottotalk B．nottalkingC．tonottalk D．nottalk7．(2018·四川成都中考改编)Igotupearlythismorning

mygrandmaattheairport.A．topickup B．pickingupC．pickedup D．pickup8．(2018·四川达州中考)—I'dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework

．—Ifyoudon'tgo,

．A．todo;sodoI B．todo;norwillIC．doing;sowillI D．do;neitheramI9．(2018·四川乐山中考改编)—Julia,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It'sdangerous

itwhilecrossingthestreet.A．answering B．answerC．toanswer D．toanswering10．(2018·广东中考)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportant

apeacefulworld.A．build B．notbuildCtobuild D．nottobuild11．(2018·贵州安顺中考)—Youshoulddowhatyoucan

yourEnglish,LiMing.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A．improve B．toimproveC．improving D．improved考点二动名词动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1．动名词常用结构(1)只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can'thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。(2)have＋n.＋(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveproblems/difficulty(in)doing等。(3)todoing结构，to是介词be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。2．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。1．(2018·甘肃兰州中考)Bob'sfathercan'tstand

soapoperas.HeenjoyssportsgamesonTV.A．watch B．towatchC．watching D．watched2．(2017·湖北黄冈中考)—NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.—Yeah!Manypeoplecanhardlyavoid

productsmadeinChina.A．tobuy B．buyingC．bought D．buy3．(2017·黑龙江龙东中考改编)—Wouldyoumind

here?—Ofcrousenot.I'll

mycigaretteatonce.A．notsmoking;putawayB．notsmoking;putoutC．nottosmoke;putoffD．nottosmoke;puton4．(2019·原创)Tobehonest,Iregretted

outofschoolwhenIwasjustfifteenyearsold.A．todrop B．droppingC．drop D．dropped考点三分词1．现在分词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。Thecryinggirlcan'tfindhermother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语)Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事很有趣。(表语)Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语)Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语)2．过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。Sheisverytired.她很疲劳。(表语)Theboyworeapairoffadedjeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语)Shefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语)3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。(1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。asleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水asurprisinglook一个令人吃惊的表情(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。thenovelwrittenbyLuXun鲁迅写的那篇小说asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans被粉丝包围的歌手fallenleaves落叶asnow­coveredcity被雪覆盖的城市1．(2019·原创)Ode

to

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byShelly.A．write