课件收集高级软件工程需求

OverviewofRequirements1ThegatheringofinformationaboutthePDandtherequirements2RequirementsElicitationis 3RequirementsElicitationis4RequirementsElicitationis 5RequirementsElicitationis 6RequirementsElicitationis 7ProblemsofRequirementsThethreemainconsiderationsarewhatinformationshouldbefromwhatsourcescanitbeandbywhatmechanismsortechniquesitmaybegathered8TheinformationtoInthescopeofbusinessTheinformationrequiredtoproducetheInformationoftheMustbeapproachedincrementally:-themoreyouknow,thebetteryouknowwhatyouneedtoknow9Sourcesof Forms,sheetsinusers’work,sTechnicalstandardsandNotallalwaysavailable-orSourcesofBroadlydividedintoThefirsttypearemoreproblematicalbecause:-“They”havedifferentexpertise(andlanguageTheirknowledgecanbetacit(implicit)–takenforgrantedandtooobvioustomentionlatent–theydon’tevenrealisethattheyknowit SomecautionsaboutWithoutusingastructuredorganizingscheme(suchasuse-case)Itisdifferenttoamalgamate(合并requirementsinputfromdozensofusersFindingmissing posehigh-levelrequirementsintoenoughdetailtorevealexactlywhatisbeingrequestedFuzzytermstoavoidincludesupport,enable,permit,process,manageMakesurethatalluserclasseshaveprovidedinput,makesurethateachusecasehasatleastoneidentifiedactorCheckboundaryvaluesformissingRepresentrequirementsinformationinmultipleChecklistforElicitedIstherequirementreallyIseachrequirementconsistentwithoverallDothe withotherIstherequirementspecifiedattheproperlevel DoeseachrequirementhaveIseachrequirementboundedandIseachrequirement ElicitationProjectvisionand Elicitationoutput(Elicitationadescriptionofthealistofproblemstosolve imposedconstraintsuponthebehaviourorstructureofthesolutionsystemDefiningprojectvisionandWhyweneedtodefinevisionandscopebeforeelicitation?InrealWorldareFromdifferentviewpoint,canseedifferentYoucanneverdescribeathingofrealworldHowtoassureallstakeholdershaveacommonviewononesamething?WhatshouldbeTheanswerAllstakeholdersseefromonesamevision,therewillbeoneOnlythingsinscopeshouldbedescribedorWhenprojectvisionandscopebe

中DefiningvisionandscopewithbusinessBusinessrequirementsBusinessgoals,High-levelbusinessHigh-leveldataclassesrelatedtoeachPerformancemeasuresrelatedtoeachStakeholdersrelatedtoeach ionofbusinessrequirementsmustbesolvedbeforedefinevisionandscopeBusinessrequirements Findbusinessrequirementswithproblem 2.Understandtheproblemsto yzeproblemtofindthemaincauseortherealproblembehind4.Findbusiness DescribetheAllpeopleshouldagreeonthedescriptionsofthe 2.Understandtheproblemsto 。 3.Graspessentialreasons(theproblembehindproblem)FortheseDifficulttodefineCan’tFindtheessentialreasonoftheproblemanditspresentationwithmethods

单 4.Findbusiness5.bringforwardrelevant 5.bringforwardrelevant(2)DefineboundaryofDividetheworldintotwoThesolutionThethings ctwiththesolutionDefinetheboundaryofthesolutionsysteminthe 5.bringforwardrelevant(2)DefineboundaryofFindusersandother 5.bringforwardrelevant(3)Definetheconstraintsonthesolution…间…DefinevisionandscopewithcontextWhentheproblemsandsolutionsgettingverycomplex,contextdiagramisneededtoimplementbusinessmodelingUnderstandthestaticstructureandthedynamicbehaviorofabusinessorganizationAssurecustoms,usersanddevelopershaveacommonviewonthebusinessorganizationContextdiagramdefinetheboundaryandassociationsbetweensolutionsystemandenvironmentaroundContextdiagraminprocess-modelUse-casediagraminOO-modelAAContextdiagraminprocess-AUse-casediagraminOO-CreditCardPerformCard

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VisionandCollectsthebusinessrequirementsintoasinglethatsetthestageforthesubsequentTheownerofthevisionandscope istheproject’sexecutivesponsor,fundingauthority,orsomeoneinasimilarroleArequirements ystcanworkwiththeownertowritethevisionandscopeInputonthebusinessrequirementsshouldcomefromindividualswhohaveaclearsenseofwhytheyareundertakingtheproject 。: torespondhowtheywish,andtowhatlengththeyOpen-endedquestionsareappropriatewhentheystisinterestedinbreadthanddepthofreplyWhatarethecriticalobjectivesofyourWhatarethebiggestfrustrationyouhaveexperiencedduringthetransitiontomerce? ClosedInterviewClosedinterviewquestionslimitthenumberofpossibleresponsesClosedinterviewquestionsareappropriateforgeneratingprecise,reliabledatawhichiseasytoThemethodologyisefficient,anditrequireslittleskillforinterviewerstoadministerListyourtop2prioritiesforimprovingthetechnologyWhichofthefollowingsourceofinfoismostvaluabletoClosedInterview nningtheStepsDecidingwhomtoPreparingtheDecidingonquestiontypesandBeforetheContacttheintervieweeandconfirmtheDress ArrivealittleAffirmthatyouarepresentandreadytobegintheinterview通过提问和来完成和被会见者的信息交流，按表示感谢并回答被会见者问题。保持与被会ShakeRemindthemofyournameandwhyyouareTakeoutnotepad,tapeMakesuretaperecorderisworkingStartwithpleasantconversation,open-ended RecordingtheInterviewscanberecordedwithtaperecordersornotesUsuallynotesareAudiorecordingshouldbedonewithpermissionandunderstandingInterviewWriteassoonaspossibleaftertheProvideaninitialsummary,thenmoreReviewthereportwiththe 面谈参与者的和交流能力对结果影响较大，尤其是面谈 WhentoUseManymembersareinvolvedwiththeExploratoryworkisProblemsolvingpriortointerviewsisOrderofMostimportantquestionsgoSimilartopicsshouldbeclusteredTakeassociationsofideasintoControver